INTRODUCTION TO LIPIDS
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The document defines lipids as organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives that are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents. It classifies lipids into three main categories: simple lipids, compound lipids, and derived lipids. Simple lipids include oils, fats, and waxes and contain only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Compound lipids also contain phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur. Derived lipids are substances derived from simple and compound lipids through hydrolysis, such as fatty acids, alcohols, and steroids. The document provides examples and descriptions of lipid subclasses within each main category.
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2. Quality control procedures are important to maintain precision and accuracy of results. Standards should be prepared and tested with each batch to check if instrument conditions and test performance are satisfactory.
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1. LIPIDS.
2. PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS.
3. FATTY ACIDS.
4. USES AND CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS.
5. STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS: A class of lipid that is a key component of all cell membranes, as they can form lipid biomarkers. Composition: It is composed of phospholipids. i. Glycerol: one molecule ii. Fatty acids: Two molecules. iii. Phosphoric acid: one molecule. When a nitrogen-containing phospholipid group is attached to the end of the phospholipid, it is called phosphatidylcholine. Phospholipids consist of two parts i) Chapter: The head is polar in nature, soluble in water (hydrophilic). n) Tails: Nature has a non-polar tail, insoluble in water (hydrophobic).
Washes: Wax lipids are derived. Wax is a fatty acid ester and chronic alcohol: The wax is composed of i) a long-chain fatty acid ... one molecules ii) long-chain alcohol with one hydroxyl group (-OH), i.e. Cylinder wax is hydrophobic in nature. They have a high melting point, solid at room temperature. it gives stability and declines. On the surfaces of parts of plants, e.g. The leaves and fruits produce a waterproof layer, reducing the rate of perspiration. Wax is also a layer of wax that covers the bodies of animals, e.g., slime, insects, etc.
STEROIDS: Steroids fall under the lipid categories: Steroids are derived from lipid composition: proper arrangement of 3 cyclohexyl rings and 1 cyclopentane ring, a total of 17 carbon atoms in four carbon rings. Steroids do not contain alcohol and fatty acids.
Steroids Examples of steroids: i) Cholesterol: an important factor in animal cells. The precursor of all hormonal molecules such as aldosterone, sex hormone, and vitamin D ii) Aldosterone helps regulate Na+ions in the blood iii) Sex hormones e.g. testosterone, progesterone, and estrogens help to preserve the characteristics of males and females.
TERPENOIDES: It contains a very different class of organic compounds. Terpenoids are lipid derivatives, soluble in fat and soluble in water. Don't use molecule acids like fats. Composite units which they call isoprenoid or isoprenes. Isoprene unit: Hydrocarbon containing five carbon atoms with a branched-chain structure. Isoprene units bind to each other through the condensation process resulting in different types of compounds, e.g. Carotenoids, terpenes, and rubbers, etc.
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LIPIDS
This document provides information about lipids. It defines lipids as a broad group of molecules including fats, waxes, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. The main sources of lipids are oils, ghee and butter. Lipids are located in membranes, blood, liver, and adipose tissue. There are three main types of lipids: simple lipids like fats and oils made of fatty acids and glycerol; compound lipids containing additional components like phospholipids; and derived lipids which are products of hydrolysis like fatty acids. Fatty acids are the basic units of fat composed of carbon chains with an acid group and hydrogen atoms. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more
Lipids : classification and types
I. Lipids provide stored energy in the form of triacylglycerols and participate in cell membranes as phospholipids. They are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.
II. The main types of lipids include fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sterols, and derived lipids produced from hydrolysis.
III. Phospholipids are important structural components of cell membranes and contain a phosphate group. Sterols include cholesterol and are amphipathic with a polar hydroxyl group.
Lipids
This document provides information about lipids and fatty acids. It begins with an outline of chapter topics on the chemistry and classification of lipids. It then defines lipids and lists their main functions in the body. Lipids are classified as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. Key reactions for lipids include hydrolysis. Fatty acids are classified based on saturation and chain length. Essential fatty acids, which must be obtained through diet, are discussed. Neutral fats are described as triacylglycerols composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
Chemistry of lipids ii
This document provides information about lipids and fatty acids. It begins by defining lipids and listing their main functions in the body. It then classifies lipids as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. The document further describes the chemistry and classification of fatty acids, including saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It also discusses the nomenclature and isomerism of fatty acids. The key reactions of triacylglycerols are described.
Chemistry of lipids
This document discusses lipids and fatty acids. It defines lipids and lists their main functions. Lipids are classified as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. Fatty acids are described, including their chemistry, classification as saturated or unsaturated, nomenclature, and examples of biologically important fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are discussed along with their importance.
LIPIDS.pptx
Fatty acids are obtained from the hydrolysis of fats.
Fatty acids that occur in natural fats usually contain an even number of carbon atoms (due to synthesis from 2-carbon units) and are straight chain derivatives.
The chain may be saturated (containing no double bonds) or unsaturated (containing one or more double bonds).
3. lipids
Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are insoluble in water due to their hydrophobic fatty acid chains but soluble in organic solvents. They form emulsions when dissolved in ethanol and added to water. Lipids serve important functions as energy stores, providing insulation and buoyancy, and forming cell membranes through phospholipids.
Mscdfsm biochemistry lipids and proteins
This document discusses lipids and proteins, including their structure and classification. It covers different types of lipids like simple lipids, compound lipids, and derived lipids. Simple lipids include neutral fats and waxes. Compound lipids contain additional groups like phosphoric acid, in addition to glycerol and fatty acids. Derived lipids are compounds derived from lipids after hydrolysis. The document also discusses saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, positional and geometrical isomerism in unsaturated fatty acids, and essential fatty acids that must be obtained through diet.
