Internet of things Unit I

1. Dr. S.SHAIK PARVEEN
Department of Information Technology

2. COURSE INFORMATION
 Course Name: Internet of Things
 Course Code : 18UITE66
 Semester : VI Part III : Core Elective II

3. COURSE PREREQUISITES
 Data and knowledge management and use of
technology devices.
3
Course Co-requisites
 Good understanding of programming and
device controllers.

4. COURSE OBJECTIVES
 This course introduces students to the
following aspects.
 Understand IoT Market perspective..
 Understand State of the Art – IoT Architecture.
 Understand Real World IoT Design Constraints,
Industrial Automation and Commercial Application
Automation in IoT.

5. COURSE OUTCOMES
 CO1: Describe and explain about IoT, Physical
and Logical design of IoT, IoT levels,
domain specific IoTs
 CO2: Determine physical and logical design of IoT
 CO3: Compare Physical and Logical IoT, different
levels and domain specific IoTs
 CO4: Conclude the importance of IoT, Physical and
Logical IoT, IoT levels, domain specific IoTs
 CO5: Design and develop Physical and Logical IoT,
IoT deployment templates

6. SYLLABUS
 Unit -I:
 Introduction to Internet of things: Introduction to Internet of things–
Definition & Characteristics of IoT - Physical Design of IoT – Things in IoT
- IoT protocols. Logical Design of IoT :IoT Functional blocks- IoT
communication Models- IoT communication APIs. IoT Enabling
Technologies – Wireless Sensor Networks- Cloud Computing- Big data
Analysis – Communication Protocols –Embedded systems.
 Unit –II:
 IoT Levels & Deployment Templates: IoT Level-1 IoT Level-2 IoT Level -3
IoT Level-4 IoT Level-5 IoT Level -6. IoT physical devices and endpoints-
IoT device – Basic building blocks of an IoT Device.
 Unit –III:
 Domain Specific IoTs: Introduction – Home Automation- Smart Lighting-
Smart Appliances- Intrusion Detection-Smoke/ Gas Detectors.
Cont
d..

7. SYLLABUS
 Cities– Smart Parking- SmartLighting- Smart roads– Structural
Health Monitoring – Surveillance – Emergency Response.
Environment – Weather Monitoring- Air Pollution Monitoring - Noise
Pollution Monitoring - Forest Fire Detection – River Floods
Detection Energy- Re Logistics-Agriculture
 Unit –IV:
 IoT and M2M : Introduction – M2M – Difference between IoT and
M2M – SDN and NFV for IoT – Software Defined Networking –
Network Function Virtualization – IoT System Management with
NETCONF – YANG – Need for IoT Systems Management – Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) – Limitations of SNMP –
Network Operator Requirements – NETCONF – YANG – IoT
Systems Management with NETCONF – YANG.
Contd..

8. SYLLABUS
 Unit –V:
 IoTPlatforms Design Methodology : Introduction - IoT Design
Methodology – Introduction – IoT Design Methodology –
Purpose &Requirements Specification – Process Specification –
Domain Model Specification – Information Model Specification –
Service Specifications – IoT Level Specification – Functional
View Specifications – Operational View Specifications – Device
& Component Integration – Application Development

9. TEXTBOOK
 ArshdeepBahga , Vijay Madisetti, Internet of Things - A Hands
on Approach University Press (India)Private Limited, New
Delhi,2014
Unit I: Chapter 1: 1.1,1.2, 1.3,1.4
Unit II: Chapter 1 : 1.5,
Chapter 7:7.1
Unit III: Chapter 2 : 2.1 – 2.10
Unit IV: Chapter 3 : 3.1-3.4,
Chapter 4 4.1-4.6.
Unit V: Chapter 5 : 5.1 – 5.3

10. REFERENCE BOOK
 1. Jan Holler, VlasiosTsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan,
Stefan Avesand, StamatisKarnouskos, David
Boyle, “From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet
of Things: Introduction to a New Age of
Intelligence”, 1 st Edition, Academic Press, 2014.
 2. Francis da Costa, “Rethinking the Internet of
Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting
Everything”, 1st Edition, A Press Publications,
2013.

11. COURSE OUTLINE
 Introduction to Internet of things
 IoT Levels & Deployment Templates
 Domain Specific IoTs
 IoT and M2M
 IoT Platforms Design Methodology

12. COURSE MOTIVATION
 Internet of Things (IoT) is presently a hot technology
worldwide. Government, academia, and industry are
involved in dirent aspects of research,
implementation, and business with IoT.
 IoT cuts across different application domains include
agriculture, space, healthcare, manufacturing,
construction and defense.

13. COURSE EVALUATION
 Attendance Compulsory
 MCQ Test
 4 Assignments per Unit

14. IOT

15. IOT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects or "things" embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to
collect and exchange data.

16. IOT
IoT allows objects to be sensed and
controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure, creating opportunities for more
direct integration between the physical world
and computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic
benefit

17. WHAT IS IOT?
"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety
of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis
devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or field
operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and
rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the
help of various existing technologies and then autonomously
flow the data between other devices.

18. APPLICATIONS OF IOT

19. 
People Connecting to Things
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
Internet

20.  "The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to
Automate Human Life."

