There are two main types of addresses used in networking: IP addresses and MAC addresses. IP addresses are assigned to devices using TCP/IP and allow devices to communicate on an IP network or the Internet. They consist of a network portion and host portion. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network interfaces.

1. Types Of Addresses

2. IP Addresses 2. MAC Addresses

3. IP (Internet Protocol)

4. What Is IP (Internet Protocol) ? Any protocol that is the part of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is also the network protocol. IP provides features for addressing.

5. IP Addresses

6. IP Addresses assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP suite of protocols

7. IP addresses are of 32-bits IP addresses have two portions A . Network Portion B . Host Portion

8. Example 042 - 7706570 042 = is network portion and it remains same throughout the network. 7706570 = is host portion and it varies from host to host.

9. Range Of Decimal Values An IP address is expressed as Four decimal values in the range of 0 to 255 Dotted Decimal Notations These decimal values each represents Eight bits of the 32-bits address, known as an OCTET . This is called Dotted Decimal Notation. Example 155.127.231.124

10. Classification Of IP Addresses

11. Note : Value 127 is not in any class it is reserved for Loop Back Testing It is used for checking of TCP/IP Stack on PC Research and Testing 240-255 Class E Multi Casting 224-239 Class D 8-bits 24-bits Data Communication 192-223 Class C 16-bits 16-bits Data Communication 128-191 Class B 24-bits 8-bits Data Communication 1-126 Class A Host Portion Network Portion Uses Range Class

12. EXAMPLES

13. How it is Standard Minimum Value is 0 and Maximum Value is 255 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ON Bits OFF Bits Adding all Decimal Values when all bits ON Maximum Value is 255 Adding all Decimal Values when all bits OFF Minimum Value is 0

14. IP 124. 192.135.159 /8 Network Portion = 8-Bits Host Portion = 24-Bits Class A IP Address 124.192.135.159 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 124.0.0.0 00000000 00000000 11000000 01111100 Binary 00000000 00000000 192 124 Network ID 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 Binary 00000000 00000000 00000000 255 Subnet mask 10011111 10000111 11000000 01111100 Binary 159 135 192 124 IP Address 4 th Octet 3 rd Octet 2 nd Octet 1 st Octet Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion Network Portion

15. IP 189.200. 191.239 /16 Network Portion = 16-Bits Host Portion = 16-Bits Class B IP Address 189.200.191.239 Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Network ID 189.200.0.0 11101111 10111111 11001000 10111101 Binary 00000000 00000000 200 189 Network ID 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 Binary 0000000 00000000 255 255 Subnet mask 11101111 10111111 11001000 10111101 Binary 239 191 200 189 IP Address 4 th Octet 3 rd Octet 2 nd Octet 1 st Octet Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion Network Portion

16. IP 193.220.164. 223 /24 Network Portion = 24-Bits Host Portion = 8-Bits Class C IP Address 193.220.164.223 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Network ID 193.220.164.0 11011111 10100100 11011100 11000001 Binary 00000000 164 220 193 Network ID 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 Binary 00000000 255 255 255 Subnet mask 11011111 10100100 11011100 11000001 Binary 223 164 220 193 IP Address 4 th Octet 3 rd Octet 2 nd Octet 1 st Octet Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion Network Portion

17. IP ADDRESSES SUBNET MASK NETWORK ADRESSES

18. No Communication Occurred Q: When Two Computers are connected then Communication Occurred ? We Should have to follow some rule and regulations

19. IP Address 5.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 Communication Will Start Q : When IP addresses are of same Class and Network ID are same then will Communication Start ? Communication will be occurred when IP are of same Classes and their Network ID are Same of both computers Class A Class A

20. IP Address 6.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 6.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 No Communication will Start Q: When IP addresses are of same Class but Network ID are Different will Communication Start ? When ever Two Computers are connected Back to Back and their Network ID are not same Communication will not be occurred even IP are of same Classes. Class A Class A Because

21. Then How Different Networks Communicate

22. Routers are Used To Communicate Different Networks

23. IP Address 6.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 6.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 Now Communication will Start Communication will because ROUTER are used to Communicate Different Networks Class A Class B Because