This document discusses managing pastures to control invasive and undesirable plants. It notes that pastures provide opportunities for invasives to establish due to disturbances from grazing. Maintaining a dense pasture canopy between 4-8 inches helps desirable plants compete and shades out weeds. Spotted knapweed and buttercup invade open, disturbed sites so limiting overgrazing prevents their establishment. The document provides lists of desirable and undesirable pasture plants and discusses using grazing and other methods to control problem species.
This document discusses plant nutrition and organic fertilization. It begins by outlining the essential mineral elements and macronutrients and micronutrients required by plants. It then discusses various nutrient deficiencies plants may exhibit. The rest of the document details organic fertilizer sources including manures, composts, and cover crops. It provides information on using cover crops to build soil health through nitrogen fixation and reducing erosion. Overall, the document is a guide to organic fertilization and maintaining soil fertility through nutrient cycling.
This document provides guidance on controlling pests in home gardens using integrated pest management. It recommends using non-chemical controls first through monitoring, tolerance thresholds, and cultural/physical controls. If needed, biological controls like beneficial insects or microbial pesticides are the next option. Chemical pesticides should only be used as a last resort. The document describes common garden pests like weeds, insects and diseases. It provides life cycles and effective control methods for each.
This document provides tips for vegetable gardening on a budget. It discusses how growing your own vegetables allows you to control what your family eats and save money. Both in-ground and container gardening are options. Planning is key - consider what vegetables you like to eat and have space for. Cool-season crops like lettuce, carrots and peas can be planted early and late. Warm-season crops like tomatoes, peppers and beans are planted after the last frost. With a small space, options like square foot gardening, raised beds, and edible landscaping can maximize production. Proper soil, watering, and mulching are also discussed.
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
This document discusses different types of companion planting and cover crops. It defines companion planting as interplanting crops together for benefits like pest suppression and nitrogen fixation. Cover crops are usually planted between growing seasons to improve soil quality. Common companion crops mentioned are legumes planted with heavy feeders, and trap crops used to lure pests away from other plants. Benefits of both techniques include increased soil nutrients, pest control, and habitat for beneficial insects.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
This document discusses plant nutrition and organic fertilization. It begins by outlining the essential mineral elements and macronutrients and micronutrients required by plants. It then discusses various nutrient deficiencies plants may exhibit. The rest of the document details organic fertilizer sources including manures, composts, and cover crops. It provides information on using cover crops to build soil health through nitrogen fixation and reducing erosion. Overall, the document is a guide to organic fertilization and maintaining soil fertility through nutrient cycling.
This document provides guidance on controlling pests in home gardens using integrated pest management. It recommends using non-chemical controls first through monitoring, tolerance thresholds, and cultural/physical controls. If needed, biological controls like beneficial insects or microbial pesticides are the next option. Chemical pesticides should only be used as a last resort. The document describes common garden pests like weeds, insects and diseases. It provides life cycles and effective control methods for each.
This document provides tips for vegetable gardening on a budget. It discusses how growing your own vegetables allows you to control what your family eats and save money. Both in-ground and container gardening are options. Planning is key - consider what vegetables you like to eat and have space for. Cool-season crops like lettuce, carrots and peas can be planted early and late. Warm-season crops like tomatoes, peppers and beans are planted after the last frost. With a small space, options like square foot gardening, raised beds, and edible landscaping can maximize production. Proper soil, watering, and mulching are also discussed.
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
This document discusses different types of companion planting and cover crops. It defines companion planting as interplanting crops together for benefits like pest suppression and nitrogen fixation. Cover crops are usually planted between growing seasons to improve soil quality. Common companion crops mentioned are legumes planted with heavy feeders, and trap crops used to lure pests away from other plants. Benefits of both techniques include increased soil nutrients, pest control, and habitat for beneficial insects.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
The document provides guidance on rice production for farmers to ensure a successful harvest. It discusses important considerations for food security including availability through production. Key aspects of rice production covered include soil and seed selection, land preparation techniques, weed control, soil fertility management, and integrated pest management. Selecting the right variety of seeds suited to the soil conditions and climate is important. Proper spacing, timing of land preparation and weed control are also emphasized.
Seed saving is an important skill for farmers to maintain high quality seeds and ensure crop resilience. It allows farmers to be self-reliant and improve crop yields without increasing inputs. The key aspects of seed saving covered are selecting healthy plants, maintaining genetic diversity, preventing cross-pollination, proper drying and storage methods. Farmers like Mrs. Pavisara Shris have found that with basic techniques, seed saving provides reliable local seeds and additional income from seed sales. The chapter encourages applying these principles for any crop and links to other topics like kitchen gardens, agroforestry and nurseries.
Vermicomposting is a method of composting using worms to break down organic matter into nutrient-rich humus. Red wigglers are commonly used as they can consume 50-80% of their weight daily and thrive in temperatures between 60-80°F. A worm bin with bedding, food, and adequate airflow is needed. Food scraps like fruits, vegetables, coffee grounds, and shredded paper are buried to be broken down. The resulting worm castings are a valuable fertilizer higher in nutrients than soil. With proper care, vermicomposting provides an easy way to compost small amounts of food waste.
