Seed saving is an important skill for farmers to maintain high quality seeds and ensure crop resilience. It allows farmers to be self-reliant and improve crop yields without increasing inputs. The key aspects of seed saving covered are selecting healthy plants, maintaining genetic diversity, preventing cross-pollination, proper drying and storage methods. Farmers like Mrs. Pavisara Shris have found that with basic techniques, seed saving provides reliable local seeds and additional income from seed sales. The chapter encourages applying these principles for any crop and links to other topics like kitchen gardens, agroforestry and nurseries.
This document summarizes agricultural practices in the village of Ter in Osmanabad district of Maharashtra, India. It details that the major crops grown are soybean, jowar, wheat, cotton, tur, groundnuts and til. Soybean is the main cash crop. Vegetables, fruits and flowers are also grown but horticulture is not very sustainable due to black soil. The document describes the cultivation processes for soybean and jowar. It notes challenges including post-harvest losses, lack of soil testing and proper marketing channels. It recommends initiatives for soil testing, use of protective equipment when applying pesticides, and improved services linking farmers to financial institutions and markets.
The document summarizes the three-tier seed production system for sugarcane: 1) Primary (Breeders’) seed production is done on research farms using heat-treated setts and monitored closely for quality, 2) Secondary (Foundation) seed production uses primary seed and is also closely monitored, 3) Commercial seed production uses secondary seed and is grown on identified farmer fields and distributed by sugar mills, while still being monitored for quality. The goal is to produce high quality commercial seed to improve yields for farmers, though the system is not always effective in all areas.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
by Marco Felix Valdez
April 7, 2019
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the different varieties of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of growth performance, provided with minimum management practices.
Sugarcane is a tropical crop cultivated for its sucrose content. It is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings. Conventional breeding methods have focused on increasing yield, sucrose content, and resistance to diseases and stresses. However, sugarcane has a complex polyploid genome that poses challenges for breeding. New techniques including mutation breeding, transgenic approaches, micropropagation, and development of "energy canes" aim to broaden the genetic base and introduce new traits. Breeding objectives also include abiotic stress tolerance and nutrient use efficiency.
This document provides information and guidelines for sorghum seed production. It discusses selecting land with good drainage for production. Isolation distances should be maintained to avoid contamination from other varieties. Seeds should be treated and stored properly. The optimal seasons for production are June-July and October-November. Quality seeds above 2000kg/ha can be harvested if proper procedures are followed at each growth stage from land preparation to post-harvest processing. Seed certification ensures the genetic, physical and health quality standards are met.
This document summarizes agricultural practices in the village of Ter in Osmanabad district of Maharashtra, India. It details that the major crops grown are soybean, jowar, wheat, cotton, tur, groundnuts and til. Soybean is the main cash crop. Vegetables, fruits and flowers are also grown but horticulture is not very sustainable due to black soil. The document describes the cultivation processes for soybean and jowar. It notes challenges including post-harvest losses, lack of soil testing and proper marketing channels. It recommends initiatives for soil testing, use of protective equipment when applying pesticides, and improved services linking farmers to financial institutions and markets.
The document summarizes the three-tier seed production system for sugarcane: 1) Primary (Breeders’) seed production is done on research farms using heat-treated setts and monitored closely for quality, 2) Secondary (Foundation) seed production uses primary seed and is also closely monitored, 3) Commercial seed production uses secondary seed and is grown on identified farmer fields and distributed by sugar mills, while still being monitored for quality. The goal is to produce high quality commercial seed to improve yields for farmers, though the system is not always effective in all areas.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
by Marco Felix Valdez
April 7, 2019
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the different varieties of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of growth performance, provided with minimum management practices.
Sugarcane is a tropical crop cultivated for its sucrose content. It is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings. Conventional breeding methods have focused on increasing yield, sucrose content, and resistance to diseases and stresses. However, sugarcane has a complex polyploid genome that poses challenges for breeding. New techniques including mutation breeding, transgenic approaches, micropropagation, and development of "energy canes" aim to broaden the genetic base and introduce new traits. Breeding objectives also include abiotic stress tolerance and nutrient use efficiency.
This document provides information and guidelines for sorghum seed production. It discusses selecting land with good drainage for production. Isolation distances should be maintained to avoid contamination from other varieties. Seeds should be treated and stored properly. The optimal seasons for production are June-July and October-November. Quality seeds above 2000kg/ha can be harvested if proper procedures are followed at each growth stage from land preparation to post-harvest processing. Seed certification ensures the genetic, physical and health quality standards are met.
This document discusses several topics related to growing pigeonpea including:
- Pigeonpea is sensitive to photoperiod and planting time affects maturity and yield. Early varieties are less sensitive.
- Natural cross-pollination occurs in 25-30% of pigeonpea flowers due to insect visits, threatening varietal purity.
- Proper isolation distances of 100-200 meters must be used to maintain varietal purity in seed production fields.
This document provides information on seed production of jute. It discusses the botanical details of jute, including its scientific name, family, chromosome number, center of origin, and mode of pollination. It also covers soil and field preparation requirements, seed treatment, sowing methods, manures and fertilizers, weed management, pest and disease control, harvesting and threshing procedures, and important jute varieties. The key steps in jute seed production include soil preparation, seed treatment, broadcasting of seeds, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, harvesting when capsules turn brown, and threshing to extract seeds.
1. The document provides information on the protected cultivation of cucumbers under polyhouse conditions. It discusses the botanical details, economic importance, varieties used, cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, nursery preparation, planting, training, fertilizer management, irrigation, pest and disease management, harvesting and post-harvest handling.
2. Key aspects covered include the use of parthenocarpic varieties for polyhouse cultivation, drip irrigation, fertilizer scheduling, training of cucumber vines, and management of major pests like fruit flies. Yields of 150-180 tonnes per hectare can be achieved with proper cultivation practices.
