The document discusses issues related to international aid from developed to developing countries. It outlines what developing countries want from aid, including increasing total amounts, untying aid from conditions, channeling more through multilateral agencies, making it more automatic, and giving developing countries more control over spending. The document also provides data on historical aid amounts from major donor countries and to key recipients like Iraq. It examines factors that influence how effective aid is, such as colonial relationships, allocation of funds, and disruption due to conflict.

1. Y376 International Political Economy October 6, 2009

4. Figure 6-1. Annual Bilateral ODA by the G-5 Countries, 1960-2007, in Billions of Constant 2006 Dollars Source: OECD Statistics online .

5. Figure 6-3. ODA from DAC Countries, OPEC, CMEA, and non-DAC Countries, 1956-2007, in Billions of Current Dollars Source: OECD Statistics Online.

6. ODA, 2000-2006

7. ODA by Major Donors, 2006

8. Aid as Percentage of GDP

10. US Aid to Iraq, 2004-2007

11. US Aid to Iraq in Comparison with Aid to Germany and Japan

13. Protecting Iraqi Oil Fields

14. Table 6-2. U.S. Foreign Aid Programs, 2004 Source: Carol Lancaster and Ann Van Dusen, Organizing U.S. Foreign Aid (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2005), p. 14. Department Name of Program $Millions Department of State Refugee 756 International Organizations and Programs 320 ESF (policy) 3,263 NIS (distribution) 584 SEED (distribution) 442 HIV/AIDS (distribution) 488 Andean Counter-Drug 727 Treasury Department Contributions to Intl. Financial Institutions 1,383 Debt Relief 94 Dept. of Agriculture PL-480 II (budget) 1,185 USAID DA, child survival, disaster 4,511 MCA 994 Iraq Reconstruction 18,439 Other 1,000-1,500

15. Table 6-1. Bilateral Aid to Former Colonies, 1970-1994 Source: Alberto Alesina and David Dollar, “Who Gives Foreign Aid and Why? Journal of Economic Growth , 5 (March 2000), p. 37. Donor Former Colony Share of Total Aid (in percentages) Portugal 99.6 United Kingdom 78.0 France 57.0 Belgium 53.7 Netherlands 17.1

17. Table 6-3. Millennium Development Goals Source: http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/index.htm . Source: http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/index.htm. 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2 Achieve universal primary education 3 Promote gender equality and empower women 4 Reduce child mortality 5 Improve maternal health 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7 Ensure environmental sustainability 8 Develop a global partnership for development

18. Figure 6-2. Total Official and Private Flows from DAC Countries to Developing Countries, 1960-2006, in Billions of Constant 2006 Dollars Source: OECD Statistics Online

19. Figure 6-5. Long-Term Debt Outstanding, Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1970-2006, in Trillions of Current Dollars Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators .

20. Figure 6-6. Debt/GDP and Debt Service/Exports of Goods and Services in Percentages, 1981-2006, Emerging and Developing Countries Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators; International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008 . Debt service data are for low and middle income countries.

22. Petro-Dollar Recycling Oil-importing ICs Oil-exporting Countries International Banks Third World borrowers $ $ $ $