This document describes an IOT-based greenhouse monitoring system using Raspberry Pi. The system aims to automatically monitor and control climate parameters like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity in a greenhouse. Sensors placed in the greenhouse record this data, which is sent to a Raspberry Pi gateway. If temperature rises too high, fans turn on to cool it down. If soil moisture drops, pumps turn on to add water. Lights also turn on automatically in the absence of sufficient light. The system is meant to overcome the limitations of manual monitoring and improve crop growth and yield for farmers.

1. IOT based
Greenhouse
Monitoring System
using Raspberry Pi

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Greenhouses are climate-controlled structures with walls and roofs that are specifically designed for off-
season plant growth. Most greenhouse systems use manual systems to monitor temperature and humidity,
which can be inconvenient for workers who must visit the greenhouse every day and manually control them.
• Traditional farming methods have been found to be incapable of delivering an adequate amount of fertilizer.
• Similarly, no explicit measure to regulate climate parameters can be established.
• In this system, we have created a prototype that includes a sensor network (SN)-based node and a Raspberry
Pi-based embedded system (ES) that is active in monitoring climatic parameters such as air temperature, air
humidity, soil moisture, air carbon dioxide, and light intensity within a greenhouse environment.
• In this system, the Raspberry Pi-based ES is integrated with IoT analytics, and sensor nodes are physically
placed in a greenhouse environment to record climate parameter data that is forwarded to the gateway.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
• IOT and raspberry pi-based greenhouse monitoring system in the presence of three sensors is used to detect
temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture in the greenhouse. The greenhouse effect is a natural
phenomenon and beneficial to human beings.
• Numerous farmers fail to get good profits from greenhouse crops for the reason that they can’t manage two
essential factors, which determine plant growth as well as productivity.
• Greenhouse temperature should not go below a certain degree, high humidity can result to crop transpiration,
condensation of water vapour on various greenhouse surfaces, and water evaporation from the humid soil.
To overcome such challenges, this greenhouse monitoring system involves rescue.
• The temperature sensor senses the level of temperature. If it goes high DC fans get on and when the
temperature goes low the fan gets off. Soil moisture sensor senses the water level as the level decreases the
pumps get on.
• In the absence of light, the LDR sensor senses and the bulb starts glowing. Also, a GSM module is used to
send the status of the sensor every 30 secs. In this way, it will become easy to monitor and control the
system.

4. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Programming
Component Mapping & Soldering
PCB Printing & Connectivity Testing
Components Procurement
Circuit Design
Choosing Microcontroller

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. CIRCUIT DESIGN
A circuit is actually any loop through which matter is
carried. For an electronic circuit, the matter carried is
the charge by electronics and the source of these
electrons is the positive terminal of the voltage source
.When this charge flows from the positive terminal,
through out the loop and reaches the negative terminal,
the circuit is said to be completed. However this circuit
consists of a number of components which affects the
flow of charge in many ways. Some may provide
hindrance to the flow of charge, some simple store or
dissipate charge. Some require external source of
energy, some supply energy.
Circuit Design Tools:
• Eagle, Kicad, Proteus
• Circuit Digest Capacitor Calculator
• Nevon Express Resistor Color Code Calculator

7. PROGRAMMING
Raspberry Pi is the name of a series of single-board
computers made by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a
UK charity that aims to educate people in computing
and create easier access to computing education.
The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap computer that runs
Linux, but it also provides a set of GPIO (general
purpose input/output) pins, allowing you to control
electronic components for physical computing and
explore the Internet of Things (IoT).
The Raspberry Pi operates in the open source
ecosystem: it runs Linux (a variety of distributions),
and its main supported operating system, Pi OS, is
open source and runs a suite of open source
software.

8. WHAT IS A PYTHON PROGRAM?
▪ Python is a very useful programming
language that has an easy to read
syntax, and allows programmers to
use fewer lines of code than would be
possible in languages such as assembly,
C, or Java.
▪ The Python programming language
actually started as a scripting language
for Linux. Python programs are similar to
shell scripts in that the files contain a
series of commands that the computer
executes from top to bottom.

9. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Hardware Components
• Raspberry pi
• GSM module
• WIFI
• Moisture Sensor
• Light Sensor
• Temperature Sensor
• LCD
• DC FAN
• Bulb holder
• AC Pump
• Crystal Oscillator
• Resistors
Software Requirements
• Python
• OS: Linux
• Capacitors
• Transistors
• Cables and Connectors
• Diodes
• PCB and Breadboards
• LED
Transformer/Adapter
• Push Buttons
• Switch
• IC
• IC Sockets

10. Basic Electronics Components
Basic Electronic Components are: resistor,
capacitor, transistor, diode, operational amplifier,
resistor array, logic gate etc.
These are of 2 types: Passive and Active
Components. Both these types of components
can be either Through-Hole or SMD.
One can buy these components easily online
from websites like www.nevonexpress.in,
www.digikey.in, www.indiamart.com,etc.

11. Microcontrollers & Development Boards
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to
govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A
typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and
input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
A development board is a printed circuit board with circuitry
and hardware designed to facilitate experimentation with a
certain microcontroller. Also there are certain hardware
circuits that greatly aid testing and debugging such as
pushbuttons and LEDs.
One can buy these components easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in, www.indiamart.com,etc.

12. Transformers & Power Supply
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric
power to an electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply
is to convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in, www.indiamart.com,etc.

13. PCB & Breadboards
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a laminated
sandwich structure of conductive and
insulating layers.
One can buy them easily online from websites
like www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc.

14. Motors
The word "motor" refers to any power unit that generates
motion, that is a "prime mover", while "electric motor" refers
to a "prime mover using electricity.“
An electric motor is a device used to convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc.

15. Sensors & Modules
Sensors and modules (having extra electronic
circuitry along with sensor) are Electronic devices
that detect and respond to some type of input
from the physical environment.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc.

16. LED/LCD Displays
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an
electronic display module and has a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module
and is very commonly used in various devices and
circuits.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc.

17. Soldering Iron & Accessories
Soldering is a process used for joining metal parts to form
a mechanical or electrical bond.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc.

18. Testing & Troubleshooting Equipment
Multimeters are the most versatile of the electrical testers
and, as the name implies, they are capable of many different
testing functions.
One can buy them easily online from websites like
www.nevonexpress.in, www.digikey.in,
www.indiamart.com,etc

19. CONCLUSION
• Our project demonstrates the design and implementation of various sensors for monitoring and controlling
the greenhouse environment.
• Raspberry Pi is used to power this greenhouse control system.
• It is made up of a temperature sensor, a light sensor, a soil moisture sensor, an LDR sensor, an LCD display
module, a 12V DC fan, a bulb, and a pump.

20. REFERENCES
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343392221_Intelligent_greenhouse_monitoring_and_control_sche
me_An_arrangement_of_Sensors_Raspberry_Pi_based_Embedded_System_and_IoT_platform
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331679382_IoT_Based_Automated_Greenhouse_Monitoring_Syst
em
• https://www.academia.edu/51351077/IoT_Based_Greenhouse_Monitoring_System_Using_Raspberry_Pi
• https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i1/IRJET-V8I1115.pdf
• https://extrudesign.com/iot-based-green-house-monitoring-using-raspberry-pi/

21. THANKYOU