3. Post-harvest, cucumbers require cooling storage between 10
Foundation and certified seed production of Black gram, Green gram and bengal...NSStudents
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Foundation and certified seed production of Black gram, Green gram and Bengal gram.
I am Abdul Hafeez shaik pursuing UG B.Sc(Hons) in Agriculture from ANGRAU University , Lam , Guntur - Andhra Pradesh.
A small presentation about
Seed Production of open-pollinated varieties of sorghum
Hybrid Seed Production of sorghum
This document provides information about groundnut seed production. It discusses the climatic requirements, soil and land requirements, selection of varieties, land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, isolation, fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural operations, major weeds, plant protection, harvesting, drying and storage, yield, and Indian minimum seed certification standards for groundnut. It also outlines specific field work activities conducted for groundnut seed production, including land preparation, fertilizer application, sowing, and irrigation.
Quality seed production in maize hybridsjesuslovesu
The document provides guidelines for hybrid maize seed production in Tamil Nadu. It discusses suitable climatic conditions, isolation distances, land requirements, field preparation including sowing, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control, pest and disease management, detasseling, harvesting, cob sorting, shelling, seed drying, grading, storage, and certification. Key steps include growing female and male parent lines, removing tassels from female plants, harvesting seeds from female plants only, and processing and storing seeds to maintain high quality and genetic purity.
The document discusses methods for producing yam mother plants and cuttings for propagation. It describes selecting healthy mother plants with balanced nutrient content and avoiding nitrogen fertilizer before taking cuttings. Cuttings should contain a node, leaf, and stem pieces and be treated with fungicide before planting. With good management, cuttings can root within 10 days without hormones.
This document discusses different types of companion planting and cover crops. It defines companion planting as interplanting crops together for benefits like pest suppression and nitrogen fixation. Cover crops are usually planted between growing seasons to improve soil quality. Common companion crops mentioned are legumes planted with heavy feeders, and trap crops used to lure pests away from other plants. Benefits of both techniques include increased soil nutrients, pest control, and habitat for beneficial insects.
This document provides information on onion seed production including floral biology, methods, requirements, and standards. It discusses:
1) Onion flowers are protandrous, with pollen shed occurring before stigma receptivity. Cross-pollination by insects is needed for high seed yields.
2) The bulb-to-seed method is most common, involving selecting bulbs in one season for planting the next season for seed production. Care is taken to select true-to-type bulbs.
3) Seed production requires isolation distances between varieties, rogueing of off-types, and inspection to ensure varietal purity and high seed quality and yields.
This document provides information on advances in seed production methodology for cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). It discusses the botany, varieties, climate and soil requirements, and production practices for the crop such as land preparation, sowing, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation, weeding, pest and disease management, and harvesting. When following proper production practices like selecting suitable varieties, soil and weather conditions, applying fertilizers and protecting from pests and diseases, cluster bean seed yields of 7-8 quintals per hectare can be achieved under rainfed conditions and 12-15 quintals per hectare under irrigated conditions.
Cauliflower is an important & popular nutritious vegetable crop of Bangladesh. It is normally grown here commercially in the winter season but seed production of cauliflower is rare in this country. Although there are several techniques of cauliflower seed production; curd scooping technique has been found to be effective in the good quality seed production of cauliflower at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) the details of which has been described in the article. #Suggested link of my you tube video on broccoli seed production at BARDC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyPw_0uDXE&t=47s
Kidney beans, also known as rajma, are an important crop grown in India and around the world. They are high in protein, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals. Brazil is the top producer globally, while rajma is commonly grown in northern and southern parts of India. Kidney beans thrive in tropical and temperate regions with adequate rainfall and temperatures between 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. They require well-draining soil with moderate organic matter and pH between 5.5 to 6.0 for best growth. Common varieties grown in India include Phule Surekha and PDR-14, which are tolerant to various diseases. Kidney beans are harvested approximately 120-130 days after planting when the pods
Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica Duth. and Full) is an important member of the family Cucurbitaceae, with a chromosome no. 24, which comprises of 117 genera and 825 species in warmer parts of the world (Gopalakrishnan.,2007). Snapmelon is commonly known as ‘Phoot’ which means to ‘split’. The dessert form of Cucumis melo L. is a distinct group distributed and adapted well essentially under humid tropics of South India. Snapmelon is a locally grown dessert melon in Goa and coastal Maharashtra known as ‘Chibud’, in areas of Karnataka as ‘Hibadihannu’ or ‘Phoottikai’ and in Kerala it is known as ‘Pottuvellari’. Yet in northern India large scale cultivation of ‘phoot’ is confined to the states of UP, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Bihar. In arid area like Bikaner from Rajasthan nearly 28.70 % farmers out of 37.75% vegetable growers grow snap melon as a sole crop in kharif and rabi season as well.( Meena., S.R. et al., 2009)
The use of snapmelon is extremely diverse, depending on the type of fruit. Sweet types are consumed as dessert, while non-sweet types are used as vegetableThey are good sources of vitamin C, sugars, minerals and dietary fibre. The fruit of snapmelon contains 3% carbohydrate, 0.3% protein, 0.1 % fat, 95.7 % moisture, 265 IU Vitamin A 100g-1 and 10mg Vitamin C 100g-1 (Peter and Hazra, 2012). Seed contains 12.5 to 39.1 % edible oil. Besides nuitritional factor vegetable is used as a medicine in treating burns , abrasions and coolness of the body.
India being centre of origin, snapmelon has accumulated wide range of genetic variability with respect to the fruits are size small to large, rough and smooth, either oval or cylindrical in shape with a mealy, somewhat insipid or slightly sour flesh which burst on maturity. The productivity and quality are highly variable and sometimes results in low economic returns to the growers. Fruit cracking, low shelf life and lack of transportation & storage facilities are being the most common constraints.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important spice crop of Bangladesh. It is cultivated usually in the winter season. Its cultivation is also easy and require less investment and labour. Although there are a good number of varieties available in Bangladesh, keeping quality of these varieties is not better than a traditional variety ' Taherpuri'. Hence, variety improvement program of 'Taherpuri' was launched at BARDC few years back and an "Improved Taherpuri" onion variety has been delveoped very recently by the BRAC scientists which have excellent size, shape, colour, taste and good storage quality. #suggested link of my you tube video on onion seed production: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
This document provides information about wheat production in India. It discusses that wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. In India, wheat is commonly grown in the alluvial soils of the Gangetic plains and black cotton soils of central India. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 20-25°C during growth and dry, warm weather during harvesting. Common wheat varieties grown in India include T. aestivum and T. durum. The document outlines best practices for soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control and harvesting of wheat crops in India.
