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PS-Week-1-Origin-of-the-Universe-Part-1.pptx
- 1. PHYSICAL SCIENCE QUARTER 3: WEEK 1 Elements, Atoms, and Their History
- 2. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. involves three sciences: Astronomy, Chemistry, and Physics. PHYSICAL SCIENCE
- 3. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY Astronomy: celestial bodies and the universe as a whole Chemistry: composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter Physics: matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature PHYSICAL SCIENCE
- 4. How did the existence of everything started?
- 5. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY a branch of astronomy study on the origin and evolution of the universe COSMOLOGY
- 6. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY THREE COSMIC STAGES light elements Hydrogen (H), Helium (He) and Lithium (Li) were formed 01 BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS heavier elements Beryllium (Be) to Iron (Fe) were formed 02 STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION elements heavier than Iron (Fe) were formed 03 STELLAR EXPLOSION OR SUPERNOVA
- 7. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY The Big Bang Theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Our universe sprang into existence as “singularity” around 13.7 billion years ago. THE BIG BANG THEORY
- 8. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG Arrange the following events to form the right sequences of the events of the Big Bang theory. Nucleosynthesis Recombination Singularity Inflation Continuously Expanding Annihilation 1 2 4 3 5 6
- 9. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 01 SINGULARITY A point in space and/or a moment in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense, approximately 1 cm in diameter. 02 INFLATION The stage wherein it theorized an exponential expansion of space in the early universe which lasted from 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟔 second.
- 10. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 03 ANNIHILATION A reaction in which a particle and its antiparticle collide and disappear, releasing energy.
- 11. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 04 NUCLEOSYNTHESIS It refers to the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primary protons and neutrons. As the universe cools (low temperature), protons and neutrons can fuse (combine) to form heavier atomic nuclei.
- 12. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 04 NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
- 13. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 05 RECOMBINATION An epoch (event) at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms.
- 14. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG 06 CONTINUOUSLY EXPANDING Gravity caused these atoms to collapse onto one another to form stars and galaxies and other matter.
- 15. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION Cloud of hydrogen and helium gases condensed to form stars, including the sun. Then stars became hotter and denser and nuclear reactions continued to produce heavier elements than lithium (Li).
- 16. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY STAGES OF THE BIG BANG STELLAR EXPLOSION OR SUPERNOVA As giant stars exhausted the nuclear fuel of light elements, its core started to collapse that eventually led to the explosion of stars (supernova) producing neutron capture and radioactive decay.
- 17. LIFE CYCLE OF STARS
- 18. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY EVIDENCES OF THE BIG BANG REDSHIFT A redshift is a displacement (shift) of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum) in radiation from distant galaxies and celestial objects. They shift as they are moving away from an observer on Earth.
- 19. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY EVIDENCES OF THE BIG BANG REDSHIFT
- 20. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY EVIDENCES OF THE BIG BANG COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND CMB is an electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage of the universe on Big Bang cosmology.
- 21. PHYSICAL SCIENCE : ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND THEIR HISTORY
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- There is no space around the singularity. Space itself expanded faster than a speed of light.
- In this still hot and dense mass of the universe, pairs of matter and antimatter (quarks and antiquarks were formed from energy, but these cancelled each other back into energy (annihilation)
- With more massive stars burning through their fuel more quickly. In the core of a red giant or supergiant, helium fusion begins. Helium atoms fuse to form heavier elements such as carbon and oxygen.
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