Introduction to psychiatry definitive
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This document provides an introduction to psychiatry, discussing Sigmund Freud's concepts of the psychic apparatus including the id, ego, and superego. It briefly mentions puerperal psychosis, describing it as a type of psychosis that can occur after birth and before the first month, with symptoms such as hallucinations, voices, delusions, and ideas of demonic possession, and notes the mother may abandon her family or the child could be endangered. Examples of neurosis include phobias and anxiety disorders, while psychosis examples given are schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Introduction to psychiatry
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Ancient cultures believed mental illness was caused by evil spirits and treated it by trepanning, or drilling holes in the skull. Hippocrates proposed it was caused by imbalances in bodily fluids. In the Middle Ages, the mentally ill were often considered witches. Psychopathology is the study of abnormal behavior, including patterns causing distress, harm to others, or impaired functioning. Abnormality is defined statistically, as deviant from social norms, by subjective discomfort, or as maladaptive. Biological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychoanalytic theories offer explanations of abnormal behavior and mental disorders.
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The document discusses the history and types of neurosis. It notes that neurosis was coined by William Cullen to refer to nervous disorders without clear organic causes. Freud saw neurosis as involving conflicts within oneself. The document outlines the main types of neurosis as anxiety, somatoform, dissociation, and depression. It provides details on the symptoms and characteristics of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms without physiological causes, like somatization disorder. Dissociative disorders involve disconnecting from one's environment or self, and dissociative identity disorder was previously called multiple personality disorder.
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The document discusses psychopathology and its treatments. It defines psychopathology as the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction. There are four main perspectives on the causes of psychopathologies: biomedical (physical factors), psychodynamic (unconscious psychological conflicts), behavioral (maladaptive learning), and diathesis-stress (genetic predisposition and stress). Treatments include biological therapies like medication administered by psychiatrists, and psychotherapies including psychoanalysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, and others. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) provides a standardized classification system for mental disorders.
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This document discusses definitions of mental disorders and outlines three main approaches: deviance from social norms, difficulty adapting to life, and experience of personal distress. It notes advantages and limitations of each approach. The document also describes levels of severity from normal to mild, moderate and more severe disorders using examples of emotions, cognitions and behaviors related to difficulties with school grades. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the history of abnormal psychology from ancient times to the present and defines types of prevention for mental disorders. Finally, the document discusses concepts of stigma, including self-stigma and public stigma, and provides examples of stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination related to mental illness.
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This document defines and summarizes neurosis. It begins by defining neurosis as a mental disorder that causes distress and deficits in functioning, without a loss of contact with reality as in psychosis. The document then outlines the history of the term neurosis and classifications of neuroses. It discusses causes as unresolved anxiety, obsessive thoughts, and social or interpersonal maladjustment. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, anger and cognitive problems. Treatments mentioned are hypnotic drugs, psychotherapy, psychotropic drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. It concludes that neurosis results from conflicts between unconscious and pre-conscious states of mind.
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This presentation provides an overview of several major psychological disorders including their characteristics and suspected causal factors. It discusses the criteria for determining abnormal behavior and classifying disorders according to the DSM-IV. Specific disorders covered include anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. For each the major characteristics and potential causal factors are summarized.
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Terminologies in psychiatry and classification of mental disorders
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Prom
This document discusses premature rupture of membranes (PROM), which is the spontaneous rupture of membranes before the onset of labor. It defines PROM as occurring beyond 28 weeks of gestation but before labor, and preterm PROM (PPROM) as occurring between 28-37 weeks.
The document outlines the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of PROM depending on gestational age. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including speculum exam, and tests like nitrazine, ferning, fetal fibronectin, and ultrasound. Management often involves expectant monitoring, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and tocolytics to prolong the pregnancy if it is prior to 34 weeks. The goals are
Theory of Mind - Seminar presentation
The document discusses theory of mind, including:
1) Defining theory of mind as the ability to infer mental states like beliefs, desires, intentions in oneself and others and understand they may differ.
2) The two main theories of how theory of mind develops are the theory-theory, which proposes it is based on learned folk psychology, and simulation theory, which suggests imagining oneself in another's perspective.
3) Theory of mind develops through childhood, starting with imitation and joint attention, then understanding knowledge, beliefs, and later false beliefs around ages 3-5. Neuroimaging research implicates temporal pole, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus in theory of mind.