The document discusses seeds, genetic diversity, and food security. It notes that traditional seed varieties are being lost, reducing biodiversity and making crops more vulnerable to pests and climate change. Meanwhile, commercial hybrid seeds require continual purchase and lack nutritional qualities of traditional varieties. Conserving seed diversity is crucial to ensuring long-term food security.
R.p maurya hetrosis on cotton and rapeseedR.P MAURYA
The document provides information about heterosis and hybrid seed production in cotton and rapeseed. It discusses the botany, species, breeding methods and status of cotton and rapeseed cultivation. For cotton, it describes the four main cultivated species, heterosis levels observed, development of hybrid varieties, and future research prospects. For rapeseed, it outlines the taxonomy, floral biology, heterosis levels achieved in different varieties, and pollination control mechanisms used. The document is a detailed overview of heterosis exploitation in these two important crops.
Organic seeds are used to grow organic crops without synthetic chemicals. The main difference between organic and conventional seeds is that organic seeds are produced without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic seed production focuses on soil fertility through organic matter and cover crops while supporting beneficial insects. It requires crops to be grown without prohibited materials for three years and annual inspection. The market for organic products is expanding due to consumer concerns about the environment and pesticide residues.
This document provides guidance on seed saving for community food security. It recommends starting small-scale home gardening and collaborative seed saving in advance of an emergency to build a community seed bank. The seed bank should be restocked annually and contain enough seed to plant future crops. Some crops are easy to save seed from while others require more effort to prevent cross-pollination. The document provides details on seed saving methods for different crop types and storing seeds long-term. It includes crop-specific charts with seed saving instructions.
Complete idea about seed production in brief. Classification of seed. advantage and disadvantage of seed production , marketing channel and quality seed production.
This document discusses several topics related to growing pigeonpea including:
- Pigeonpea is sensitive to photoperiod and planting time affects maturity and yield. Early varieties are less sensitive.
- Natural cross-pollination occurs in 25-30% of pigeonpea flowers due to insect visits, threatening varietal purity.
- Proper isolation distances of 100-200 meters must be used to maintain varietal purity in seed production fields.
This document provides information on seed production of jute. It discusses the botanical details of jute, including its scientific name, family, chromosome number, center of origin, and mode of pollination. It also covers soil and field preparation requirements, seed treatment, sowing methods, manures and fertilizers, weed management, pest and disease control, harvesting and threshing procedures, and important jute varieties. The key steps in jute seed production include soil preparation, seed treatment, broadcasting of seeds, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, harvesting when capsules turn brown, and threshing to extract seeds.
1. The document provides information on the protected cultivation of cucumbers under polyhouse conditions. It discusses the botanical details, economic importance, varieties used, cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, nursery preparation, planting, training, fertilizer management, irrigation, pest and disease management, harvesting and post-harvest handling.
2. Key aspects covered include the use of parthenocarpic varieties for polyhouse cultivation, drip irrigation, fertilizer scheduling, training of cucumber vines, and management of major pests like fruit flies. Yields of 150-180 tonnes per hectare can be achieved with proper cultivation practices.
3. Post-harvest, cucumbers require cooling storage between 10
Foundation and certified seed production of Black gram, Green gram and bengal...NSStudents
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Foundation and certified seed production of Black gram, Green gram and Bengal gram.
I am Abdul Hafeez shaik pursuing UG B.Sc(Hons) in Agriculture from ANGRAU University , Lam , Guntur - Andhra Pradesh.
A small presentation about
Seed Production of open-pollinated varieties of sorghum
Hybrid Seed Production of sorghum
This document provides information about groundnut seed production. It discusses the climatic requirements, soil and land requirements, selection of varieties, land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, isolation, fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural operations, major weeds, plant protection, harvesting, drying and storage, yield, and Indian minimum seed certification standards for groundnut. It also outlines specific field work activities conducted for groundnut seed production, including land preparation, fertilizer application, sowing, and irrigation.
Quality seed production in maize hybridsjesuslovesu
The document provides guidelines for hybrid maize seed production in Tamil Nadu. It discusses suitable climatic conditions, isolation distances, land requirements, field preparation including sowing, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control, pest and disease management, detasseling, harvesting, cob sorting, shelling, seed drying, grading, storage, and certification. Key steps include growing female and male parent lines, removing tassels from female plants, harvesting seeds from female plants only, and processing and storing seeds to maintain high quality and genetic purity.
The document discusses methods for producing yam mother plants and cuttings for propagation. It describes selecting healthy mother plants with balanced nutrient content and avoiding nitrogen fertilizer before taking cuttings. Cuttings should contain a node, leaf, and stem pieces and be treated with fungicide before planting. With good management, cuttings can root within 10 days without hormones.
This document discusses different types of companion planting and cover crops. It defines companion planting as interplanting crops together for benefits like pest suppression and nitrogen fixation. Cover crops are usually planted between growing seasons to improve soil quality. Common companion crops mentioned are legumes planted with heavy feeders, and trap crops used to lure pests away from other plants. Benefits of both techniques include increased soil nutrients, pest control, and habitat for beneficial insects.
This document provides information on onion seed production including floral biology, methods, requirements, and standards. It discusses:
1) Onion flowers are protandrous, with pollen shed occurring before stigma receptivity. Cross-pollination by insects is needed for high seed yields.
