Introduction to tourism, hospitality & travel industry; hotel industry

Introduction to the
Inter-relatedness and Inter-play of
Tourism, Travel, Hospitality and
Hotel Industry
Origin, History, Evolution,
Growth & Importance

[1] Learning Objective
[2] Origin Of the Word Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Hotel
[3] Definitions of Tourism, Travel, Hospitality & Hotel
[4] Factors That Promote & Accelerate Tourism
[5] Stages in Growth Of Tourism: World
[6] Tourism In India: A historical summary
[7] Components Of Tourism
[8] Categories Of Tourism (Types)
[9] Importance Of Tourism
[10] Factors Which Hinder Tourism
CONTENTS
Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM
Hajipur, Vaishali (Bihar)

Learning Objective
• As you start your career in hospitality industry, you
should be able to confidently explain, what is
hospitality, tourism and travel industry. Also, the
• Social
• Economic
• Geographic
• Cultural & Other benefits
of tourism for developed & developing countries.
Getting to know the concept of the travel agents & tour
operators is required. Also, become alert to the negative
side of tourism such as sex trafficking, drug dealers, land
grabbing, pollution, child abuse, terror attacks etc.Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

Tourism Grows Every Year.

Hospitality Industry is one of the oldest
commercial activities in the world.
At present, it contributes approximately 4 trillion
dollar per year to the world economy.
In the American system one billion is 1,000,000,000
and a trillion is 1,000,000,000,000 so one
trillion is one thousand times one billion.
1 million= 10 lacs, 1000 million= 1 billion,Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

What is Hospitality?
• hospitality
• hɒspɪˈtalɪti/
• noun
• the friendly and generous reception and entertainment
of guests, visitors, or strangers.
• "Scotland is renowned for its hospitality"
• synonyms: friendliness, hospitableness, welcome, warm
reception, helpfulness, neighbourliness, warmth, warm-
heartedness, kindness, kind-
heartedness, congeniality, geniality, sociability,
conviviality, cordiality, amicability, amenability,
generosity, liberality, bountifulness, open-handedness
• relating to or denoting the business of entertaining
clients, conference delegates, or other official visitors.

Travel & Tourism Grow Together.

Tourism is an umbrella term.
It covers travel, transport and
hospitality industry along with
many other sectors, as the following
slides will show.

Hospitableness is learnt through
culture at home, society and locality.
Hospitality originally emerged to assist
travellers.
People travel for many reasons; business,
pleasure, higher studies, medical
treatment, pilgrimage etc.
When they travel, they need food and
shelter. Hospitality industry fulfils that
need, for a return fee, of course!

अतिथि देवो भवः

Travel before Invention of Wheel!
On foot, or on animals! People formed a
group (like caravan, कारवााँ) and travelled
through the day. At nightfall, they needed a
safe place to protect them from wild
animals and bandits (डाकू ). Animals needed
rest, too!
In all parts of the world such safe places have
existed, albeit under differing names. Some
examples are on the next slide..Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

Travel Before Wheels were Invented!

Historically Hospitable People are...
CountryRegion
1. India
2. India
3. Japan
4. Spain
5. Portugal
6. America
7. Europe
8. France
9. Switzerland
10. Greece
11. China
Name of the lodging houses or Inns
1. Dharamshala
2. Sarai
3. Ryokans
4. Paradors
5. Pousadas
6. Coffee Houses
7. Taverns & Inns
8. Cabarets & Hostelries
9. Mansionis & Hospitia
10.Phatnal
11.Relay Houses

The Hospitality Business in Old Times?
It was a husband-wife team that first began to run
hospitality business in primitive inns.
From a place in the stable (where horses live) to a
moderately clean hallroom, sleeping on the floor
to a comfortable bed; from cook-your-own-meal to
being served wholesome, nutritious food, this
business evolved over centuries to become the
marvellous hotelsresortsmotelscasinoscruise-
liners that most of you are going to make your
career in.
Truly fascinating journey...

