Sustainable Tourism

1. SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM

2. PRINCIPLES OF
SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM

3. Sustainable tourism should
not be regarded as a separate
component of tourism, as a set
of niche products, but rather as
a condition of the tourism
sector as a whole,which should
work to become more
sustainable.

4. According to the
UNESCO (n.d.) the
principles of
sustainable tourism
are the following:

5. 1. Ecologically sustainable
Make optimal use of
environmental resources that
constitute a key element in
tourism development,
maintaining essential ecological
processes and helping to conserve
natural heritage and biodiversity.

6. 2. Economically viableEnsure
viable, long-term economic
operations, providing socio-economic
benefits to all stakeholders that are
fairly distributed, including stable
employment and income-earning
opportunities and social services to
host communities, and contributing
to poverty alleviation.

7. 3. Ethically and socially equitable
Respect the socio-cultural
authenticity of host communities,
conserve their built and living
cultural heritage and traditional
values, and contribute to inter-
cultural understanding and
tolerance.

8. Three key components of
Sustainable tourism
(International
Ecotourism Society,
2004):

10. 1. Environmentally the activity has
a low impact on natural resources,
particularly in protected areas. It
minimizes damage to the
environment (flora, fauna, habitats,
water, living marine resources,
energy use, contamination, etc.) and
ideally tries to benefit the
environment.

11. 2. Socially and culturally the activity
does not harm the social structure or
culture of the community where it is
located. Instead, it respects local
cultures and traditions. It involves
stakeholders (individuals, communities,
tour operators, government institutions)
in all phases of planning, development,
and monitoring, and educates
stakeholders about their roles.

12. 3. Economically it contributes to the
economic wellbeing of the community,
generating sustainable and equitable
income for local communities and as
many other stakeholders as possible.
It benefits owners, employees and
neighbors. It does not simply begin
and then rapidly die because of poor
business practices.

13. HISTORY OF
SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
CONCEPT

14. 1948 The International Union for the
Protection of Nature is founded.
1954 Harrison Brown publishes The
Challenge of Man’s Future
1961 The World Wildlife Fund, now
the WorldWide Fund for Nature was
established

15. 1962 Rachel Carson publishes which
discusses the interconnections Silent
Spring, between the environment, the
economy, and social wellbeing.
1968 The Club of Rome is established.
1969 Friends of the Earth forms as a non-
profit advocacy organization dedicated to
protecting the planet from environmental
degradation.

16. 1970 The First Earth Day is proclaimed in
San Francisco.
1971 The Founex Report on Development
and Environment calls for integration of
environment and development strategies.
1972 The UN Conference on the Human
Environment is held in Stockholm.

17. 1973 Young published the Tourism:
Blessing or Blight which drew attention to
the negative impacts of tourism.
1980 IUCN published the (WCS). World
Conservation Strategy
1982 The UN approved the World Charter
for Nature.

18. 1987 The World Commission on Environment and
Development publishes Our Common Future, also
known as the Brundtland Report
1988 The UNWTO defines sustainable tourism as “…the
management of all resources in such a way that
economic, social, aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while
maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, biological diversity, and life support systems.
1989 Barbier, Markandya, and Pearce published the
where Blueprint for a Green Economy they argued for
placing a greater value on the environment in relation
to economic growth.

19. 1991 Wood and House published The Good Tourist
which tried to influence tourists’ behaviour by making
them aware of the potential negative impacts of tourism.
1992 The UN Conference on Environment and
Development is held in Rio de Janeiro; agreements were
reached on Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological
Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate
Change, and non-binding Forest Principles.
1993 UNEP and the International Council for Local
Environmental Initiatives published the “Tourism and
Local Agenda 21: The Role of Local Authorities in
Sustainable Tourism.”

20. 1994 Turner et al. presented a sustainability
spectrum, ranging from very weak to very
strong sustainability positions.
1995 The WTO holds the World Conference on
Sustainable Tourism in Lanzarote, Canary
Islands, Spain.
1996 The UN publishes A Practical Guide for
the Development and Application of
Indicators of Sustainable Tourism.

