3. Thomas Hardy(2 June 1840 – 11January 1928)
was an English novelist and poet.
While Hardy wrote poetry throughout his life and
regarded himself primarily as a poet, his first
collection was not published until1898.
Initially, therefore, he gained fame as the author
of novels
Introduction
4. Thomas Hardy’s life can be divided into three phases:
1. The first phase (1840-1870) embraces childhood,
adolescence, apprenticeship, first marriage, early
poems and his first unpublishednovel.
2. The second phase (1871-1897) is marked by intensive
writing, which resulted in the publication of 14 novels and
a number of short stories.
3. In the third phase (1898-1928), the period of the writer’s
rising fame, heabandoned writing novels and returned to
poetry.
Hardy’s Life in relation to his work
5. Victorian Age
Victorian Literature
Victorian Writers
His Time in history
Period between 1832 and 1901
From the Passage of the First
Reform Bill to the Death of Queen
Victoria
Early Victorian Age 1832-1848
Mid-Victorian Age 1848-1870
Victorian Age
Late Victorian Age 1870-1901
8. Victorian Writers
Novelists
Bronte Sisters
Charles Dickens
William Makepeace Thackeray
Elizabeth Gaskell
George Eliot
George Meredith
Anthony Trollope
Thomas Hardy
Samuel Butler
9. Born on 2nd June, 1840 in the village of Higher[Upper]
Bockhampton in Stinsford parish near the town of
Dorchester in Dorset County,England
Early Life
Jemima Hardy
Mr Thomas
10. Statue of Thomas Hardy in
Dorchester
Stinsford Parish Hardy was enrolled at the age of 8 yrs
Cottage in Dorset where Hardy was born
11. Childhood pursuits, often spending time alone
wandering the countryside, exploring the flora and
fauna, gaining a profound connection with nature and
the familiar sights and sounds of his rural home county
Attended the Stinson church with his family, was a
voracious reader, learned to play the violin and
attended local schools studying Latin, Greek, French,
classical literature, and assisted his father in his various
building projects
12. At the age of sixteen, Hardy was taken on as
apprentice to John Hicks, an architect inDorchester
Work before Writing
John Hicks
13. Left in 1862for London to work with architect Arthur
Bloomfield
He worked in an office which specialized in restoration of
churches
London
14. In 1863 Hardy developed a three-year
romantic interest in Eliza Nicholls
During these years, he won awards for his
architectural craftwork
Prize from Architectural Association for country
mansion
Silver Medal from Royal Institute of British
Architecture for an essay on Architeture
RIBA
Eliza Nicholls
Architectural Association
15. In 1865, he immersed himself in the city's vibrant literary
and cultural atmosphere, studying art, visiting the
National Gallery, attending the theatre, and writing prose
and poetry
• Prose sketch, “How I built myself a house” appeared
in Chamber’s Edinburgh Journal
16. Five years later, in 1867, concerned about his
health, he returned to Dorset and decided to
dedicate himself to writing
• His First Novel, “The Poor Man and The Lady” was
written
This novel was rejected for publication
He met with George Meredith
Meredith Hardy’s First Novel
17. Emma
Hardy met Emma Lavinia Gifford (1840-1912) in 1870.
She was working at the rectory in St. Juliot, Cornwall,
a building project he was working on.
They married in London in1874
Love and Marriage
18. In 1883, Hardy moved to Dorchester
In 1885, He moved to Max Gate and lived
there for the rest of his life
Tess of the D’Urbevilles
Mayor of the Casterbridge
19. In 1912, his first wife Emma died
In 1914,Hardy married his secretary,
Florence Emily Dugdale (1879-1937)
Dugdale was 39 years his junior
20. In 1919, his collection of poetry was published
Three volumes of poetry were appeared during his
last decade of life
21. Hardy became ill with pleurisy in December 1927
He died at his home, Max Gate, in Dorchester on 11th
January 1928
Hardy narrated his final poem to his wife while on his
deathbed
His heart is buried in the cemetery of St. Michael's
Church in Stinsford, Dorset, where Emma and
Florence also now rest
His ashes were interred in Poet's Corner of
Westminster Abbey, London, England
Illness and Death
22. His heart is buried in Stinsford close to his parents
and beneath the tombstone of his beloved wife,
Emma
Most of him, his ashes are buried with spadeful of
Dorset earth in Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey
Two Funerals of Hardy
24. Becomes Grand Old Man of English Letters
Won Order of Merit
Won several degrees of honour
Achievements
25. Hardy divided his novels and collected short stories
into three classes:
1. Novels of Character and Environment
2. Romance and Fantasies
3. Novels of Ingenuity
Novels
26. 1.The Dynasts (verse drama)
The Dynasts, Part 1(1904)
The Dynasts, Part 2(1906)
The Dynasts, Part 3(1908)
2. The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at
Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923) (one-act play)
Drama
27. Poetry was Hardy's first literary love
He wrote poems from the 1860s onward till near his
death, completing nearly a thousand poems (986)
Hardy is now recognised as one of the greatest poets
of the twentieth century
In 1898 Hardy published his first volume of poetry,
Wessex Poems, a collection of poems written over a
period of 30 years
Poetry
28. Philosophy of Life
Pessimistic view of life
Life is to suffer at the hands of external
forces
“…happiness was but the occasional
episode in a general drama of pain”
Man a mere plaything of an impersonal and
maligned fate
As flies to wanton boys Are
we to the gods,
They kill us for their sport
King Lear Act IV Sc 1 35-37
29. Features of His Works
Accusing finger at destiny and taking sides with
the protagonist
His plots hinges on Co-incidences and
mischances
Close to nature, rural and country scenes
Characters are mostly ordinary men and women
living close to the soil
Minor rustics offer pithy humour
Wessex finds a prominent place in his works
31. Love is a possible strength in an
actual weakness
A man's silence is wonderful to
listen to
...our impulses are too strong for
our judgement sometimes
There is a condition worse than blindness, and that is, seeing
something that isn't there
No one can read with
profit that which he
cannot learn to read
with pleasure
The main object of religion is not
to get a man into heaven, but to
get heaven into him