Design & Engineering
BE-102
Naseel Ibnu Azeez.M.P
Asst. Professor,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
MEA-Engineering College,
Perinthalmanna.
Email: naseel@live.com
What is
Design?
You Can Find Design Everywhere
and that's why looking for a definition may not help you grasp what it is
It's what drew you to the last piece of furniture you bought
It is there in the last dress you brought……..!
it's what made online banking possible………!!!
You can see it on your Mobile phones
It is what determines the beauty of constructions
It is even controlling traffic……!
It safeguard power transmission process
It is running the whole Automobile industry !!!
Design in Nature
Human activities characterized as design
Design is conceiving and giving form to
artefact's that solve problems………
Design is not mathematics !!!
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 +
𝑛=1
∞
𝑎 𝑛 cos
𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝐿
+ 𝑏 𝑛 sin
𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝐿
𝑥 =
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
Yes….Design is a Science too
Knowledge ascertained by observation and experiment, critically tested,
systematized, and brought under general principles
Design using technology but it is not only technology !
Technology is the branch of knowledge which deals with the conversion of raw
materials into articles of utility.
This requires knowledge about:
o Materials
o Methods
o Tools and equipment's
It is not 100% Engineering
Engineering is the application of mathematics, empirical evidence and scientific, economic,
social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research,
and improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, and processes.
Or
Arts and science of utilizing the forces and materials of nature for the benefit of mankind and for
the direction of man’s activities towards this end.
You can find elements of Art in Design
Art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a
visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for
their beauty or emotional power.
Design is the combination of Science, Technology,
Engineering & Arts
Simple Designs are the most complex !!!
Here, the combination occur
Science+Engineering+Technology+Art
Why we are using wooden handle for hammer/axe …?
Science, Engineering, Technology & Art
Science gives the Principle for temperature measurement -Thermal
expansion of solids and liquids
Engineering uses this principle to design a thermometer
Technology bring the concept into real world
Art make it comfortable and more ergonomic
Why Design?
 Design brings solutions for too may problems
Design integrate Creativity with Technology
Consider you have a steel wire of 5mm diameter
What you can do with it?
 Design is a dynamic process it keep improving products
Improvements in
Functioning
Strength
Durability
Effectiveness
Economy
Comfort & Ergonomics
Aesthetics
There is no ultimate designs !!!
Still you got a chance on everything around you !
You are the Superhero
How Design?
Through Human activities resulting from
• Observations and identify the problem
• Experimentations
• Logical thinking and Judgment
• Organizing results under general principles
• Application of principles
• Manipulations
The Greatest Designer….?
How to observe …?
Greatest Designer
The Nature
NATURE
IS
FULL OF INFINITE CAUSES
THAT HAVE
NEVER OCCURRED IN
EXPERIENCE
- LEONARDO DA VINCI
Life forms
Plants
Grass and Bush
Cactus
Ornamental plants
Tree
Creeper
Materials
Coal
Sedimentary Rock
Quartz
Rock
Sand
Marble
Water
Devices or Contrivances
Holding : Leg
Holding : Beak +
Legs
Javelin
Cutting tool
Plasticity / Brittility /
Rigidity
Potter-wasp nest
Elasticity / Plasticity /Brittility / Rigidity
1
2
3
6 7
4
5
8 9
11
10
Linear
motion
Linear
motion
Reciprocatory
motion
Motion: Linear and Reciprocatory
Reciprocatory
motion
Rotary motion
Rotary motion
Oscillatory
motion
Oscillatory
motion
Oscillatory
motion
Oscillatory
motion
Motion: Rotary and Oscillatory
Motion: Oscillatory Reciprocatory
Lever
Box / Hinge-Joint
Touch–me-not
68
Ball and Socket Joint
Ball-pen tip
Universal vice
Transportation
Wheel
Wheel
Wheel
Transportation
Fan Blade
Safety / Helmet / Packing
Cradle
Hammock Hammock
Cradle
Perambulator
Landslide
Agent: Water Agent: Sea water
Agent: Wind
Desert rock
Desert sand
River sand
Sea sand
Abrading / Disintegration
Abrading / Disintegration
Sand grains
Sand paper
Sander belt
Bench grinder
Hand-held grinder
Belt sander
Surface grinder
Abrasion
Water storage
Natural Lake
Natural Pond
Man-made earth dam
Man-made pond
Man-made RCC dam
Man-made well
Natural Lake
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made RCC dam
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made RCC dam
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made well
Man-made RCC dam
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Man-made well
Man-made RCC dam
Man-made pond
Water storage
Man-made earth dam
Natural Pond
Natural Lake
Water
conveyance
Natural Open channel
1
2
3
4
5 6
Natural overflow
Man-made overflow
Man-made open channel
Water conveyance (Pipe / Hose)
1
3
2
4
5
6
Water
Lifting
Water
Lifting
Straw / Pipe
Water/Air blowing
Trumpet / Smoking pipe
Angel’s trumpet
Injection
Brush
Tunnel
Column / High Mast
Bridge
Log bridge
Sand
digging
Multi-storeyed
HouseBeehive ginger
Bank-Swallow-nest
Swallow-nest
Potter-wasp nest
Shapes
Sphere
Truncated cone
Trapezium
Shapes
Plantain calyx /
Boat / Vessel
Fur coat
Fur cover
Thorn / Pin / Nail
Sitting stool/chair
Shelter / Mushroom /
Umbrella
Sponge / Packing material
Root / Spring /
Binding
… and so, Humans learned design
basically from the Nature…
and he continues to do so…
Its there in your blood !!!
Experimentations
• It test the viability of theoretical assumptions
• It trace out possible errors and improve product
• It may leads to new ideas and innovations
Logical thinking and Judgment
Logic requires the act of reasoning by humans in order to form thoug
and opinions, as well as classifications and judgment
Organizing results under general principles
 Collective thinking
 Mapping requirements and principles
 Analyse the results
 Re engineer the idea based on results
Application of principles
 Lets do it
 Integration of Science, Technology & Art through Engineering
 Still you may face different problems keep solving issues
 After optimization you will have your product
Manipulations
There is no ultimate designs keep improving your
product
Integrate added advantages
Try alternate solutions
Observations and identify the problem
 Experimentations
 Logical thinking and Judgment
 Organizing results under general principles
 Application of principles
 Manipulations
Let's Design
References
1. Karl T Ulrich, Design creation of artifacts in society
2. Balmer, R. T., Keat, W. D., Wise, G., and Kosky, P., Exploring Engineering
3. Don Norman, Design of everything
4. Don Norman, Living with complexity
5. Presentation on ‘Innovation let it ignite a fire on you’ by Dr. Jippu Jacob
6. Ertas, A., Jones, J. C., The Engineering Design Process, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.
7. Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., Shelnutt, J. W., Creative Problem Solving and Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
New York, 1999.
8. Sanders, M. S., McCormick, E. J., Human Factors in Engineering and Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1993.
9. Dym, C. L., Little, P., Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, John Wiley, New York, 1999.
10. Hyman, B., Fundamental of Engineering Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998
Introduction to Engineering Design

Introduction to Engineering Design