Preterm Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PPROM)
Preterm Premature Rupture Of Membranes
Block 4.3 Life Cycle III (Obstetrics Week)
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Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Postpartum psychiatric disorder
This document discusses three postpartum psychiatric disorders: postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Postpartum blues occurs within the first few weeks after delivery and involves mood lability and irritability but does not impair function. Postpartum depression occurs within the first three months and includes depressed mood and feelings of worthlessness that do impair function. Postpartum psychosis has an onset within 72 hours of delivery and is characterized by rapidly shifting mood, delusions, and hallucinations that can instruct harm, severely impairing function. Risk factors include hormonal changes, life stressors, previous psychiatric episodes, depression during pregnancy, and history of mood disorders.
10.Preterm Rupture Of The Membranes
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is defined as spontaneous rupture of membranes prior to the onset of labor. PROM carries high risks of infection and sepsis and can lead to oligohydramnios. Diagnosis is based on history and testing fluid samples. Management depends on gestational age - if after 36 weeks labor is induced, if earlier conservative management is used to continue the pregnancy while monitoring for infection until the lungs are mature.
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (P-PROM) NICE guideline November 2015
This document provides guidelines for diagnosing and treating preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (P-PROM). It recommends performing a speculum exam to check for pooling of amniotic fluid, and if none is seen, conducting tests of vaginal fluid such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 or placental alpha-microglobulin-1. For treatment, it recommends a course of oral erythromycin or penicillin antibiotics. It also provides guidance on identifying intrauterine infection using a combination of clinical assessment, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and cardiotocography.
Preterm Labour and Premature Rupture of Membranes Mob: 7289915430, www.drprad...
The document summarizes information on preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. It defines preterm labor as regular contractions before 37 weeks of gestation that are associated with cervical changes. It notes the incidence of preterm labor is 8-10% and discusses definitions, magnitude, causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, biological markers, cervical length screening, infections associated with preterm labor, and treatments including tocolytics and antenatal corticosteroids.
Pprom & prom
PPROM refers to rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of pregnancy, while PROM occurs at or after 37 weeks but before the onset of labor. PPROM and PROM are associated with risks like cord prolapse, maternal and neonatal infection, and 40% of preterm deliveries. Diagnosis involves history of fluid leakage and examination finding a smaller uterus and pooling of fluid in the vagina. Management of PPROM includes antibiotics and steroids to reduce infection rates while PROM may allow labor or require induction depending on presence of meconium. Chorioamnionitis is a maternal infection following rupture that requires delivery and IV antibiotics.
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Psychiatry- Classification of Mental Disorders, Symtoms and Treatment
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Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (P-PROM) NICE guideline November 2015
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (P-PROM) NICE guideline November 2015
Preterm Labour and Premature Rupture of Membranes Mob: 7289915430, www.drprad...
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Similar to Introduction to psychiatry definitive
Theories of Personality
The document summarizes several major theories of personality including psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It provides an overview of Freud's psychoanalytic concepts including the id, ego, superego, and defense mechanisms. It also discusses Carl Jung's contributions and revisions to psychoanalytic theory. For humanistic theory, it outlines Rogers' concept of self-concept and Maslow's hierarchy of needs which positions self-actualization at the top level of human motivation.
Freud's Psychoanalysis Show
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and proposed that the mind is composed of the id, ego, and superego. He believed human development occurs through psychosexual stages where the source of pleasure shifts from oral to anal to phallic stages. His theories focused on the unconscious mind and how repressed desires influence behavior. Freud's work revolutionized the field of psychology and understanding of human development.
Notes psychological disorders
The document discusses psychological disorders and provides information about several types of disorders:
1) It describes obsessive-compulsive disorder and gives an example of someone diagnosed with it.
2) It discusses different approaches to understanding psychological disorders such as the medical model and biopsychosocial approach.
3) It summarizes several types of psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and mood disorders.