Agro chick pea seed production presentation Amol Rathod
This document provides information about seed production of chickpeas. It discusses the importance of chickpeas as a food legume, describing its types and general plant characteristics. It also outlines the climatic requirements, growth and development stages, isolation distances, suitable soil types, and agronomic practices for chickpea cultivation such as field preparation, sowing, irrigation, and pest and disease management. Methods of harvesting, threshing, seed storage and field inspection are also summarized. The expected yield of chickpeas from the described variety is 6.5 to 8.0 quintals per acre.
This document provides guidance on growing vegetables from seed. It discusses selecting varieties, starting seeds indoors, hardening off seedlings, and transplanting outdoors. The document includes a seed spacing chart and ideal temperature ranges for common vegetables. It emphasizes choosing varieties suited to the local climate, starting seeds at the right time, and gradually acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions to reduce transplant shock.
Plant a Row for the Hungry - Kennett Square, PennsylvaniaFarica954z
This document provides tips for planning a successful vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, choosing plants, and planting schedules. It recommends testing soil every 3-4 years and incorporating compost to improve soil quality. A variety of vegetables should be selected and planted in succession for a continuous harvest. Cool season vegetables like carrots and lettuce are planted in early spring, while warm season crops like tomatoes and peppers go in after the last frost. The document encourages donating extra produce to local food banks.
The Ethiopian potato research programme has released more than 30 new varieties, selected primarily for yield potential and late blight tolerance; however, the majority of farmers still choose to grow “local varieties”. Cognizant of this, the current study was aimed at identifying traits that farmers consider most important when deciding which varieties to grow. The study was conducted at two sites in North-west Ethiopia that represent two major agro-ecological zones in two distinct growing seasons, using a participatory variety selection approach. Disease-free seed tubers of nine local and three released varieties were planted. Twenty-three traits were found to influence the varieties that farmers selected, with the degree of importance of each trait differing by agro-ecological zone and gender. Of the 23 traits, 12 were considered very important and 6 determined the acceptance of a variety with their importance differing over seasons. The results showed that farmers’ selection criteria are very diverse, no variety possesses all desirable characteristics, and there is a need for selecting varieties adapted to different agro-ecologies and growing seasons. This study further suggests that taking farmers’ interests into account and the use of local varieties are important in potato breeding in Ethiopia.
Semagn Asredie Kolech;
This document discusses several topics related to growing pigeonpea including:
- Pigeonpea is sensitive to photoperiod and planting time affects maturity and yield. Early varieties are less sensitive.
- Natural cross-pollination occurs in 25-30% of pigeonpea flowers due to insect visits, threatening varietal purity.
- Proper isolation distances of 100-200 meters must be used to maintain varietal purity in seed production fields.
The document provides information on selecting and maintaining turfgrass varieties. It discusses key terminology used to identify grass parts. Several cool-season and warm-season grass varieties adapted to Wyoming are described, including their characteristics, water needs, and seeding rates. The steps for establishing a new lawn from seed or sod are outlined, including soil preparation, planting, watering, and initial mowing. Ongoing maintenance recommendations are provided for the different seasons, such as mowing height, watering, fertilizing, and controlling pests.
- Potato is the fourth major food crop worldwide after rice, wheat and maize. It is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally. The major potato producing states are Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Punjab and Gujarat.
- For successful potato cultivation, appropriate variety selection, soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, pest management and harvest are required. Proper agronomic practices are needed to achieve optimal yield.
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
This document discusses using cover crops in organic farming. It notes that crop rotations historically revolved around legumes to fix nitrogen. It then provides information on typical nitrogen fixed by various legume cover crops. The document discusses finding the best cover crop fits within a crop rotation by considering goals like conservation, augmentation, and activation. It provides an overview of characteristics to consider when choosing a cover crop, and suggests matching specific cover crop objectives with suitable species. The document emphasizes the importance of planning cover crops and shares examples of farmer experiences using different cover crops.
The document discusses maintaining a healthy lawn and environment. It notes that a properly maintained green lawn is better for the environment than an unmanaged one, as it filters air and water and cools the environment. Several myths about lawn care are also addressed, such as that bagging clippings causes thatch, mowing very short is best, and mulching leaves is harmful. Proper mowing, fertilizing, irrigation, and addressing weeds and diseases are emphasized as keys to a healthy lawn.
Mushroom cultivation involves growing mushrooms in a controlled environment. The document outlines the process which includes:
1) Preparing the growing shed with beds and proper orientation.
2) Producing compost by mixing straw, manure, and other nutrients and turning it regularly over 3 weeks.
3) Spawning the compost with mushroom spawn.
4) Covering with a casing layer to provide ideal humidity and nutrients for mushrooms to grow.
5) Harvesting button mushrooms 10-12 days later by cutting at the base and packaging them for local markets.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Farmers in Ethiopia participated in a study using a Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) approach to identify the traits that determine their acceptance of potato varieties. Through evaluating varieties in different growing stages, farmers identified both positive and negative traits of 12 local and 3 improved varieties. Key traits included drought tolerance, late blight resistance, long shelf life, suitability for sequential harvesting and cooking. The PVS approach revealed locally adapted traits not emphasized in the national breeding program and differences in important traits between locations and seasons. It provided insights into better understanding farmers' variety selection criteria.
This document provides information on seed production of jute. It discusses the botanical details of jute, including its scientific name, family, chromosome number, center of origin, and mode of pollination. It also covers soil and field preparation requirements, seed treatment, sowing methods, manures and fertilizers, weed management, pest and disease control, harvesting and threshing procedures, and important jute varieties. The key steps in jute seed production include soil preparation, seed treatment, broadcasting of seeds, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, harvesting when capsules turn brown, and threshing to extract seeds.