21. Basic components of IOT

22. APPLICATIONS OF IOT
1)Home
2) Cities
3) Environment
4) Energy
5) Retail
6) Logistics
7) Agriculture
8) Industry
9) Health & Life Style

23. CHARACTERISTICS
1) Dynamic & Self Adapting: IoT devices and
systems may have the capability to dynamically
adapt with the changing contexts and take actions
based on their operating conditions, user‘s context
or sensed environment.
Eg: the surveillance system is adapting itself
based on context and changing conditions.
.

24. CHARACTERISTICS
2) Self Configuring: allowing a large number of devices
to work together to provide certain functionality
3) Inter Operable Communication Protocols: support a
number of interoperable communication protocols and can
communicate with other devices and also with
infrastructure.

25. 4) Unique Identity: Each IoT device has a unique identity
and a unique identifier(IP address).
5) Integrated into Information Network: that allow them to
communicate and exchange data with other devices and
systems.
Characteristics

26. THINGS IN IOT
 The things in IoT refers to IoT devices which have unique identities
and perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities.
IoT devices can exchange data with other connected devices
applications. It collects data from other devices and process data
either locally or remotely.
 An IoT device may consist of several interfaces for communication to
other devices both wired and wireless. These includes (i) I/O
interfaces for sensors, (ii) Interfaces for internet connectivity (iii)
memory and storage interfaces and (iv) audio/video interfaces.

27. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IOT DEVICE

28.  An IoT device may consist of several interfaces for
communication to other devices both wired and
wireless. These includes
(i) I/O interfaces for sensors,
(ii) Interfaces for internet connectivity
(iii) memory and storage interfaces and
(iv) audio/video interfaces.
Physical Design of IOT
28

29. Block Diagram of IOT Device
29

30. Different types of IOT devices.
30

31. IoT Protocols
31

32. IoT Protocols
A) Link Layer
Protocols determine how data is physically sent
over the network‘s physical layer or medium. Local
network connect to which host is attached. Hosts on
the same link exchange data packets over the link
layer using link layer protocols.
Protocols
802.3-Ethernet:
802.11-WiFi:
802.16 - WiMax:
802.15.4-LR-WPAN: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network
2G/3G/4G-Mobile Communication
32

33. B) Network/Internet Layer
Responsible for sending IP datagrams from
source n/w to destination n/w. Performs the host
addressing and packet routing. Datagrams contains
source and destination address.
Protocols:
IPv4
IPv6
6LOWPAN
33

34. C) Transport Layer
Provides end-to-end message transfer capability
independent of the underlying n/w. Set up on
connection with ACK as in TCP and without ACK as in
UDP. Provides functions such as error control,
segmentation, flow control and congestion control.
Protocols:
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
34

35. D) Application Layer
Defines how the applications interface with lower
layer protocols to send data over the n/w. Enables
process-to-process communication using ports.
 Protocols:
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol
WebSocket
MQTT: Message Queue Telemetry Transport
XMPP: Extensible Message and Presence Protocol
DDS: Data Distribution Service
35

36. IoT Communication APIs.
i) REST based communication APIs
(Request-Response Based Model)
Representational State Transfer(REST) is a set of
architectural principles by which we can design web
services and web APIs that focus on a system‘s
resources and have resource states are addressed and
transferred.
36

37. 37

38. The Request-Response model used by REST
38

39. ii) WebSocket based Communication APIs
(Exclusive Pair Based Model)
WebSocket APIs allow bi-directional, full duplex
communication between clients and servers.
39

40. IoT Enabling Technologies
i) Wireless Sensor Networks
 A wireless sensor network comprises of distributed devices
with sensors which are used to monitor the environmental
and physical conditions. A WSN consist of a number of end
nodes and routers and a co-ordinator. The coordinator
collects the data from all the nodes. Coordinator also acts
as a gateway that connects the WSN to the internet.
40

41. Applications
 Weather Monitoring System
 Indoor air quality monitoring systems
 Soil Moisture Monitoring Systems
 Surveillance Systems
 Smart Grids
 Structural Health Monitoring Systems
41

42. ii) Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is a transformative computing
paradigm that involves delivering applications and
services over the internet. Cloud computing involves
provisioning of computing, networking and storage
resources on demand and providing these resources as
metered services to the users, in a “pay as you go”.
42

43. Applications
 Infrastructure-as-a-service(IaaS)
 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS):
 Software-as-a-Service(SaaS):
43

44. iii) Big data Analysis
 Big data is defined as collections of data sets
whose volume , velocity or variety is so large that it
is difficult to store, manage, process and analyze
the data using traditional databases and data
processing tools.
44

45. Examples
Some examples of big data generated by IoT are
 Sensor data generated by IoT systems.
 Machine sensor data collected from sensors
established in industrial and energy systems.
 Health and fitness data generated IoT devices.
 Data generated by IoT systems for location and
tracking vehicles.
 Data generated by retail inventory monitoring
systems.
45

46. iv) Communication Protocols:
Communication Protocols form the back-bone of
IoT systems and enable network connectivity and
coupling to applications.
 Allow devices to exchange data over network.
 Define the exchange formats, data encoding
addressing schemes for device and routing of packets
from source to destination.
 It includes sequence control, flow control and
retransmission of lost packets.
46

47. v) Embedded Systems:
Embedded Systems is a computer system that has
computer hardware and software embedded to
perform specific tasks. Embedded System range from
low cost miniaturized devices such as digital watches
to devices such as digital cameras, POS terminals,
vending machines, appliances etc.,
47