21. 1997 Delegates to the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change signed the Kyoto Protocol,
which commits developed nations to reducing
overall emissions of several greenhouse gases and
mechanisms to encourage the North-South
cooperation on emissions reduction.
1998 The UNWTO published the Guide for Local
Authorities on Developing Sustainable Tourism.
1999 The UNWTO published the Global Codes of
Ethic for Tourism.

22. 2000 The UN Millennium Summit shifted the focus
of development to poverty and multiple
deprivations.
2001 In the Biological Diversity and Sustainable
Tourism, the Convention on Biological Diversity,
UNEP and the UNWTO recognize that tourism
being a biodiversitydependent industry needs to be
committed to protecting the diversity of life on
Earth.
2002 The World Summit on Sustainable
Development in Johannesburg marks the tenth

23. 2003 The WTO issued the Djerba (Tunisia) Declatration on
Tourism and Climate Change where the organization called on
tourism organizations at all levels to address and adapt to
climate change.
2003 UNEP and the International Center for Local
Environmental Initiatives publish the Tourism and Local
Agenda 21: The Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable
Tourism. The UNWTO published the Cooperation and
Partnerships in Tourism: A Global Perspective.
2004 Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism
Destinations: A Guidebook (2004) is the result of an extensive
study on indicator initiatives worldwide, involving 62 experts
from more than 20 countries.

24. 2005 UNWTO and UNEP published
Making Tourism More Sustainable – A
Guide for Policy Makers.
2006 Al Gore published An Inconvenient
Truth: The Planetary Emergency of
Global Warming and What We can Do
About it.
2008 Climate Change and Tourism –

25. 2012 The UN Conference on Sustainable Development
gathers in Rio de Janeiro to mark the 20 anniversary of
the 1992 Rio Synnut.
2013 The UN proposes a Global Action Programme on
Education for Sustainable Development After 2014 in
response to the UN resolution made during the UN
Conference on Sustainable Development in June 2012 in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
2014 The 2014 UNESCO World Conference on
Education for Sustainable Development in Aichi-Nagoya
marked the end of the UN Decade of ESD and saw the
launch of the Globval Action Programme on ESD.

26. 2015 The year 2015
marked the deadline
for achieving the
MDGs formulated in
2000

27. 17
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS

29. The Rationale for
Sustainable
Tourism

30. 1. Sustainable tourism encourages an
understanding of the impacts of tourism
on the natural, cultural and human
environments.
2. Sustainable tourism ensures a fair
distribution of benefits and costs.
3. Tourism generates local employment,
both directly in the tourism sector, and in
various support and resources
management sectors.

31. 4. Tourism stimulates profitable domestic
industries – hotels and other lodging facilities,
restaurants and other food services,
transportation systems, handicrafts, and
guide services.
5. Tourism generates foreign exchange for the
country, and injects capital and new money
into the local economy.
6. Tourism diversifies the local economy,
particularly in rural areas where agricultural
employment may be sporadic or insufficient

32. 7. Sustainable tourism seeks decision-making
among all segments of the society, including local
populations, so that tourism and other resource
users can coexist.
8. Tourism stimulates improvements to local
transportation, communications and other basic
community infrastructures.
9. Tourism creates recreational facilities which can
be used by local communities as well as domestic
and international visitors. It also encourages and
helps pay for preservation of archaeological sites,
and historic buildings and districts.

33. 10. Nature tourism encourages
productive use of lands which are
marginal for agriculture, enabling large
tracts to remain covered in natural
vegetation.
11. Cultural tourism enhance local
community esteem and provides the
opportunity for greater understanding
and communication among peoples of
diverse backgrounds

34. 12. Environmentally sustainable
tourism demonstrates the importance
of natural and cultural resources to a
community’s economic and social
wellbeing and can help to preserve
them.
13. Sustainable tourism monitors,
assesses, and manages the impacts of
tourism, develops reliable methods of
environmental accountability, and

35. ASSESSMEN
T:
1 whole yellow

36. Answer the following questions concisely.
1. Explain the importance of studying
sustainable tourism.
2. Among the 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG), which top three goals have
to be prioritized first? Why?
3. Why is sustainable tourism an integral
part to the development of a country’s
cultural, economical and societal growth?