2) The bulb-to-seed method is most common, involving selecting bulbs in one season for planting the next season for seed production. Care is taken to select true-to-type bulbs.
3) Seed production requires isolation distances between varieties, rogueing of off-types, and inspection to ensure varietal purity and high seed quality and yields.
This document provides information on advances in seed production methodology for cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). It discusses the botany, varieties, climate and soil requirements, and production practices for the crop such as land preparation, sowing, manure and fertilizer application, irrigation, weeding, pest and disease management, and harvesting. When following proper production practices like selecting suitable varieties, soil and weather conditions, applying fertilizers and protecting from pests and diseases, cluster bean seed yields of 7-8 quintals per hectare can be achieved under rainfed conditions and 12-15 quintals per hectare under irrigated conditions.
Cauliflower is an important & popular nutritious vegetable crop of Bangladesh. It is normally grown here commercially in the winter season but seed production of cauliflower is rare in this country. Although there are several techniques of cauliflower seed production; curd scooping technique has been found to be effective in the good quality seed production of cauliflower at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) the details of which has been described in the article. #Suggested link of my you tube video on broccoli seed production at BARDC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyPw_0uDXE&t=47s
Kidney beans, also known as rajma, are an important crop grown in India and around the world. They are high in protein, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals. Brazil is the top producer globally, while rajma is commonly grown in northern and southern parts of India. Kidney beans thrive in tropical and temperate regions with adequate rainfall and temperatures between 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. They require well-draining soil with moderate organic matter and pH between 5.5 to 6.0 for best growth. Common varieties grown in India include Phule Surekha and PDR-14, which are tolerant to various diseases. Kidney beans are harvested approximately 120-130 days after planting when the pods
Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica Duth. and Full) is an important member of the family Cucurbitaceae, with a chromosome no. 24, which comprises of 117 genera and 825 species in warmer parts of the world (Gopalakrishnan.,2007). Snapmelon is commonly known as ‘Phoot’ which means to ‘split’. The dessert form of Cucumis melo L. is a distinct group distributed and adapted well essentially under humid tropics of South India. Snapmelon is a locally grown dessert melon in Goa and coastal Maharashtra known as ‘Chibud’, in areas of Karnataka as ‘Hibadihannu’ or ‘Phoottikai’ and in Kerala it is known as ‘Pottuvellari’. Yet in northern India large scale cultivation of ‘phoot’ is confined to the states of UP, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Bihar. In arid area like Bikaner from Rajasthan nearly 28.70 % farmers out of 37.75% vegetable growers grow snap melon as a sole crop in kharif and rabi season as well.( Meena., S.R. et al., 2009)
The use of snapmelon is extremely diverse, depending on the type of fruit. Sweet types are consumed as dessert, while non-sweet types are used as vegetableThey are good sources of vitamin C, sugars, minerals and dietary fibre. The fruit of snapmelon contains 3% carbohydrate, 0.3% protein, 0.1 % fat, 95.7 % moisture, 265 IU Vitamin A 100g-1 and 10mg Vitamin C 100g-1 (Peter and Hazra, 2012). Seed contains 12.5 to 39.1 % edible oil. Besides nuitritional factor vegetable is used as a medicine in treating burns , abrasions and coolness of the body.
India being centre of origin, snapmelon has accumulated wide range of genetic variability with respect to the fruits are size small to large, rough and smooth, either oval or cylindrical in shape with a mealy, somewhat insipid or slightly sour flesh which burst on maturity. The productivity and quality are highly variable and sometimes results in low economic returns to the growers. Fruit cracking, low shelf life and lack of transportation & storage facilities are being the most common constraints.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important spice crop of Bangladesh. It is cultivated usually in the winter season. Its cultivation is also easy and require less investment and labour. Although there are a good number of varieties available in Bangladesh, keeping quality of these varieties is not better than a traditional variety ' Taherpuri'. Hence, variety improvement program of 'Taherpuri' was launched at BARDC few years back and an "Improved Taherpuri" onion variety has been delveoped very recently by the BRAC scientists which have excellent size, shape, colour, taste and good storage quality. #suggested link of my you tube video on onion seed production: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
This document provides information about wheat production in India. It discusses that wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. In India, wheat is commonly grown in the alluvial soils of the Gangetic plains and black cotton soils of central India. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 20-25°C during growth and dry, warm weather during harvesting. Common wheat varieties grown in India include T. aestivum and T. durum. The document outlines best practices for soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control and harvesting of wheat crops in India.
The document discusses seeds, genetic diversity, and food security. It notes that traditional seed varieties are being lost, reducing biodiversity and making crops more vulnerable to pests and climate change. Meanwhile, commercial hybrid seeds require continual purchase and lack nutritional qualities of traditional varieties. Conserving seed diversity is crucial to ensuring long-term food security.
R.p maurya hetrosis on cotton and rapeseedR.P MAURYA
The document provides information about heterosis and hybrid seed production in cotton and rapeseed. It discusses the botany, species, breeding methods and status of cotton and rapeseed cultivation. For cotton, it describes the four main cultivated species, heterosis levels observed, development of hybrid varieties, and future research prospects. For rapeseed, it outlines the taxonomy, floral biology, heterosis levels achieved in different varieties, and pollination control mechanisms used. The document is a detailed overview of heterosis exploitation in these two important crops.
Organic seeds are used to grow organic crops without synthetic chemicals. The main difference between organic and conventional seeds is that organic seeds are produced without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic seed production focuses on soil fertility through organic matter and cover crops while supporting beneficial insects. It requires crops to be grown without prohibited materials for three years and annual inspection. The market for organic products is expanding due to consumer concerns about the environment and pesticide residues.
This document provides guidance on seed saving for community food security. It recommends starting small-scale home gardening and collaborative seed saving in advance of an emergency to build a community seed bank. The seed bank should be restocked annually and contain enough seed to plant future crops. Some crops are easy to save seed from while others require more effort to prevent cross-pollination. The document provides details on seed saving methods for different crop types and storing seeds long-term. It includes crop-specific charts with seed saving instructions.
