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Introduction to the Graphics Pipeline of the PS3
- 1. Introduction to thegraphics pipeline of the PS3 Introduction to the graphics pipeline of the PS3 : : Cedric Perthuis: : Cedric Perthuis
- 2. IntroductionIntroduction An overview ofthe hardware architecture with a focus on the graphics pipeline, and an introduction to the related software APIs Aimed to be a high level overview for academics and game developers No announcement and no sneak previews of PS3 games in this presentation An overview of the hardware architecture with a focus on the graphics pipeline, and an introduction to the related software APIs Aimed to be a high level overview for academics and game developers No announcement and no sneak previews of PS3 games in this presentation
- 3. OutlineOutline Platform Overview Graphics Pipeline APIsand tools Cell Computing example Conclusion Platform Overview Graphics Pipeline APIs and tools Cell Computing example Conclusion
- 4. Platform overviewPlatform overview Processing 3.2GhzCell: PPU and 7 SPUs PPU: PowerPC based, 2 hardware threads SPUs: dedicated vector processing units RSX®: high end GPU Data flow IO: BluRay, HDD, USB, Memory Cards, GigaBit ethernet Memory: main 256 MB, video 256 MB SPUs, PPU and RSX® access main via shared bus RSX® pulls from main to video Processing 3.2Ghz Cell: PPU and 7 SPUs PPU: PowerPC based, 2 hardware threads SPUs: dedicated vector processing units RSX®: high end GPU Data flow IO: BluRay, HDD, USB, Memory Cards, GigaBit ethernet Memory: main 256 MB, video 256 MB SPUs, PPU and RSX® access main via shared bus RSX® pulls from main to video
- 5. PS3 ArchitecturePS3 Architecture Cell 3.2GHz RSX®XDRAM 256 MB I/O Bridge HD/HD SD AV out 20GB/s 25.6GB/s 15GB/s 2.5GB/s 2.5GB/s BD/DVD/CD ROM Drive 54GB USB 2.0 x 6 Gbit Ether/WiFi Removable Storage MemoryStick,SD,CF BT Controller GDDR3 256 MB 22.4GB/s
- 6. Focus on theCell SPUsFocus on the Cell SPUs The key strength of the PS3 Similar to PS2 Vector Units, but order of magnitude more powerful Main Memory Access via DMA: needs software cache to do generic processing Programmable in C/C++ or assembly Programs: standalone executables or jobs Ideal for sound, physics, graphics data preprocessing, or simply to offload the PPU The key strength of the PS3 Similar to PS2 Vector Units, but order of magnitude more powerful Main Memory Access via DMA: needs software cache to do generic processing Programmable in C/C++ or assembly Programs: standalone executables or jobs Ideal for sound, physics, graphics data preprocessing, or simply to offload the PPU
- 7. The Cell ProcessorTheCell Processor SPE0 LS (256KB) DMA SPE1 LS (256KB) DMA MIC Memory Interface Controller XIO SPE2 LS (256KB) DMA SPE3 LS (256KB) DMA SPE4 LS (256KB) DMA SPE5 LS (256KB) DMA SPE6 LS (256KB) DMA PPE L1 (32 KB I/D) L2 (512 KB) Flex- IO1 Flex- IO0 I/O I/O I/O
- 8. The RSX® GraphicsProcessorThe RSX® Graphics Processor Based on a high end NVidia chip Fully programmable pipeline: shader model 3.0 Floating point render targets Hardware anti-aliasing ( 2x, 4x ) 256 MB of dedicated video memory PULL from the main memory at 20 GB/s HD Ready (720p/1080p) 720p = 921 600 pixels 1080p = 2 073 600 pixels a high end GPU adapted to work with the Cell Processor and HD displays Based on a high end NVidia chip Fully programmable pipeline: shader model 3.0 Floating point render targets Hardware anti-aliasing ( 2x, 4x ) 256 MB of dedicated video memory PULL from the main memory at 20 GB/s HD Ready (720p/1080p) 720p = 921 600 pixels 1080p = 2 073 600 pixels a high end GPU adapted to work with the Cell Processor and HD displays
- 9. The RSX® parallelpipelineThe RSX® parallel pipeline Command processing Fifo of commands, flip and sync Texture management System or video memory storage mode, compression Vertex Processing Attribute fetch, vertex program Fragment Processing Zcull, Fragment program, ROP Command processing Fifo of commands, flip and sync Texture management System or video memory storage mode, compression Vertex Processing Attribute fetch, vertex program Fragment Processing Zcull, Fragment program, ROP