Lecture 2 freud
Basic Introduction to Freud in an Introduction to Counselling Level 4 course at NUC Newham College London
Hum2250 the analytical life of sigmund freud
Freud was an Austrian psychologist who founded psychoanalysis. He developed theories about the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious minds. Freud proposed that much of our adult behavior and personality develops from our early childhood experiences and relationships, especially with parents. He is known for discovering the Oedipus complex and developing theories of psychosexual development. Freud used psychoanalysis, involving free association and analysis of dreams, to treat patients and uncover repressed desires, memories, and motivations in the subconscious mind. His work had a major influence on Western thought and culture.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions included his theories of the conscious, unconscious and preconscious mind; the id, ego and superego model of personality; psychosexual development and the Oedipus complex; defense mechanisms; and the life and death instincts. Freud believed that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences highly influence behavior and psychopathology. He pioneered the use of techniques including free association, dream interpretation, and psychoanalysis. Though some of Freud's theories are no longer considered scientifically valid, he had a massive influence on 20th century psychology and culture.
Chapter 2 - psychoanalysisSigmund FreudBorn 1856 – Wha.docx
Chapter 2 - psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Born 1856 – What was going on in the united states?
Franklin Pierce was president of the U.S.
The Civil War in the United States was still a few years away (1861).
A lot of people die in Kansas over slavery.
500 Mormons leave Iowa City, headed for Salt Lake City.
Early life
Born in Moravia in Czechoslovakia in 1856 to a Jewish family
Had a very loving and protective mother; stern and authoritarian father (20 years older than his mother).
His father was a widower. From his father’s first marriage he had two elder brothers, one of which had a son Sigmund’s age. So… Sigmund was born an uncle.
Freud and his family moved to Vienna when he was four years of age. He stayed there close to 80 years, moving only when the Nazi party took power in 1938.
Freud was the oldest of his five siblings and given preferential treatment.
He had dreams of becoming a general or lawyer, but because he was a Jew he couldn’t.
He began medical studies at the University of Vienna and graduated 8 yrs. later.
Professional life
He established a practice as a clinical neurologist in 1881.
Freud made notable contributions to research. Developing a method to of staining cells for microscopic study.
As a physician, he explored the anesthetic properties of cocaine.
In his private practice Freud focused on the study of neurosis (emotional disturbances.)
He released Interpretation of Dreams in 1900.
There was a group of doctors who worked in Vienna that would hang out and talk: Jung, Adler, Jones, Brill, Sandor.
Origins of psychoanalysis
On his return from France, Freud became influenced by a Viennese physician and friend, Joseph Breuer.
Psychoanalysis began with the case history of Joseph Breuer’s patient, Anna O.
Psychoanalysis - A treatment approach based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may be the source of considerable distress and unhappiness, and other troubling personality traits.
Anna O. experienced what is now know as conversion disorder (called hysteria at the time)
Breuer used hypnosis and “talking method”
After talking about her father’s illness and death, Anna experienced catharsis (emotional release), and her symptoms were relieved.
She became very attached to Dr. Breuer causing problems with his wife… she offered him a phantom pregnancy as her last symptom.
Freud starts working more on his own…
Freud used the “talking method” to assist his patients in remembering past traumatic events first through hypnosis, but later abandoned this technique when he realized that not all patients could be hypnotized.
Unconscious processes (forces unaware to the person)
Resistance: force that prevents the patient from becoming aware of events and keeps them in the unconscious – not allowing painful memories into consciousness… no ill effects
Repression: blocking of a wish or desire (strong emotions evoked fr ...
PSYCHOANALYSIS.pptx
1. The document discusses two dominant approaches in social sciences: psychoanalysis and rational choice.
2. It provides an overview of psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, which views human nature as deterministic and motivated by unconscious desires for pleasure and avoidance of pain.
3. Freud believed the psyche is composed of the id, ego, and superego, which operate on different principles and levels of consciousness.
Sigmund Freud's Personality Theory
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis. He realized early relationships significantly impact development. His work focused on studying neurosis and hysteria. Freud proposed the psyche contains unconscious, preconscious, and conscious aspects. He described the id, ego, and superego that interact according to pleasure and reality principles. Freud believed early psychosexual stages like oral and anal shape personality if unresolved. He developed techniques like free association, dream analysis, and transference to understand the unconscious mind.
Freud v.2
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions included his theories of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious minds; the hydraulic model of psychological energy; psychosexual development and the Oedipus complex; and defense mechanisms. He proposed that unconscious drives and desires shape conscious thoughts and behavior. Freud also developed theories around the id, ego, and superego; life and death instincts; and the influence of art on the unconscious mind. While influential, many of Freud's theories are no longer considered scientifically valid.