Tourism Industry: Introduction

• The term tourism seems to have
been derived from the Latin word
tornus, which means a compass like
tool for making circles or wheel in
motion.
• Circle denotes the circular journey or
trip.
Origin Of Word Tourism

Origin of the word ‘Transport’
The word is derived from the Latin words ‘trans’
meaning, across, and ‘portare’, meaning, ‘to
carry’.
From animals to carts, steam ships to steam
engines, cars to planes; travel has been an
integral part of tourism.
When more people can travel cheaply and in
comfort, more the growth in tourism industry.
Space tourism is just round the corner!

United Nations World Tourism
Organization
• Last year, close to a billion tourists
travelled internationally.
• Many times more, travelled within their
own country.
• Tourism is truly one of the most
remarkable economic and social
phenomenon that drives the world GDP,
along with Information Technology and
Telecommunication. (W.T.T.C.)

TOURISM:
It is the movement of people from their normal place of
residence & work, for a period of not less than 24 hours
and not more than 1 year. (according to W.T.O.)
The sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from the
travel as it does not lead to permanent residence and is
not connected to any earning activity. (by Henniker &
Kroff)
Tourism covers the social activity of those, who travel for a
period of 24 hours or more, in a country other than the
one the person usually lives in (The league of nations, in
1937)
Definition

The Glamour of Hospitality!?!

Defining Tourism
Tourism is a temporary, short term movement
of people, to destinations outside the places,
where they normally live and work, and their
activities during their stay, at these
destinations, does not involve earning
money, including day visit & excursion i.e.
trips lasting less than 24 hours. (By Tourism
Society of Britain)

Tourism is a broad concept!
Tourism may be defined in terms of particular
activities, selected by choice, and undertaken
outside the home environment. Tourism may
or may not involve overnight stay away from
home. (A.I.E.S.T, 1981)
Tourism – The activity of temporary visitors,
staying at least 24 hours for leisure, business,
family or meeting.

Excursion – The activity of temporary visitors staying less
than 24 hours, but excluding people in transit (travelling).
TOURISM INDUSTRY
I. Comprised of a broad range of businesses and
organizations that are related to virtually all the areas of
economy.
The components include all suppliers of goods and services
which the tourists require. ( according to Mr. A.J. Bunkart)
II. Tourism industry comprises those organizations that are
in the business of providing goods and services, to meet the
distinctive needs of some identifiable collection of
travellerstourists.
They cooperate with one another, to some degree, in doing
so.
(According to Mr. Leiper)Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

• According to WTO ( World Tourism Organisation)
tourism is the movement of people away from
their place of residence and work, for a period not
less than 24 hours and not more than one year for
leisure, business and other purposes, not related
to the exercise of an activity remunerated from
within the place visited.
• Simply put, if you are working and getting paid,
you are not a tourist.
• Logically tourism can be defined as a stuctured
break from routine life & involves a separation
from everyday life that offers to transpose to
another moral and mental state.Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

• (A) Domestic:- tourists coming from various
states and other parts of the same country. For example,
Indians travelling within India.
• (B) International:- tourists coming from and going to other
countries, with passport, visa, foreign currency and health
check certificate.
• (C) Inbound:- tourists coming from other
areas/countries to our area/country. For example,
Americans coming to India.
• (D) Out Bound:- tourist going from our
area/country to other areas/countries. For example,
Indians going to America
Categories Of Tourists

A. Economic growth through huge revenue earnings
B. Employment generation: direct and indirect
C. Infrastructure Development: Connectivity, buildings
D. Foreign Exchange Earning
E. Tourist Destination Development at remote areas
F. Contribution to Gross National Income
G. A Boon For Travel Industry
H. Development Of Accommodation Business
J. Service Creation And Consumption far and wide
K. Cultural Development & Enrichment
Positive Impacts Of Tourism

Industries Related to Tourism
Accommodation
Transportation
Food &
Beverage
Retail Stores
Events &
Activities

Accommodation Sector-shelter
Hotel
Motel
Time Share
Resort
Casino hotel
Budget hotel
Bed & Breakfast hotel
Condominium
Capsule hotel
Holiday Village
Circuit House
Dak Bungalow
Sarai
Lodges