Companion Plantings and Growing Voluptuous VegetablesFairlee3z
Growing voluptuous vegetables requires planning your garden layout, soil preparation, choosing crops, and maintaining the garden. The document provides tips for each step, such as creating a planting plan with vegetables grouped by season, testing your soil, using drip irrigation for better watering, and practicing succession planting to maximize harvests. Organic methods like companion planting and crop rotation are recommended to build healthy soil and reduce pests without chemicals. With the right planning and care, home gardens can produce bountiful vegetable crops.
Presentation by Yvane Marblé and Birgit Boogaard at a training course for extension officers on sustainable management of communal pasture areas, Vilanculos, Mozambique, 8 November 2012.
The document provides guidance on rice production for farmers to ensure a successful harvest. It discusses important considerations for food security including availability through production. Key aspects of rice production covered include soil and seed selection, land preparation techniques, weed control, soil fertility management, and integrated pest management. Selecting the right variety of seeds suited to the soil conditions and climate is important. Proper spacing, timing of land preparation and weed control are also emphasized.
Seed saving is an important skill for farmers to maintain high quality seeds and ensure crop resilience. It allows farmers to be self-reliant and improve crop yields without increasing inputs. The key aspects of seed saving covered are selecting healthy plants, maintaining genetic diversity, preventing cross-pollination, proper drying and storage methods. Farmers like Mrs. Pavisara Shris have found that with basic techniques, seed saving provides reliable local seeds and additional income from seed sales. The chapter encourages applying these principles for any crop and links to other topics like kitchen gardens, agroforestry and nurseries.
Vermicomposting is a method of composting using worms to break down organic matter into nutrient-rich humus. Red wigglers are commonly used as they can consume 50-80% of their weight daily and thrive in temperatures between 60-80°F. A worm bin with bedding, food, and adequate airflow is needed. Food scraps like fruits, vegetables, coffee grounds, and shredded paper are buried to be broken down. The resulting worm castings are a valuable fertilizer higher in nutrients than soil. With proper care, vermicomposting provides an easy way to compost small amounts of food waste.
Agro chick pea seed production presentation Amol Rathod
This document provides information about seed production of chickpeas. It discusses the importance of chickpeas as a food legume, describing its types and general plant characteristics. It also outlines the climatic requirements, growth and development stages, isolation distances, suitable soil types, and agronomic practices for chickpea cultivation such as field preparation, sowing, irrigation, and pest and disease management. Methods of harvesting, threshing, seed storage and field inspection are also summarized. The expected yield of chickpeas from the described variety is 6.5 to 8.0 quintals per acre.
This document provides guidance on growing vegetables from seed. It discusses selecting varieties, starting seeds indoors, hardening off seedlings, and transplanting outdoors. The document includes a seed spacing chart and ideal temperature ranges for common vegetables. It emphasizes choosing varieties suited to the local climate, starting seeds at the right time, and gradually acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions to reduce transplant shock.
Plant a Row for the Hungry - Kennett Square, PennsylvaniaFarica954z
This document provides tips for planning a successful vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, choosing plants, and planting schedules. It recommends testing soil every 3-4 years and incorporating compost to improve soil quality. A variety of vegetables should be selected and planted in succession for a continuous harvest. Cool season vegetables like carrots and lettuce are planted in early spring, while warm season crops like tomatoes and peppers go in after the last frost. The document encourages donating extra produce to local food banks.
The Ethiopian potato research programme has released more than 30 new varieties, selected primarily for yield potential and late blight tolerance; however, the majority of farmers still choose to grow “local varieties”. Cognizant of this, the current study was aimed at identifying traits that farmers consider most important when deciding which varieties to grow. The study was conducted at two sites in North-west Ethiopia that represent two major agro-ecological zones in two distinct growing seasons, using a participatory variety selection approach. Disease-free seed tubers of nine local and three released varieties were planted. Twenty-three traits were found to influence the varieties that farmers selected, with the degree of importance of each trait differing by agro-ecological zone and gender. Of the 23 traits, 12 were considered very important and 6 determined the acceptance of a variety with their importance differing over seasons. The results showed that farmers’ selection criteria are very diverse, no variety possesses all desirable characteristics, and there is a need for selecting varieties adapted to different agro-ecologies and growing seasons. This study further suggests that taking farmers’ interests into account and the use of local varieties are important in potato breeding in Ethiopia.
Semagn Asredie Kolech;
This document discusses several topics related to growing pigeonpea including:
- Pigeonpea is sensitive to photoperiod and planting time affects maturity and yield. Early varieties are less sensitive.
- Natural cross-pollination occurs in 25-30% of pigeonpea flowers due to insect visits, threatening varietal purity.
- Proper isolation distances of 100-200 meters must be used to maintain varietal purity in seed production fields.
The document provides information on selecting and maintaining turfgrass varieties. It discusses key terminology used to identify grass parts. Several cool-season and warm-season grass varieties adapted to Wyoming are described, including their characteristics, water needs, and seeding rates. The steps for establishing a new lawn from seed or sod are outlined, including soil preparation, planting, watering, and initial mowing. Ongoing maintenance recommendations are provided for the different seasons, such as mowing height, watering, fertilizing, and controlling pests.