Biochem lec 19 25 lipids
The document defines and describes various types of lipids. It discusses simple lipids like fats and waxes, as well as complex lipids including phospholipids, glycolipids, and gangliosides. Key points covered include the structures and functions of fatty acids and triglycerides, as well as the roles of lipids in energy storage, insulation, cell membranes, and lipid transport. Steroids such as cholesterol are also introduced.
Lipids and fatty acids.pptx
Lipids-definition, functions.
Fatty acids- saturated and unsaturated fatty acids-definition, examples
Essential and non essential fatty acids, melting point of fatty acids.
Triacylglycerol and wax, phospholipids, glycolipids, Eicosanoids, plasma lipoproteins
7 Classification Of Lipids.pptx
Lipids are water-insoluble organic compounds that include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and glycolipids, and can be simple lipids like triglycerides that contain fatty acids and glycerol, or compound lipids that are linked to non-lipid components. They are classified as simple lipids which include fats, oils, and waxes that yield fatty acids and alcohols upon hydrolysis, compound lipids which are linked to non-lipid parts like phospholipids and glycolipids, and derived lipids which are hydrolysis products of simple and compound lipids. Lipids serve important functions as energy stores and structural components in
Chemistry of lipid , september 2020
Definition, classification, biological importance of lipid, Short description of different classes of lipid
Chemistry of lipids
This document discusses the chemistry of lipids. It defines lipids as organic compounds formed from alcohol and fatty acids combined by ester linkage. Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. The main types of lipids discussed are neutral fats and oils (triglycerides), which are the most abundant lipids and constitute esters of glycerol with various fatty acids. Fatty acids can be classified as saturated or unsaturated, depending on whether they contain double bonds or not. Unsaturated fatty acids include mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Key points about triglyceride structure and composition are also summarized.
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INTRODUCTION TO LIPIDS
- 3. LIPIDS DEFINITON:- “ANY class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in NON-polar solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.”
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS SIMPLE LIPIDS A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. It Comprises Only Carbon(C) Oxygen(O) And Hydrogen(H). COMPOUND LIPIDS A COMPOUND lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries Phosphorus(P),Nitrogen(N),& Sulpher(S) In addition to Carbon(C) Oxygen(O) And Hydrogen(H). DERIVED LIPIDS Derived lipids are the substances derived from simple and compound lipids by hydrolysis. These includes fatty acids, alcohols, mono glycerides and diglycerides, steroids, terpenes, carotenoids.
- 5. CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS SIMPLE LIPIDS COMPOUND LIPIDS DERIVED LIPIDS They includes: They includes: They includes: OIL phospholipids FATS glycolipids WAXES lipoproteins Fatty acid Cholesterol Saturated Unsaturated Bile acids • Mono- unsaturated • Poly - unsaturated Sex hormones Vitamin D
- 6. SIMPLE LIPIDS OILS :- OILS are the substances which are usually LIQUID at room temperature. For example: COCONUT OIL,SUNFLOWER OIL etc. FATS :- FATS are the substances which are usually SOLID at room temperature. For example: BUTTER,GHEE etc. WAXES:- Wax is a simple lipid that is an ester of a long-chain alcohol and a fatty acid. The alcohol may be made up of 12-32 carbon atoms. These waxes can be found in nature as coatings on leaves and stems of plants, and prevents the plant from losing excessive amounts of water
- 7. COMPOUND LIPIDS PHOSPHOLIPIDS They are substituted fats containing in addition to fatty acid and glycerol, a phosphoric acid residue, a nitrogenous base and other substituents. Examples: phosphatidyl choline (Lecithin), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Cephalin), sphingomyelins, etc.
- 8. COMPOUND LIPIDS GLYCOLIPIDS Lipids containing carbohydrate moiety( a part) are called glycolipids. They contain a special alcohol called sphingosine or sphingol and nitrogenous base in addition to fatty acids but does not contain phosphoric acid or glycerol. These are of two types: • Cerebrosides • Gangliosides
- 9. COMPOUND LIPIDS LIPOPROTIEN Complexes of lipid and protein, the way lipids travel in the blood.
- 10. LDL & HDL LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke. HDL (high-density lipoprotein), or “good” cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver. The liver then flushes it from the body. High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke.
- 11. DERIVED LIPIDS FATTY ACIDS THE carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils. THERE are two types of fatty acids: Saturated Unsaturated Saturated is Further divided into two types LOWER FATTY ACIDS HIGHER FATTY ACIDS Unsaturated is FUTHER divided into two types Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated
- 12. DERIVED LIPIDS SATURATED FATTY ACIDS The fatty acid having no double bond in it is called saturated fatty acid . FOR example : Acetic acid CH3COOH Propionic acid C2H5COOH Lower Fatty acids : Those saturated fatty acid which contain 10 carbon or less number of carbons are called lower Fatty acids. Higher fatty acids : Those fatty acids which contain more than 10 carbon atoms are called higher fatty acids.
- 13. DERIVED LIPIDS MONO UNSATURATED: The fatty acids having only one double bond (unsaturation) in its structure is called mono unsaturated fatty acid For example : Oleic acid (18:1;9) POLY UNSATURATED : The fatty acids having more than one double bonds (unsaturations) in its structure is called poly unsaturated fatty acid. For example : Linoleic acid (18:2;9,12) Linolenic acid (18:3;9,12,15)
- 14. DERIVED LIPIDS Cholesterol It is the most important sterol in human body .Its molecular formula is C27H45OH .its structural formula is ;
- 15. DERIVED LIPIDS SEX HORMONS
- 16. THANK YOU!