The document discusses what a digital image is, defining it as a spatial representation of a scene that is composed of pixels arranged in rows and columns. It also defines digital image processing as a discipline where both the input and output are images, and discusses some key applications of image processing such as document handling, biometrics, object identification, target recognition, and cancer detection. The fundamental steps in image processing are also briefly outlined.

1. K.T.Thomas, Asst. Professor, Santhigiri College, Vazhithala
Part Time Research Scholar, SOCS, MG University, Kottayam
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2. What is an image ?
 An image is a spatial representation of a two-
dimensional or three-dimensional scene.
 An image is an array, or a matrix pixels
(picture elements)arranged in columns and
rows
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3. What is digital image processing?
DIP Definition:
A Discipline in Which Both the Input and Output
of a Process are Images
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4. Image Processing
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Computer Graphics:
The creation of images
Image Processing:
Enhancement or other manipulation of the image
Computer Vision:
Analysis of the image content

5. Image Processing
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6. What is a digital image?
 An image may be defined as a two-
dimensional function, f(x, y),
 where x and y are spatial (plane)
coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any
pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the
intensity or gray level of the image at that
point.
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7. What is a digital image?
 Digital Image:
When x, y and the intensity values of f are all
finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a
digital image.
 Color image
The field of digital image processing refers to
processing digital images by means of a digital
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8. What is a digital image?
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9. How is a digital image represented?
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10. How is a digital image represented?
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11. Fields that use Image Processing
 Gamma-Ray Imaging
 X-Ray Imaging
 Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band
 Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
Imaging in the Microwave Band
 Imaging in the Radio Band
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12. Some Applications and Research Areas
Document Handling Signature Verification
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13. Some Applications and Research Areas
Biometrics
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Gait Analysis
Finger Prints, Retina, Face and Palm

14. Some Applications and Research Areas
Object Identification
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15. Some Applications and Research Areas
Target Recognition
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16. Some Applications and Research Areas
Interpretation of Areal Photography. Traffic Monitoring..
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17. Some Applications and Research Areas
Face Detection. Face Recognition
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18. Some Applications and Research Areas
Human Activity Recognition.
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19. Some Applications and Research Areas
Cancer Detection
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20. Fundamental steps in image processing
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21. Fundamental steps in image processing
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