- Potato is the fourth major food crop worldwide after rice, wheat and maize. It is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally. The major potato producing states are Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Punjab and Gujarat.
- For successful potato cultivation, appropriate variety selection, soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, pest management and harvest are required. Proper agronomic practices are needed to achieve optimal yield.
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
This document discusses using cover crops in organic farming. It notes that crop rotations historically revolved around legumes to fix nitrogen. It then provides information on typical nitrogen fixed by various legume cover crops. The document discusses finding the best cover crop fits within a crop rotation by considering goals like conservation, augmentation, and activation. It provides an overview of characteristics to consider when choosing a cover crop, and suggests matching specific cover crop objectives with suitable species. The document emphasizes the importance of planning cover crops and shares examples of farmer experiences using different cover crops.
The document discusses maintaining a healthy lawn and environment. It notes that a properly maintained green lawn is better for the environment than an unmanaged one, as it filters air and water and cools the environment. Several myths about lawn care are also addressed, such as that bagging clippings causes thatch, mowing very short is best, and mulching leaves is harmful. Proper mowing, fertilizing, irrigation, and addressing weeds and diseases are emphasized as keys to a healthy lawn.
Mushroom cultivation involves growing mushrooms in a controlled environment. The document outlines the process which includes:
1) Preparing the growing shed with beds and proper orientation.
2) Producing compost by mixing straw, manure, and other nutrients and turning it regularly over 3 weeks.
3) Spawning the compost with mushroom spawn.
4) Covering with a casing layer to provide ideal humidity and nutrients for mushrooms to grow.
5) Harvesting button mushrooms 10-12 days later by cutting at the base and packaging them for local markets.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Farmers in Ethiopia participated in a study using a Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) approach to identify the traits that determine their acceptance of potato varieties. Through evaluating varieties in different growing stages, farmers identified both positive and negative traits of 12 local and 3 improved varieties. Key traits included drought tolerance, late blight resistance, long shelf life, suitability for sequential harvesting and cooking. The PVS approach revealed locally adapted traits not emphasized in the national breeding program and differences in important traits between locations and seasons. It provided insights into better understanding farmers' variety selection criteria.
This document provides information on seed production of jute. It discusses the botanical details of jute, including its scientific name, family, chromosome number, center of origin, and mode of pollination. It also covers soil and field preparation requirements, seed treatment, sowing methods, manures and fertilizers, weed management, pest and disease control, harvesting and threshing procedures, and important jute varieties. The key steps in jute seed production include soil preparation, seed treatment, broadcasting of seeds, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, harvesting when capsules turn brown, and threshing to extract seeds.
Companion Plantings and Growing Voluptuous VegetablesFairlee3z
Growing voluptuous vegetables requires planning your garden layout, soil preparation, choosing crops, and maintaining the garden. The document provides tips for each step, such as creating a planting plan with vegetables grouped by season, testing your soil, using drip irrigation for better watering, and practicing succession planting to maximize harvests. Organic methods like companion planting and crop rotation are recommended to build healthy soil and reduce pests without chemicals. With the right planning and care, home gardens can produce bountiful vegetable crops.
Presentation by Yvane Marblé and Birgit Boogaard at a training course for extension officers on sustainable management of communal pasture areas, Vilanculos, Mozambique, 8 November 2012.
The document discusses legislation from 2009 that established an advisory committee chaired by the Secretary of Natural Resources to create a state management plan for invasive species. The management plan focuses on coordination, prevention, early detection, rapid response, control and management, research and risk assessment, and education and outreach. It also mentions a specific study on Phragmites genetics in the York River and provides recommendations for citizens to help address invasive species issues.
The Recipe for Bobwhite Quail, Turkey, Songbirds, Pollinators and So Much More. A presentation by David A. Bryan, Private Lands Wildlife Biologist for the VT Conservation Management Institute.
April - May 2010 High Desert Gardening MagazineSimm846q
This document provides tips for growing leaf lettuce and encouraging beneficial insects in gardens. It recommends planting leaf lettuce in full sun to partial shade, keeping the soil moist, and direct sowing seeds once soil temperatures are between 40-80°F. Beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings help control pests and should be attracted to gardens by planting herbs, flowers, and other plants they use as a food source. Fertilizing fruit trees requires applying phosphorus and potassium before planting, and nitrogen can be applied in late fall or early spring depending on the type of tree and its growth the previous year.
This document defines weeds and compares their characteristics to cultivated plants. It discusses how weeds differ in seed dormancy, abundant seed production, seed survival, vegetative reproduction, lack of beauty/odor, and toxicity. The document then provides examples of common weed families and species, describing their identifying features. It focuses on the Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Portulacaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, and Fabaceae families.
Plants for Every Reason - Nevada County, CaliforniaFinola87v
This document provides information on various plant species that can be planted to attract wildlife, resist deer browsing, be native to California, resist fire, and some that are poisonous. It discusses plants that can create habitat for butterflies, birds, quail, and other animals. Fire resistant plants and those deer typically avoid are listed. Native plant species for different conditions are outlined. Finally, some common poisonous plants are described. The document aims to educate homeowners on planting options that benefit the environment and local wildlife.