- 10. Particle system exampleon PS3 Hardware Particle system example on PS3 Hardware Objective: to update a particle system The PPU prepares the rendering schedule SPU jobs to compute batches of particles push RSX® commands to pull the VBO from the main memory make the render call The SPUs fill a VBO with positions, normals, etc receive a job compute particles properties DMA the result directly to VBO release RSX® semaphore fundamental hardware difference with other platforms: the SPUs are part of the pipeline Objective: to update a particle system The PPU prepares the rendering schedule SPU jobs to compute batches of particles push RSX® commands to pull the VBO from the main memory make the render call The SPUs fill a VBO with positions, normals, etc receive a job compute particles properties DMA the result directly to VBO release RSX® semaphore fundamental hardware difference with other platforms: the SPUs are part of the pipeline
- 11. API differences withthe PC approach API differences with the PC approach Pass-through driver no driver level optimization, no batching, no shader modification direct access to RSX® via memory mapped “registers” restricted to the system deferred access to RSX® via a fifo of commands system and user Pass-through driver no driver level optimization, no batching, no shader modification direct access to RSX® via memory mapped “registers” restricted to the system deferred access to RSX® via a fifo of commands system and user
- 12. PSGL: the highlevel graphics APIPSGL: the high level graphics API Needed a standard: practical and extensible the choice was OpenGL ES 1.0 Why not a subset of OpenGL ? Mainly needed conformance tests Benefits: pipeline state management Vertex arrays Texture management Bonus: Fixed pipeline Only ~20 entry points for fixed pipeline Fog, light, material, texenv Inconvenience: Fixed point functions No shaders: needed to be added Needed a standard: practical and extensible the choice was OpenGL ES 1.0 Why not a subset of OpenGL ? Mainly needed conformance tests Benefits: pipeline state management Vertex arrays Texture management Bonus: Fixed pipeline Only ~20 entry points for fixed pipeline Fog, light, material, texenv Inconvenience: Fixed point functions No shaders: needed to be added
- 13. PSGL: modern GPUextensionsPSGL: modern GPU extensions OpenGL ES 1.1OpenGL ES 1.1 VBOVBO FBOFBO PBOPBO Cube Map,Cube Map, texgentexgen Primitives:Primitives: Quads, Quads_stripsQuads, Quads_strips primitive restartprimitive restart InstancingInstancing Queries and ConditionalQueries and Conditional RenderingRendering More data typesMore data types ex: half_floatex: half_float Textures:Textures: Floating point texturesFloating point textures DXTDXT 3D3D non power of 2non power of 2 Anisotropic filtering,Anisotropic filtering, Min/Max LOD, LOD BiasMin/Max LOD, LOD Bias Depth texturesDepth textures Gamma correctionGamma correction Vertex TextureVertex Texture
- 14. PSGL: PS3 specificextensionsPSGL: PS3 specific extensions Synchronizations: Wait on or check GPU progress Make the GPU wait on another GPU event or on PPU Provide sync APIs for PPU and for SPU Memory usage hints For texture, VBO, PBO, render-targets PPU specific extensions: Embedded system: PPU usage needs to be limited, some extensions are added to decrease the PPU load for some existing features: Ex: Attribute set Synchronizations: Wait on or check GPU progress Make the GPU wait on another GPU event or on PPU Provide sync APIs for PPU and for SPU Memory usage hints For texture, VBO, PBO, render-targets PPU specific extensions: Embedded system: PPU usage needs to be limited, some extensions are added to decrease the PPU load for some existing features: Ex: Attribute set
- 15. Shading languageShading language CG:high level shader language Support Cg 1.5 PS3 specific compiler Mostly compatible with other languages like HLSL Tools: FX composer for PS3 CG: runtime Direct access to shader engine registers or via CG parameter shared and unshared parameters CG FX runtime: techniques, render states, textures CG: high level shader language Support Cg 1.5 PS3 specific compiler Mostly compatible with other languages like HLSL Tools: FX composer for PS3 CG: runtime Direct access to shader engine registers or via CG parameter shared and unshared parameters CG FX runtime: techniques, render states, textures