Complete idea about seed production in brief. Classification of seed. advantage and disadvantage of seed production , marketing channel and quality seed production.
Seed saving is an important skill for farmers to maintain high quality seeds and self-reliance. The chapter discusses selecting healthy plants from a variety of sources for seed production. Farmers should pay attention to choose disease-free plants, allow only top-quality plants to flower, and prevent cross-pollination between certain species that flower at the same time. With proper selection, drying, storage and pest management, farmers can produce and save seeds of good quality year after year while improving local varieties and conserving biodiversity.
Plant breeding aims to genetically improve crop plants for traits that are economically and agronomically desirable for human benefit. The main objectives of plant breeding include increasing yield, improving quality, developing resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, altering maturity duration, and improving other agronomic characteristics. As cultivable land decreases, plant breeding is crucial to meet food demands by enhancing crop productivity through developing high-yielding varieties and stabilizing yields under varying environmental conditions. While plant breeding has led to major improvements, it also carries some risks such as reduced genetic diversity, narrow genetic bases of varieties, and increased susceptibility to minor issues.
The document discusses crop ideotypes and ideotype breeding. It defines an ideotype as an ideal or model plant type designed for a specific environment to maximize yield. Ideotype breeding aims to enhance genetic yield potential through manipulation of individual plant traits. Examples of ideotypes are provided for various crops like wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton that focus on traits like plant height, tillering ability, leaf characteristics and resistance to stresses. Factors influencing ideotypes and the steps in ideotype breeding are also outlined. Practical achievements highlighted ideotype breeding's role in the green revolution by developing semi-dwarf varieties responsive to fertilizers.
REJUVENATION THROUGH PROGENY ORCHAD AND SCION BANKAmanDohre
This document discusses rejuvenation of old orchards through techniques like progeny orchards and scion banks. It defines rejuvenation as restoring productivity potential through pruning. Objectives are to enhance yields, provide high quality planting material, and conserve old varieties. Reasons for rejuvenation include weed and pest issues, overcrowding, and inferior varieties. Practices discussed include soil management, disease control, pruning, adventitious methods of feeding, and use of wind breaks. Top working is described as grafting superior varieties onto seedling trees to upgrade them. Advantages are increased productivity while conserving old orchards. Progeny orchards maintain superior varieties for propagation purposes. Scion banks are dense blocks
REJUVENATION THROUGH PROGENY ORCHAD AND SCION BANKAmanDohre
This document discusses rejuvenation of old orchards through techniques like progeny orchards and scion banks. It defines rejuvenation as restoring productivity potential through pruning. Objectives are to enhance yields, provide high quality planting material, and conserve old varieties. Reasons for rejuvenation include weed and pest issues, overcrowding, and inferior varieties. Practices discussed include soil management, disease control, pruning, adventitious methods of feeding, and use of wind breaks. Top working is described as grafting superior varieties onto seedling trees to upgrade them. Advantages are increased productivity while conserving old orchards. Progeny orchards maintain superior varieties for propagation purposes. Scion banks are dense blocks
Farmer Seed Saving provides a guide to plant selection and saving vegetable seeds. For centuries, farmers have selected and saved seeds adapted to local conditions and crossed plants by hand to maintain crop varieties. As a result, locally adapted crops have withstood changing conditions. The document discusses traditional seed sources like farmers and community seed banks. It also covers seed production, pollination of self-pollinating versus cross-pollinating plants, and propagating some plants without seeds. Maintaining local genetic diversity through seed saving is important for small farmers.
Plant breeding aims to improve the genetic makeup of crop plants by developing improved varieties. The objectives of plant breeding include increasing yield, improving quality, and developing resistance to diseases and tolerance to drought and frost. Some important achievements of plant breeding include the development of semi-dwarf wheat and rice varieties. The modern age of plant breeding began after Mendel's work was rediscovered, applying principles of genetics and cytogenetics. Plant breeding techniques help meet the increasing global demand for food.
This document discusses seed storage, including the importance of proper storage to maintain seed quality and viability. It provides data on post-harvest losses for various agricultural commodities in India, ranging from 4.65-15.88%. Seed storage begins at harvest and involves various stages until planting. The key principles of storage are to keep seeds in a cool, dry environment to reduce metabolic activity and slow aging. Proper storage techniques help preserve seed germination rates and quality until planting.
Roshan Chandurkar Aims & Objectives of Plant BreedingRoshanChandurkar
Plant breeding aims to improve crop characteristics to make them more desirable and economically viable. The objectives of plant breeding include increasing yield, improving quality, and developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant breeding has achieved significant improvements such as higher yields through hybrid varieties and dwarf genes in crops like wheat and rice, improved nutritional quality in food crops, and resistance to diseases and drought in many major field crops. The future scope of plant breeding includes using biotechnology and genetic engineering to further enhance crop performance and develop resistance to stresses.
Crop rotation refers to growing different crops in succession on the same piece of land. It helps maintain soil fertility through legumes that fix nitrogen. Crop rotation provides various benefits like increased yields, reduced costs from weeds and pests, and regular income. Principles of effective crop rotation include adapting to soil and climate, maintaining soil organic matter, and rotating between deep and shallow root crops. Other cropping systems discussed are intercropping, mixed cropping, relay cropping, and monocropping.
This document discusses plant propagation, including definitions of seed propagation and vegetative propagation. Seed propagation involves growing plants from seeds, while vegetative propagation uses plant parts like stems or leaves. Some benefits of seed propagation are guaranteed germination rates and availability of a wide variety of seeds, while limitations include slower growth and not guaranteeing the traits of the parent plant. Vegetative propagation allows exact clones of the parent and is faster but requires more labor and costs. The document also covers seed harvesting, storage conditions for different types of seeds, and factors for germination.
1. Cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables provide humans with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals which are essential for growth, development, and health.