This document provides non-toxic methods for weed control, including mulching, hand pulling, hoeing, dense planting, and using allelopathic plants. It suggests using sheet mulching with cardboard and wood chips to smother weeds. Herbicides should be avoided as they kill beneficial organisms and contaminate the environment. The document recommends monitoring new materials brought into gardens to prevent introducing weed seeds and providing optimal growing conditions so crop plants outcompete weeds.
This document provides information from a land steward about managing invasive plant species on properties. It begins by defining native, non-native, and invasive plants. It then discusses who determines if a plant is invasive and why invasives are successful. The document outlines various ecological impacts of invasives and how climate change may benefit them. It emphasizes the importance of identifying invasives on one's own property and provides tips on removal and replacement with native species. Examples of common invasive plants in the region are described along with their characteristics and best treatment methods. The document stresses an integrated approach to long-term invasive species management.
The document provides information on identifying and managing white grubs, which are lawn pests. It discusses prevention through proper lawn maintenance like mowing height and aeration. It also recommends encouraging natural parasites and predators of grubs. For control, it describes biological options like milky spore disease, beneficial nematodes, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Timing of control is important in late summer or early fall when grubs are most susceptible near the soil surface.
This document provides information about managing invasive plant species on properties. It begins by defining native, non-native, and invasive plants. It then discusses who determines if a plant is invasive and why invasives are successful. The document notes how climate change may benefit invasives and outlines the ecological impacts of invasives replacing native plants. Specific invasive plants that land managers commonly deal with are profiled, along with their identification, introduction history, habitat, spread method, ecological threats, and best treatment approaches. The document emphasizes the importance of identifying invasives on one's property and choosing native plant alternatives.
This document discusses managing invasive plant species. It provides context on how invasive species were introduced following European settlement and defines what makes a plant invasive. The document outlines strategies for managing invasives, including taking inventory, learning plant identification and biology, creating a management plan, and using control methods like pulling, mowing, grazing, prescribed fire, and herbicides. It emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach and monitoring over multiple years. The document provides examples on specific invasive species like garlic mustard and outlines components of an example management plan.
This document discusses strategies for integrated parasite management in small ruminants. It emphasizes that the goal is to prevent clinical disease and production losses from gastrointestinal parasites rather than attempting to create parasite-free animals. Management tips include selective treatment based on FAMACHA or fecal egg counts rather than blanket deworming. Nutritional management and host resistance can help animals withstand worm burdens. Strategic deworming of dams before kidding can reduce pasture contamination and the periparturient egg rise. Separating younger, more susceptible animals can also help control parasite transmission.
Companion Planting for Fruitful Garden - St. Louis, MissouriMaria857qx
The document discusses companion planting for fruiting plants, providing general guidelines and specific plant companions for various fruits. It recommends planting flowers that attract beneficial insects to control pests. Certain plants like tansy, rue and nasturtium repel insect pests. Proper planning is important for permanent plantings like trees to ensure soil preparation, siting, and protection. The document lists specific fruiting plants available from Bowood Farms and their beneficial companion plants.
Conservative species and other myths of prairie ecologyScott Weber
Prairie ecology, especially concerning conservative or
long lived species, is flawed. Seed mixes, both for
commercial and academic purposes, are bias against species that are costly or slow growing. Economics and cultural values, more so than ecological limitations, determine the diversity and authenticity of all prairie seed mixes and prairie restortation projects, whether for research, landscaping, or mitigation.
Antagonistic Plants for Nematode ManagementSandeep Nayak
This document discusses various cultural strategies for nematode management, including using antagonistic plants, trap crops, resistant cultivars, and timing of planting and harvest. It provides details on specific plants that have antagonistic effects on nematodes, such as marigolds, cruciferous plants, asparagus, crotalaria, and neem. Trap crops are discussed as a way to reduce sedentary nematode populations by allowing nematodes to infect and kill susceptible trap crop plants before eggs can be laid. Early planting and harvest is also described as a tactic to give crops a head start or allow harvest before nematode damage occurs.
Drought-tolerant Small Trees for Maine Landscapes - University of MaineFabienne22Q
This document provides information on 5 species of small, drought-tolerant trees suitable for landscapes in Maine: Miyabe Maple, Three-flower Maple, Eastern Redbud, Amur Maackia, and Sargent Cherry. It describes the origin, characteristics, cultural requirements and ornamental features of each tree species. The document is intended to introduce potentially new landscape plants that are cold hardy and meet criteria for exceptional small trees.
Permaculture for Farmers: Crops, Patterns, Polycultures. Presented at the 2010 Northeast Organic Farming Association Conference by Ethan Roland and Benneth Phelps - read more and donwload resources at http://www.appleseedpermaculture.com/blog
The document discusses the rice case worm, an insect pest that damages rice crops. It describes the worm's lifecycle and identification at different stages. The worm makes tubular cases on rice leaves as larvae feed. This causes whitening, stunting and yield loss to rice plants. The document recommends an Agro-Ecosystem Analysis based Integrated Pest Management approach to control the worm through cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods while minimizing environmental impacts. These include drainage, conservation of natural enemies like spiders and parasitoids, and using pesticides only as a last resort.
This document provides information on identifying and managing common garden pests like insects and small animals. It discusses integrated pest management strategies like observation, identification, and using biological and cultural controls before resorting to chemical methods. Specific pests covered include aphids, spider mites, squash bugs, earwigs, and more. For small animals, it provides facts on common species like deer, ground squirrels, mice, moles and rabbits as well as non-lethal control recommendations focused on habitat modification and exclusion. The document concludes with additional wildlife and pest management resources.