- 16. Performance analysisPerformance analysis PSGLHUD: runtime performance analyzer display global statistics and hardware counters explore objects in video and main memory explore individual draw calls profile graphics API calls PSGL HUD: runtime performance analyzer display global statistics and hardware counters explore objects in video and main memory explore individual draw calls profile graphics API calls
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- 21. Beyond High LevelAPIsBeyond High Level APIs A low level graphics API exists: proprietary small and simple let the user create and send command buffers deep knowledge of the RSX® internals needed to really take full advantage of it A low level graphics API exists: proprietary small and simple let the user create and send command buffers deep knowledge of the RSX® internals needed to really take full advantage of it
- 22. A leap forwardin graphicsA leap forward in graphics Gamer expectations have changed: Higher resolutions Deeper colors Larger and deeper environment More environmental and lighting effects Game console developer expectations have changed too Gamer expectations have changed: Higher resolutions Deeper colors Larger and deeper environment More environmental and lighting effects Game console developer expectations have changed too
- 23. Typical PS2 titlegraphics budgetTypical PS2 title graphics budget Assets 60 000 polygons 5 years old HW, at that time PC games were around 30 000 polys, it's only with GF3 that gamers started seeing 100 000 polys in games. compare to 480p FB: 1 poly for 4 pixels 10 MB of 8 bits or 4 bits textures Rendering Multi pass for lightmaps Multi pass for specular Projected shadow Assets 60 000 polygons 5 years old HW, at that time PC games were around 30 000 polys, it's only with GF3 that gamers started seeing 100 000 polys in games. compare to 480p FB: 1 poly for 4 pixels 10 MB of 8 bits or 4 bits textures Rendering Multi pass for lightmaps Multi pass for specular Projected shadow
- 24. Typical Next Gengraphics budgetTypical Next Gen graphics budget Assets 800 000 polygons : compare to 720p FB 150 MB of textures in video memory Rendering Z pass 2 shadow maps 1024x1024: blur color and lighting pass: diffuse, normal, specular, 4xAA Post effects: blooming, tone mapping,… Maximized Framebuffer Read/Write bandwidth 20 millions+ rasterized pixels Assets 800 000 polygons : compare to 720p FB 150 MB of textures in video memory Rendering Z pass 2 shadow maps 1024x1024: blur color and lighting pass: diffuse, normal, specular, 4xAA Post effects: blooming, tone mapping,… Maximized Framebuffer Read/Write bandwidth 20 millions+ rasterized pixels
- 25. Example of intensivecomputing and visualization on PS3 Example of intensive computing and visualization on PS3 Cure@PS3 Project Folding @ home : provides a PC client PS3 client created in few months by SCE presented at the Game Convention 2006 in Leipzig intensive computing application for PS3 maximize SPU processing PPU schedules jobs visualization on PS3 Arbitrary complex molecule rendering challenge Geometries generated in the fragment program PSGL MRTs Cure@PS3 Project Folding @ home : provides a PC client PS3 client created in few months by SCE presented at the Game Convention 2006 in Leipzig intensive computing application for PS3 maximize SPU processing PPU schedules jobs visualization on PS3 Arbitrary complex molecule rendering challenge Geometries generated in the fragment program PSGL MRTs
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- 27. Cure@PS3: protein +waterCure@PS3: protein + water
- 28. Cure@PS3 : whatif...Cure@PS3 : what if... What if it became a PS3 screensaver ? Running on 1% of the PS3 sold during the 1st month Estimation: x2 the current Folding @ home computing power of 210 T flops Up to 20 times faster than a PC What if it became a PS3 screensaver ? Running on 1% of the PS3 sold during the 1st month Estimation: x2 the current Folding @ home computing power of 210 T flops Up to 20 times faster than a PC
- 29. ConclusionConclusion Thank you forattending Questions ? Cedric_Perthuis @ playstation.sony.com Thank you for attending Questions ? Cedric_Perthuis @ playstation.sony.com