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Introduction to Physical Science Lesson 1.pptx
- 2. What is PhysicalScience? Physical Sciences are those disciplines that study natural sciences, dealing with nonliving materials. Areas of coverage includes physics, chemistry, earth science, geology, space science, astronomy, materials science, etc.
- 3. Why do weneed to study Physical Science? It helps us understand the natural world around us, from the behavior of matter and energy to the forces and interactions that shape our universe. Physical science also forms the foundation for many other scientific disciplines, such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.
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- 20. Evolution of Stars andthe Formation of Heavier Elements
- 21. •Star formation theorystates that stars are formed when a dense region of molecular cloud collapses. During this process, fragments of clouds contract and form a stellar core known as protostar. The contraction and gravitational force of the protostar result in an increase in temperature which triggers nuclear reaction within the star upon reaching 10 million Kelvin.
- 22. •Throughout the reaction, neutrinosand positrons are released, slowing down the reaction. Once the contraction stops and the protostar attains its gravitational equilibrium, a main sequence star will be formed.
- 23. •In the coreof a main sequence star, hydrogen fuses with helium through proton-proton chain. In addition, the gravitational force of a main sequence star forces hydrogen and helium to fuse resulting to burning of two primordial elements.
- 24. •Furthermore, at thisstage, helium is converted to carbon at the core while hydrogen is converted into helium surrounding the core which denotes the formation of red giant.
- 25. •On the otherhand, since massive stars possess enough energy, mass, temperature, and pressure, the star will undergo a series of stages where heavier elements are fused around the shell of the core
- 26. •whereas carbon willbe formed through helium fusion, neon will be formed through oxygen fusion, magnesium from neon fusion, silicon from magnesium fusion, and iron from silicon fusion which denotes the formation of red giant.
- 28. •The first 3minutes of Big Bang focused primarily on the expansion and cooling of universe so as to the synthesis of the first three elements. On the other hand, the second cosmological event is Stellar nucleosynthesis.
- 29. •It is aprocess in which heavier elements such as Beryllium, and Iron were formed by combining protons and neutrons from the nuclei of a lighter elements.
- 30. •Moreover, under theprocess of stellar nucleosynthesis, heavier elements are created in different types of stars as they die or explode and the abundance of these elements change as the stars evolve.
- 31. •The process toform heavier elements from lighter ones, but not heavier than Iron with atomic mass of 26.
- 32. •Lastly, supernova happens whenthe core can no longer produce the needed energy to resist gravitational force, leading to its explosion and release of large amounts of energy.
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- 35. •The identity ofan element depends on how many proton it has.
- 36. •The light elements hydrogen,helium, lithium and beryllium were the very first to form.
- 37. •Nucleosynthesis combines nucleons to formnew elements.
- 38. •Big Bang isNOT an explosion but rather an expansion.
- 39. •As the universe expands,it cools.
- 40. •Mass can be converted intoenergy.
- 41. •The higher theenergy of the particles in an object are, the higher the temperature of that object.
- 42. PERFORMANCE TASK: ½ crosswise 1.Why do we need to study Physical Science? 2. How did heavier elements form?