Highlight of small ruminant production system in Bale, Southeastern EthiopiaILRI
The document discusses small ruminant production systems in Bale, Ethiopia, noting that the region has significant sheep and goat populations that are important to livelihoods but face challenges including feed shortages, disease pressures, and poor infrastructure. It outlines research at the Sinana Agricultural Research Center focusing on forage improvement, animal health and production studies to develop solutions addressing the major constraints limiting small ruminant productivity in the area.
Legume cover crops can provide a significant source of nitrogen (N) in organic farming systems. They fix atmospheric N through symbiotic bacteria, and the legume residue decomposes to release N for subsequent crops. The amount of N contributed depends on the legume species, biomass production, and time of termination. Farmers must determine biomass levels through clipping samples and calculate N content based on tissue testing or estimated percentages. Only about half the total legume N will typically be available to crops in the first year, with the remainder mineralizing in subsequent seasons. Proper species selection and termination timing are important to maximize N benefits while minimizing legume competition with cash crops.
On October 23, 2023, The Piedmont Environmental Council hosted a community meeting in Upperville, VA on data centers and associated energy infrastructure. The presentation, given by The Piedmont Environmental Council President Chris Miller, is available to view and download.
The presentation focused on transmission line proposals released by PJM Interconnection on September 5, 2023 and the underlying cause: data center demand growth in Virginia. The presentation was followed by a Q&A with PEC staff, along with leaders from Citizens for Fauquier County, Protect Fauquier and The Coalition to Protect Prince William County.
Sources of information in presentation:
PEC’s Interactive Transmission Line Map: https://www.pecva.org/transmissionmap
PJM: https://www.pjm.com/
Slide 20: https://www.vedp.org/industry/data-centers
Slide 29: https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/hidden-costs-ai-impending-energy-and-resource-strain
Slide 30: https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2021/SD17
Slide 37: https://www.virginiamercury.com/2023/05/03/dominion-projects-new-gas-plants-advanced-nuclear-will-be-needed-to-meet-soaring-demand/
Slide 38: https://cdn-dominionenergy-prd-001.azureedge.net/-/media/pdfs/global/company/2023-va-integrated-resource-plan.pdf
Slide 41: https://www.virginiamercury.com/2023/02/02/are-virginia-ratepayers-and-residents-subsidizing-the-data-center-industry/
This presentation was given by Tee Clarkson with First Earth 2030 and the Rappahannock River Roundtable at The Piedmont Environmental Council's Sources of Conservation Funding Workshop on July 20, 2023.
This presentation was given by Dean Dodson with Fauquier County at The Piedmont Environmental Council's Sources of Conservation Funding Workshop on July 20, 2023.
This document provides an introduction to conservation easements. It defines a conservation easement as a voluntary land preservation agreement where a landowner gives up certain property rights while retaining overall ownership. Conservation easements must further conservation purposes like preservation of land, habitat, or historic structures to provide a public benefit. Landowners who donate easements may be eligible for tax benefits like deductions and state tax credits. Non-profit land trusts and government agencies accept conservation easement donations to ensure the restrictions are upheld over time.
This presentation was given by October Greenfield, PEC's Wildlife Habitat Restoration Coordinator, at The Piedmont Environmental Council's Sources of Conservation Funding Workshop on July 20, 2023.
This presentation was given by Casey Iames, District Conservationist for Fauquier, Prince William, Loudoun and Fairfax counties, at The Piedmont Environmental Council's Sources of Conservation Funding Workshop on July 20, 2023.
The John Marshall Soil and Water Conservation District (JMSWCD) aims to provide leadership, technical assistance, and education to citizens in Fauquier County, Virginia on soil stewardship and water quality protection. Key functions include administering the Virginia Agricultural Cost Share Program and providing conservation assistance and education. JMSWCD receives state, federal, and grant funding and prioritizes projects in high-ranking watersheds. Examples of funded best management practices include stream fencing, riparian buffers, and cover crops. JMSWCD also runs local water quality programs and stream monitoring.
This document discusses the impacts of data center growth on Virginia's clean energy future and outlines potential solutions. Key points:
- Data center energy demand is growing exponentially in Virginia and straining the electric grid, requiring hundreds of acres of utility-scale solar per building.
- This threatens decades of land, wildlife, water, and air quality conservation efforts in the state. One data center can require 300-900 acres of solar development.
- Dominion's 2023 integrated resource plan forecasts doubling of peak electric load by 2037 due largely to data centers, and proposes billions for new gas plants and transmission lines rather than renewable energy.
- Solutions discussed include accelerating the transition to distributed and utility-scale
The document summarizes a community meeting about data centers and diesel generators in Loudoun County, Virginia. It discusses how the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality is proposing a variance to allow backup diesel generators at data centers to run more frequently, which would impact air quality and public health. The meeting covered background on regulations, health impacts of pollutants, concerns about the variance, and calls for the community to submit comments opposing the variance to DEQ and calling on elected officials and industry to take action to address the problem.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already have a condition.
PEC's annual report summarizes their activities and accomplishments in 2020. Despite the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, PEC was able to protect over 5,000 additional acres of land through conservation easements. They also launched a successful Farm to Food Bank initiative that provided over 25,000 pounds of produce, 30,000 gallons of milk, and 11,000 pounds of meat to food insecure individuals. PEC expanded production at their community farm and farmers market to increase local food availability and support rural economies during the pandemic.