2. Improving crop varieties, production practices such as nutrient management, irrigation, and cropping patterns can lead to increased crop yields to meet the food demands of a growing population.
3. Scientific management practices like using high-yielding crop varieties, fertilizers, irrigation, and intercropping can help obtain higher yields while preserving soil fertility and environmental balance.
Forage Seed Production Training Manual, AfricaSeeds
This document provides an overview of a training manual on forage seed production published by the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA). The manual covers topics such as field multiplication, post-harvest conditioning, seed quality control, marketing, and economics. It describes four major systems of forage seed production in sub-Saharan Africa - opportunist labor intensive, opportunist mechanized, specialist labor intensive, and specialist mechanized. The first chapter focuses on field multiplication, including factors like site selection, matching forages to sites, crop establishment and management, and harvesting methods.
Seed technology involves the development, production, processing, storage, and distribution of high quality seeds. It aims to rapidly multiply and supply new crop varieties to farmers in a timely manner while maintaining genetic purity, high germination rates, and reasonable prices. Factors like natural crossing, mechanical mixtures, mutations, and diseases can lead to the deterioration of crop varieties during seed production if not properly controlled. Key aspects of seed technology include isolating seed fields, rouging off-type plants, multi-generation seed classes (nucleus, breeder, foundation), and seed certification to ensure genetic purity and quality are maintained throughout the multiplication process. The goals of seed technology are to increase agricultural production and food security by disseminating improved seeds
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
Genetic improvement of cashew is important to increase yields, resistance to diseases and pests, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. The key methods of genetic improvement discussed are controlling the mating system through techniques like cross-pollination and hybridization to generate genetic variability, followed by selection of desirable traits through artificial and natural selection. Selection criteria important for cashew include increased yield, tolerance to diseases and pests, and improved fruit quality. Sri Lanka has introduced several improved cashew varieties developed through these genetic improvement methods that have higher yields and other desirable traits compared to traditional varieties.
Similar to Seed Saving, by Permaculture Australia (20)
The document discusses seeds, genetic diversity, and food security. It notes that traditional seed varieties are being lost, reducing biodiversity and making crops more vulnerable. Meanwhile, commercial hybrid seeds require continual purchase and lack nutritional value of traditional varieties. Conserving heirloom seeds is important for adapting to climate change and maintaining food security. The document provides resources for seed saving and advocacy organizations working to address this issue.
Finding, Gathering, Saving Seeds - School Classroom ProjectPX8
The document discusses finding, gathering, and saving seeds from plants. It explains that for most of human history, people saved seeds from year to year in order to survive. Now, people save seeds to preserve biodiversity and living history. The document encourages students to become seed savers by identifying and collecting seeds from the garden or wild. It provides instructions on basic seed saving steps like allowing seeds to dry fully before storing them in envelopes or jars. The document also includes a chart with details on easy vegetable and flower seeds to save.
This document provides guidance for farmers on saving seeds from their own vegetable crops. It discusses general principles of seed saving, including which varieties can have their seeds saved, isolation techniques to prevent cross-pollination, and proper storage methods. The document then provides species-specific instructions on seed production, isolation, selection, harvesting and processing for several important vegetable crops, including amaranth, bean, beet, brassicas, carrot, cucurbits, eggplant, jute, kangkong, lettuce, malabar spinach, mungbean, okra, onion, pepper, radish, soybean, tomato and yardlong bean.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to a guide about seed saving. It outlines topics that will be covered, including choosing crop varieties, annual and biennial crop cycles, basic botanical terms, inbreeding and outcrossing of crops, pollination and fertilization, isolation methods, population size, roguing, soil and cultivation needs, harvest and processing methods, seed storage, germination, and seed saving tips for specific crops. The guide aims to teach farmers and gardeners the skills needed to produce and save seeds.
This document provides an activity guidebook for a seed saving education program called "From Generation to Generation." It introduces various garden and seed saving projects organized by grade level that focus on themes like families, communities, biodiversity, and civilizations. Some of the featured projects include growing a three sisters garden, saving heirloom seeds, creating a school seed store, and restoring wild habitats. The guidebook aims to teach children about the cycle of plants from seed to seed and reconnecting them with past farming traditions through hands-on gardening and seed saving activities.
This document provides information on plant propagation methods for home gardeners. It discusses seed propagation and vegetative propagation techniques such as cuttings, layering, and division. For seed propagation, it emphasizes using a sterile seed starting mix and keeping the seeds moist. For vegetative propagation, it describes taking cuttings from various plant parts and explains how to root the cuttings by maintaining humidity and temperature. The document also provides examples of specific propagation techniques for common houseplants and outdoor plants.
This resource guide provides a summary of books, periodicals, and local resources to support sustainable gardening in South Central Alaska. It lists over 50 books organized by topic such as general organic gardening, composting, pest management, and storage. It also identifies several periodicals and community organizations that provide classes, demonstrations, and assistance to gardeners in the region. The guide aims to support those interested in organic and sustainable practices for Alaskan conditions.
Saving Your Own Vegetable Seeds A Guide For FarmersPX8
This document provides guidance for farmers on saving seeds from their own vegetable crops. It discusses general principles of seed saving, including which varieties can have their seeds saved, isolation techniques to prevent cross-pollination, and proper storage methods. The document then provides species-specific instructions on seed production, isolation, selection, harvesting and processing for over 20 common vegetable crops, including amaranth, bean, beet, brassicas, carrot, cucurbits, eggplant, jute, kangkong, lettuce, malabar spinach, mungbean, okra, onion, pepper, radish, soybean, tomato and yardlong bean.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Seed Germination Theory and Practice" by Norman C. Deno.
The book aims to provide concise directions for optimizing the germination of nearly 2,500 plant species based on extensive experiments conducted by the author. It also discusses the underlying principles of seed germination from a mechanistic chemical perspective.