Travel & Transportation
Trains
Passenger ships
Airlines
Buses
Car Rentals
Bikes
Limousines
Ferries
Steamers
Cruise liners
Helicopter service
Chartered flights
Yachts

Food & Beverage Service
Restaurants
Bars
Pubs
Nightclubs
Take Away counters
Drive –through
Vendors
Snack bars
Delicatessen
Retail shops
Kiosks
Home delivery
Banquets
Pool-side outlets

Retail Stores
Shopping malls
Gift shops
Art & craft shops
Handicrafts
Handloom
Emporium
Antique shops
Duty-free shops
Gems & jewellery
stores

Activities & Events
Seasonal festivals
Trade fairs
Road-shows
Exhibitions
Sports events
Study trips
Excursions
Cultural events
(dance, music,
drama)
Light & laser shows
Jungle safari
Sightseeing
Meetings,
Conferences &
Conventions

Travel Agents & Intermediaries
Provide travel tickets, hotelcruise line
reservation, car rentals, itinerary plans, travel
insurance, travel guide books, money
changing for foreign currency, and
visapassport documentation support, in
both offline and online mode.
They are paid fixed commission on a contract
basis.

The top 10 travel companies in India are:
1. Make my trip
2. Cox and King
3. Thomas Cook
4. Yatra.com
5. Travelguru
6. Cleartrip
7. SOTC
8. Goibibo
9. Expedia
10. Hello Travel

Tour Operators
Make a complete package for the entire
tour, specializing in handling large
groups and off-shore travel to far off
destinations.
Unlike travel agents, who only make
arrangement when requested to, tour
operators may actually buy from various
service providers at low rates and then
sell at a profitable level.

Top 10 Travel Companies in the World
• Expedia Inc. - $60.8 billion
• Priceline Group - $55.5 billion
• American Express Global Business Travel - $30 billion
• Carlson Wagonlit Travel - $24.2 billion
• BCD Travel - $23.8 billion
• HRG North America - $16 billion
• FC USA - $13.4 billion
• American Express Travel - $5.1 billion
• Travel Leaders Group - $4.32 billion
• Fareportal/ Travelong - $4.1 billion
(source- Wikipedia)

Tourist Destination
A place which a tourist may find interesting,
for reasons like cultural, historical, aesthetic
and recreational value.
A destination may also have a unique appeal
for many reasons. E.g. Bermuda Triangle!
When a destination develops a reputation for
cheating with tourists, it is called a ‘tourist
trap’!

1. Paris, France
2. London, UK
3. Rome,
Italy
4. Bali,
Indonesia

5. Barcelona,
Spain
6. Crete, Greece
7. Prague, Czech
Republic
8. Marrakech,
Morocco

9. Istanbul, Turkey
10. New York
City, USA
Top 10 tourist
destinations of
the world, 2018
Ranking by
TripAdvisor

Cultural Industries
Create, produce and distribute intellectual
and artistic works such as literature, visual
& performing arts, crafts, music, cinema
etc.
They provide employment and create wealth
for the skilled and experienced
practitioners of the art form.
People prefer to go out of their country so
they can experience a new culture and
lifestyle. Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

advertising, architecture, books, gaming, movies, music,
newspapers/magazines, performing arts, radio, television and
visual arts.

Leisure, Recreation & Sports
Leisure is the free time from work and
domestic responsibility.
Recreation is the refreshment of body and
mind.
Increased income and sedentary life style has
made recreation really popular in
developed societies.
Sports has become big business and a major
driver of tourism.Compiled by-Praveen Jha, Trainer, IHM

Tourism Big Picture!
All the activities that are performed for assisting a
tourist come under tourism industry.
• Accommodation
• Travel & Transportation
• Food & Beverage catering
• Retail Stores
• Events & activities
There is team spirit among all.

Negative Aspects of Tourism
It is a mixed blessing….

Pollution
Garbage, plastics, damage to flora & fauna, ecology etc.

Drugs, Disease, Immorality

Deforestation

End of Part 1

Introduction to tourism, hospitality & travel industry; hotel industry

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