One winner from each of our four categories will be selected by popular vote at pecva.org/photovote. Voting will remain open until Monday, November 23, 2020.
The 2020 PEC Photo Contest featured finalists in three categories: Beautiful Landscapes & Streetscapes (entries 1-5), Native Plants & Wildlife (entries 6-10), and Wonderful Waters (entries 11-15). There was also a Youth Category (entries 16-20). The document lists the titles, photographers, and entry numbers of the finalist photographs in each category of the photo contest.
On September 29, Piedmont Environmental Council President, Chris Miller, and field staff held an online conversation about the current challenges and opportunities facing communities in Loudoun County, VA.
On September 11, Piedmont Environmental Council President, Chris Miller, and field staff held an online conversation about the current challenges and opportunities facing communities in Clarke County, VA.
View the slidedeck from The Piedmont Environmental Council and Local Energy Alliance Program's Solarize Webinar on August 18, 2020. Find out more about rooftop and ground mount solar options for your home, farm or business.
On August 11, Piedmont Environmental Council President, Chris Miller, and field staff held an online conversation about the current challenges and opportunities facing communities in Fauquier County.
June 26, 2020 -- PEC seeks to secure contracted professional engineering services to complete (1) a Geotechnical Report and (2) a Final Design for fish-friendly and flood-resilient structures to replace culverts at ONLY the Piney River (VA Rt. 653) pilot project site in Rappahannock County, VA.
On June 25, Piedmont Environmental Council President, Chris Miller, and field staff held an online conversation about the current challenges and opportunities facing communities in Madison and Orange counties.
While the Covid-19 pandemic continues to cause a great deal of uncertainty in our lives, a great deal of conservation work is still being done at the local level.
On June 23, Piedmont Environmental Council President, Chris Miller, and field staff held an online conversation about the current challenges and opportunities facing communities in the Albemarle and Charlottesville area.
While the Covid-19 pandemic continues to cause a great deal of uncertainty in our lives, a great deal of conservation work is still being done at the local level.
Local Update for PEC Supporters in Charlottesville & Albemarle County
Grazing and Invasives
1. Farming Systems Native
Ecosystem
Pasture Ecosystem
Grazing and Invasives
Sue Ellen Johnson PhD. Director of Agriculture and Rural Economy
Piedmont Environmental Council
2. Pastures are communities of individual plants
Usually mixtures of herbaceous perennials and annuals
Pasture plant communities
Seasonally dynamic (warm and cool season)
Competitive
Aboveground: compete for light, space
Below-ground: compete for water, nutrients, soil
Plant community affected by:
Livestock grazing, treading, manure and urine
Human mowing, chemical application…
3. Goals for pasture:
Fresh green (affordable) quality feed for livestock/horses
Green space for animals to derive some nutrition and exercise
Beautiful “pastoral” “bucolic” landscape
Economic contribution to Piedmont farming systems
4. GRAZING GOALS ???
Productivity per acre fenced?
Productivity per unit of fertilizer?
Productivity per unit labor?
Gain per animal?
Gain per acre?
Profit per acre?
Profit per year ?
Profit per hour of labor?
Hobby and recreation?
Tax status?
Pretty pasture?
5. In pastures: Desirable and Undesirable Plants
Desirable : Palatable, non-toxic, nutritious, high yielding,
competitive plants that can tolerate
trampling and repeated defoliation (and regrow)
Ideally persistent, resilient, easy to establish
Naturalized non-natives
Natives
Exotics
Undesirable: compete with desirables
Limit animal performance and land productivity
or adversely affect the environment
Native and non-native weeds
some of which are invasive
6. Pastures not the “native” Piedmont landscape
Mostly naturalized European plant species
maintained through human action (?)
Most pastures have diverse mixtures of plant species
Persistent perennials and naturally reseeding annuals
Warm and cool season plant species
7. Piedmont Forages
Warm season Cool season
Grasses Grasses
Bermudagrass Tall fescue
NWSG Orchardgrass
Kentucky bluegrass
Perennials Legumes Perennial Ryegrass
Lespedeza Legumes
Alfalfa
White and Red clover(s)
Grasses
Grasses
Annual ryegrass*
Crabgrass*
Bromegrasses
Sorghum and Millet
Small grains: Oats,
Annuals wheat, triticale, rye
Legumes
Lespedeza Legumes
Crimson clover
* = naturally reseeding annual
9. Managing grazing to manage weeds and invasives
Basic good grazing management helps desirable plants
thrive and minimizes undesirable weeds and invasives
in Northern Piedmont pastures while increasing productivity
and profitability of a pasture enterprise
Desirable plants must thrive and compete, not simply survive:
Keep good, desired plants species competitive…
Maintain canopy between 4-8” to
keep light from reaching the ground
keep soil covered to manage soil temperature and moisture
Maintain canopy between 4-8” by
Rotating livestock to new pastures – every 3 days
once a plant is grazed allow it time to regrow
Do not overstock or overgraze
10. For a competitive canopy:
need 4x the leaf surface area relative to soil surface area
For each square foot of soil surface: 4 square feet of leaf surface area
In pastures, leaves (not stems) should make up most of
the canopy most of the time.