The book is intended to be useful for plant growers by providing practical germination methods, as well as for biologists and chemists by exploring seed germination as a complex chemical process that can be studied using techniques from those fields. The author encourages an open and experimental approach to germinating different plant species using efficient new methods described in the book
All seeds are best stored under cool, dry conditions, with refrigeration recommended for long-term storage. Different plant varieties often need to be isolated by 1/4 mile to prevent cross-pollination. Seed saving instructions are provided for many vegetable crops, including allowing pods/fruits to fully dry before harvesting seeds, then cleaning seeds with various sized screens. Seeds can typically be stored viable for several years when properly stored.
This document provides resources for information on seed storage and conservation. It summarizes manuals, books, and websites that cover topics like seed processing, testing, germination and long-term storage. Several organizations are mentioned which operate seed banks and provide publications and online guidance for seed saving and conservation.
This document provides information about saving seeds and establishing seed banks. It begins with an introduction and acknowledgements. It then discusses the importance of home seed saving, problems with buying international seed, and techniques for seed collection, cleaning, testing, drying, recording, storing, and distribution. The document contains tables on ease of saving different types of seeds, storage times and amounts, and germination times. It provides illustrations on topics like pollination, keeping varieties pure, selecting plants, and testing seeds. The overall aim is to teach people the skills and knowledge for conserving plant genetic resources through local seed saving, seed banks, and record keeping.
Three key hints are provided for starting seeds for a community garden:
1. Timing is important - start warm weather crops like tomatoes 6-8 weeks before the last frost date so they are ready for planting. Cool weather crops can be started earlier.
2. Seedlings need bright light for 14-16 hours per day, so use shoplights suspended close to the seedlings to provide adequate light.
3. Refer to online guides or reference books to learn proper seed starting techniques, and start with a small number of easy plants like tomatoes when first beginning.
Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey ...SirmaDuztepeliler
"Rethinking Kållered │ From Big Box to a Reuse Hub: A Transformation Journey Toward Sustainability"
The booklet of my master’s thesis at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology. (Gothenburg, Sweden)
This thesis explores the transformation of the vacated (2023) IKEA store in Kållered, Sweden, into a "Reuse Hub" addressing various user types. The project aims to create a model for circular and sustainable economic practices that promote resource efficiency, waste reduction, and a shift in societal overconsumption patterns.
Reuse, though crucial in the circular economy, is one of the least studied areas. Most materials with reuse potential, especially in the construction sector, are recycled (downcycled), causing a greater loss of resources and energy. My project addresses barriers to reuse, such as difficult access to materials, storage, and logistics issues.
Aims:
• Enhancing Access to Reclaimed Materials: Creating a hub for reclaimed construction materials for both institutional and individual needs.
• Promoting Circular Economy: Showcasing the potential and variety of reusable materials and how they can drive a circular economy.
• Fostering Community Engagement: Developing spaces for social interaction around reuse-focused stores and workshops.
• Raising Awareness: Transforming a former consumerist symbol into a center for circular practices.
Highlights:
• The project emphasizes cross-sector collaboration with producers and wholesalers to repurpose surplus materials before they enter the recycling phase.
• This project can serve as a prototype for reusing many idle commercial buildings in different scales and sizes.
• The findings indicate that transforming large vacant properties can support sustainable practices and present an economically attractive business model with high social returns at the same time.
• It highlights the potential of how sustainable practices in the construction sector can drive societal change.
1. What is
Seed Saving ?
The Farmers' Handbook - "Near The House 1", Chapter 8 - Seed Saving
Farmers need to
have many skills to
manage both the soil
and the homestead. Out
of those skills, seed
saving is probably one
of the most important.
By giving more atten-
tion to seed saving,
farmers can improve
the quality of their seed
each year. This can
then improve crop
production. This can be
done without having to
increase inputs of ferti-
lizer, irrigation or culti- Mrs Devi Khatri's Cauliflower
vation. So with a little
extra care in seed production, farmers can easily increase
their farm production.
Although this chapter mainly uses examples of vegeta-
ble seed production, the principles it describes are relevant
to any species whose seed we want to save.
2. do to do
Why Seed Saving ? How Seed Saving ?
Many farmers have problems of either losing or not Things to pay attention to in seed saving
being able to acquire good, pure seeds. It's important to keep
1 Choose healthy and disease-free plants to save seed
local, traditional varieties of pure and good quality. Also,
from.
there may be a need to breed and increase new open polli-
2 Select plants according to the qualities or characteris-
nated species or varieties. To guarantee good quality seed,
tics you need. For example :-
good methods are needed. But the main benefit of saving seed
yourself is that you can stand on your own feet and be more
self-reliant.
Function Qualities or characteristics needed
Timber straight stems, strong, long lasting, etc
Why save seed yourself, on your own land? Fodder dense foliage, nutritious, etc.
• so the seed required is available at Vegetables tasty, disease & drought resistant, etc.
the right time;
• to save the cost of buying seed; Medicine bitter, strong, stores well, etc
• to trust that the species or variety of
seed is the one you need; 3 Seed producing plants are adapted to the local climate.
• to produce seed that is adapted to the
4 Select seeds from as many plants of one variety as possi-
local climate, soil, etc.;
ble. Save from at least 10 plants, in order to maintain
• to increase income from local re- genetic diversity and strength.
sources, and
• to improve local varieties and conserve
bio-diversity. 5 Once a plant has been identified to save seed, don't pick
its leaves, flowers, etc. But if any part is damaged or
diseased, these should be removed and discarded.
2 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 3
3. 6 Select plants for seed saving as 10 Different species which cross pollinate should not be
early as possible, and label them. allowed to flower at the same time. It is possible that some
species will cross, so they should not flower in the same
place, at the same time. To prevent cross pollination one of
7 Give extra care to plants selected the following 2 methods should be used:
RADISH
for seed saving. Provide water, nutrients,
weed control, pest control, etc. according a. Plants that cross should be far apart, so that insects or
to the needs of the plant. Compost, liquid wind will not be able to cross pollinate;
manure, ash, oil seed cake etc. can be
used for this. b. Plants which cross should be planted to flower at differ-
ent times. For example, if a cauliflower grown for seed
8 As plants mature they may fall over, so flowers in July, a cabbage also for seed should flower in
staking may be necessary. August. This way the flowering time will be separate, and
there is no danger of crossing.