Sigmund Freud sex theory .pptx
This document provides a summary of Sigmund Freud and his work developing psychoanalysis. It discusses that Freud was an Austrian neurologist born in 1856 who founded psychoanalysis, creating a new approach to understanding personality. Freud began studying medicine in 1873 and qualified as a doctor in 1881, later working with Jean Charcot in Paris. In 1897 he began analyzing himself and in 1900 published his major work "The Interpretation of Dreams" analyzing dreams in terms of unconscious desires. Freud developed theories of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development through childhood, and the id, ego and superego components of personality. His work revolutionized understandings of human psychology and behavior.
AS Psychodynamic approach abnormality
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis. He lived from 1856 to 1939, originally practicing as a doctor in Vienna but later leaving for London after the Nazi takeover of Austria. Freud's psychodynamic theory proposed that unconscious drives and desires shape conscious behavior and personality. He suggested the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego, and that unconscious conflicts between these lead to neurosis. Freud believed childhood experiences, especially in the psychosexual stages, could impact adult personality and behavior.
Schizophrenia (Psychotic condition)
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder. People with this disorder experience distortions of reality, often experiencing delusions or hallucinations.
The exact cause of schizophrenia isn't known, but a combination of genetics, environment and altered brain chemistry and structure may play a role.
Schizophrenia is characterised by thoughts or experiences that seem out of touch with reality, disorganised speech or behaviour and decreased participation in daily activities. Difficulty with concentration and memory may also be present.
Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications, psychotherapy and coordinated speciality care services.
PSIKOLOGI KAUNSELING teori teori klasik dalam kaunseling - frued, jung adler
1. Freudian psychoanalytic theory proposes that human behavior and personality are determined by dynamics of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences. It focuses on the id, ego, and superego, and defense mechanisms used to reduce anxiety.
2. Alfred Adler expanded on psychoanalysis with his individual psychology theory, prioritizing social interest and relationships. He believed people develop an inferiority complex and mistaken views of themselves and the world.
3. Both theories use psychotherapy approaches. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through free association and interpretation. Adlerian therapy addresses lifestyle goals and encourages social interest through a collaborative relationship.
Freud & Psycoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions include his theory of the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior, as well as developing therapeutic techniques like psychoanalysis. He proposed that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego and proposed psychosexual stages of development from infancy to adulthood. Freud explored human behavior and psychopathology and developed clinical techniques like free association and dream analysis to treat mental illness.
Freud & Psycoanalysis Therapy
Sigmund Freud was a pioneering psychologist who developed psychoanalytic theory and established the field of psychoanalysis. Some of Freud's key concepts include his structural model of the mind consisting of the id, ego, and superego; his theory of psychosexual development; and his view that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences influence behavior. Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than previous thinkers and influenced fields like psychology, literature, and child-rearing. Psychoanalysis aims to make the unconscious conscious through free association and analysis of dreams and resistance during therapy sessions.
Sigmund Freud-Psychoanalytical theory
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. He is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanisms. Freud believed that unconscious desires and motivations determined behavior. He proposed that personality develops through psychosexual stages in childhood and proposed defense mechanisms help manage anxiety from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Freud developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique using free association and dream analysis to reveal the unconscious.
Schizophrenic
Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder characterized by incorrect perceptions of reality and a combination of hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. It typically develops in a person's 20s and can include symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms. While the exact causes are unknown, it is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. Treatment involves lifelong medication and psychosocial therapy to manage symptoms.
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a method of investigating the unconscious mind to understand mental disorders. It was developed in 1906 and focuses on relationships between conscious and unconscious thoughts. The goal is to make patients aware of unconscious material so they can recover from psychopathology. Psychoanalysis views development as determined by early childhood events and behavior as influenced by irrational drives. Sigmund Freud developed theories of the unconscious mind, id/ego/super-ego structure of personality, and psychosexual developmental stages from oral to genital. Psychoanalytic therapy explores how the unconscious influences thoughts and behaviors. Criticisms include small sample sizes and difficulties testing theories.
Psycho analysis
Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th/early 20th century. It views the mind as comprising the id, ego, and superego, and proposes that early childhood experiences, especially relating to sexuality and pleasure, shape adult personality. Psychoanalytic techniques aim to bring unconscious thoughts and desires into awareness in order to gain insight. However, Freud's theories have been criticized for lacking scientific rigor and for overemphasizing sexuality.
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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