11. IF mowing pastures
Set mowers at 4” (minimum)
Maintain canopy between 4 and 8”
Time mowing to rainfall
Mow when desirable plants will
rapidly regrow (before budding)
Dragging?
Equipment and tires transport weed seeds
Have a “sacrifice” pasture (or drylot) during high stress periods
Stress= drought or wet
12. Invasives (seed or vegetation)
1. Land in favorable site
2. Germinate or root
3. Outcompete other plants in that site
4. Reproduce
16. Buttercup Ranunculus spp
Native and exotic spp.
R. pennsylvanicus is threatened
All are weeds in pasture: unpalatable, toxic
Colonizes open, disturbed sites VT
Likes wet, compacted soils, low pH
Avoid grazing wet areas-hoof niches
Limit by maintaining dense 4” pastures
Shades out if shaded early in the season…
j. riley stewart photo
17. Pasture micro-sites
Plants (forages or weeds)
fit into the micro-sites
above and below ground.
Depends on what seed is there.
Do NOT control a pasture weed without seeding something desirable in its place.
Time control to favor the desirable species as well as to eradicate the problem.
18. AVOID creating microsites - opportunities for invasives to invade
Avoid “overgrazing”
Do NOT graze below 3-4 inches
Use pasture rotation or exclosure
19. Pasture Weeds and Forage Diversity
16
14
12
10
% weeds
8
6
4
2
0
2 SP 3 SP 6 SP 9 SP
Forage Diversity (# of forage types in the pasture)
*Averaged over two years
Soder et al. 2005
20. What makes a plant a pasture weed/undesirable?
• Poor palatability
• Poor yield
• Propensity to spread- crowds out other species
• Toxicity
Think carefully before eliminating anything that is grazed.
Any plant that is grazed (palatable) and is not toxic
and is not spreading is tolerable in an average pasture.
21. Controlling undesirables/invasives in pasture
Scout [Know desirables from undesirables]
Control weeds at early growth stages- before they “take over”
Spray, burn, dig, mow, overseed, shade, graze…
Use spot control when possible.
Use plant competition to (shading and crowding, allelopathy)
limit undesirable plants.
Overseed an annual forage: sorghum, millet, rye, annual
ryegrass to reduce the vigor of some undesirables
Time and manage fertilization, seeding, grazing and
mowing to favor desirables.
Change soil (root) conditions:
temperature and moisture
fertility: nitrogen pH
22. Controlling undesirables/invasives in pasture
Make sure a desirable species will “replace” what you are
controlling (load the seedbank).
MUST change grazing/pasture management that resulted in
weed invasion in the first place to prevent recurrence!
WI
45. Pastures that are also hayed:
Invasives may be more challenging.. because
Hay Market is
Less tolerant of species diversity-mixed hays
More opportunities for invasives…
46. How desirtbale plants disapper form pastures
How undeairtbale palnts apread in pstures
Baic graing management
Warm season and cool season plants.. Two plant canopy populations…
47. What not to plant because of it’s invasive potential…
Careful with hay :
Seeds it may introduce
Hay feeding sites create invasion sites
48. Pasture invasives: are they spreading?
Are they an economic (or health )liability ) visual or ecological problem?
If ypu finmd one
invasive: :
Flame
Herbicides etc
49. In an established forage field
Light: energy for photosynthesis
Plants
Leaves: site of photosynthesis
Stems: support and position the leaves to capture sunlight
Roots: anchor the plant, move water and nutrients into the plant
Water: carries the nutrients to the plant roots and into the plants
forage plant at max growth rate is 90% water (10% DM)
Soil: physically support the plant and hold nutrients and water
Nutrients: combined with carbon from photosynthesis to build
plant tissues, move into the plant with water
51. A 30-50% stand is a good legume stand.
20% stand
WI
70% stand
WI
52. Regrowth from
leaf blade
Pre-graze Post-graze
3”
Regrowth
from stolon
53. In addition to photosynthesis, canopy is important for
managing soil cover and consequently soil temperature
and soil water which effect which species grow in the pasture.
54. Growth Stages and Growth Rates
New shoots
or seedlings Vegetative Reproductive
Rapid
growth
Slower
Slow growth
growth
Time or age
56. Grazing and invasives
How to think about pasture plants and weeds
Ecological Niche
Opportunities
Displacement
Replacement
SEEDBANK
57. Nimblewill,
stiltgrass, goosegrass
Fescue orchard grass alfalfa red clover white clover ryegrass
Sericea
Tolerable
Purpletop.. Johnsongrass
Undesirabkels…
Mint (s)
Buttercup, burrs,
Burr clover, hop clover
thistles problems beyond the pasture
Pastures as invasive reservoir
Natives for pastures
Invasives as pasture indicators
NWSG summer grazing
Natives that are problematic in pastures
Yellow crownbeard - wing-stem…
Do ck(s)
58. Undesirable natives?
Tolerable?
Sericea Mints
Clovers Lespedeza’s Stickweed
Vetches
Species useful; or tolerable in a “native friendly” pasture…
59. Grazing and invasives
How to think about pasture and pasture plants
What are undesirable or invasive pasture species (weeds)
How to manage grazing to prevent/avoid undesirable or invasive
pasture species
How to control undesirable or invasive plants in pastures with grazing
WI
60.
61. Don’t plant invasive problems; don’t create niches
Prevention of invasives:
What grazing systems result/favor invasives?
Control and eradication of invasives