9 Only allow the best plants to flower. For
any variety, poorer plants should not be al-
lowed to flower so they don't mix with the
good plants, which will lower the quality of the
Species which will cross pollinate
seed. Leaving the plants for seed saving, all
others should be pulled and eaten, composted The species in the following families will cross pollinate
or mulched before flowering.
Cauliflower family :cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli,
sprout, kale, kohl rabi all cross.
Turnip family : turnip, chinese cabbage and
chinese mustard all cross.
Chard family : red and green chard will cross.
Pepper family : chilli and sweet peppers will cross.
Pumpkin family : zucchini, dwarf and climbing
pumpkins will cross.
4 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 5
4. When attention is paid to all these points, good quality, How to do
pure seed can be produced. But if any one is ignored, then the
quality of the seed cannot be guaranteed and the work and
Let's See Seed Saving
time can be wasted.
1 On the left side
the good seeds are
all similar. On the
See how many right the rejected
bad seed to reject
bad seed to reject
good seed to save
types of bean in pumpkin
seeds are differ-
a handful ! ent colour, shape
and size
climbing
bean
velvet
bean 2
Different types
of maize se-
lected for seed The best
plants for
seed are se-
lected early
and labelled
6 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 7
5. Select only the best
plants for seed
production. Here, 5
cauliflower is shown
with Man Bahadur
3
Seed producing plants should be given maximum care
and attention. Here, Khamba Prasad has built a roof
to protect his seed cauliflower from hail and frost
Radish seed
collected 6
Mrs Tulisara 4
Gyami is pick- Ripe radish seed
ing the dam- pods seen close-up
aged leaves off
her red Swiss
Chard, grown 7
for seed
8 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 9
6. 8 When put in water, What to do after
any dead seeds will Maintenance Producing Seed
float on the top.
These can be thrown
Things to consider when picking
away, leaving just
and storing seeds
the good seeds
Only pick seeds or pods when they are ripe.
Only collect good seed or pods.
Reject any seeds different in size, shape or colour from the
average good seed.
Dry the seeds well. Usually seeds are dried in the sun.
Some types, like lemon, orange, etc. should be dried in the
The seeds shade, for example above the fireplace.
are dried
well in the 9 If seed is sun dried, be sure to allow them to cool before
sun packing.
If possible, pack seed in an airtight
container, and try to fill the container
10 full, without leaving excess air space.
Add ash or baked rice, which help to
keep seed dry.
After drying, Put fresh, cool ash or baked rice in the bottom of the
good storage is container. This absorbs water in the air, which helps to
essential keep the seed dry. This can be placed on top of seed also
(see drawing, page 12).
10 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 11
7. Seed should be stored in a cool, dry, dark place.
It is very important to protect seed from disease,
insects and fungus. There are many local herbal
remedies for doing this, for example mixing ash,
powdered neem leaves, neem oil, powdered oil seed
cake or wormwood. Another method is to store seeds
of different sizes mixed together, such as wheat and
mustard, or corn and millet, This is a traditional
practice in many places.
Farmers' Wealth
Check the seed regularly for pest damage. From time Biodiversity -
to time take the seed out and dry in the sun, or add
various types of
fresh herbs. Seed store made
rice seed shown in
an exhibition from traditional
Glass or plastic jar
wisdom and local
tight fitting lid resources,
to stop air Southern Nepal
top layer of
baked, cooled rice
to fill the container paper
stored radish
seed
bottom layer of
paper
fresh, cooled ash
12 The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 13
8. Farmers'
Experience
Mrs Pavisara Shris Read On !
From Nepal, Surkhet dis-
Subjects Related to Seed Saving
trict, Gumi - 3, Ratadada This book provides enough information to be able to
village, and a member of save much of your own seed. However, this information is
"Hariyali" women's group, also linked to other methods. For extra benefits let's read,
Mrs Pavisara Shris has learn and practice from other related chapters.
produced and saved her
own seed. Now let's hear
about her experience.
Kitchen Garden Agroforestry
æ
from
I first learned seed saving
the Homestead
Programme (JPP). Even after
Mrs Pavisara Shris
chapter chapter
Seed Saving ○
○
saving seed for myself I have been able to sell a surplus for a ○
○
○ chapter ○
○
○
few hundred rupees, which has been useful. It's no trouble to ○ ○
○ ○
○ ○
save seed. We always saved corn, wheat, mustard beans and
the like anyway. And it's easy to learn more. I saved potato ○ ○
seed and after I kept what I needed, made 200 rupees. ○
○
○ ○
○
○
○
○
Timing is important, and not eating the seed, and you can
○
○ ○
save for ever. Now I've saved 40-day radish, tomato, lettuce,
coriander, fenugreek and peas. I keep the seed plants Fruit Nursery Mixed Vegetable
separate, look after them well, and keep them labelled. Now chapter Gardening chapter
I'll always save my own seeds, and want to
learn how to save more varieties, and to teach
others how to do it.
14 Æ
The Farmers' Handbook, "Near The House - 1" Chapter 8 - Seed Saving 15
9. Related Subjects
Kitchen Garden chapter
Grihasthi Communications
Good seed is essential for successful vegetable
gardening. Information about this, and other
easy methods to home-produce healthy vegeta-
bles at low cost, is given in this chapter
Agroforestry chapter
When planning agroforestry seed production
and collection are very important. Information
about the importance and methods of
agroforestry to increase production from less
land is given in this chapter
Fruit Nursery chapter
In this chapter information is given about how
to make a nursery for grafting or budding
local fruit varieties
Mixed Vegetable Gardening chapter
Grow various types of vegetables with less
weeding, watering and other work, and har-
vest from 3 weeks to 6 months after planting.
Information on this easy technique is given in
this chapter