Introduction to computers2
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This document provides an introduction to computer types, structure, components, and software. It discusses six categories of computers and describes the basic internal hardware components of a computer including input, processing, output, storage, communication, and motherboard devices. It also explains common components like the CPU, memory, buses, ports, and storage devices, as well as how computer hardware and software work together.
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A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and provides output. It works with binary digits (0s and 1s) and stores data for further processing. The main components of a computer are the motherboard, processor, memory devices like RAM and ROM, storage devices like hard drives and optical drives, power supply, input devices like keyboard and mouse, and output devices like monitors. The processor performs calculations and logical operations. Data is stored on hard drives in tracks and sectors through magnetic encoding of bits as positive and negative polarities. Optical discs like CDs and DVDs store data as lands and pits that do or do not reflect laser light during reading.
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This document provides an overview of computers, including their components and how they work. It defines a computer as a device that accepts digital data as input and manipulates it according to programmed instructions. Computers are categorized based on their size and intended users, ranging from desktops for individuals to mainframes for large organizations. The document describes the basic anatomy of a computer including hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. It also discusses software and different types like operating systems and application programs.
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The document discusses the core hardware and software components of a computer system. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like the motherboard, processor, memory, storage devices, ports, and peripherals. Software is defined as computer programs that perform tasks on the system like operating systems, applications, and utilities. The document then provides details on the main internal components of a system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, storage devices, and expansion cards. It also discusses common peripherals and input/output devices that connect to the system unit.
Hardware and systems technology
This document provides an overview of hardware and systems technology, covering topics like computers, input/output devices, data storage, communication devices, networks, and more. It defines key computer components and terms, describes common data types and file formats, explains how data is processed and transmitted, and outlines computer system organization from the CPU up through local and wide area networks. The document is intended to cover 15% of the content on an upcoming exam.
CSA PPT....ppt
Peripheral devices are hardware components that connect to a computer to allow input, output, and storage of data. There are three main types: input devices like keyboards and mice; output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers; and storage devices like hard drives, flash drives, and optical discs. Common network devices include network interface cards, wireless cards, hubs, switches, routers, and servers that allow computers to connect and share resources over a network. Networks can be configured as either a client-server model with dedicated server computers or a peer-to-peer model with equal sharing between connected computers.
Basic hardware concept
The document discusses various components of computers including processors, memory, storage, and input/output devices. It describes the basic concepts of computer hardware such as the von Neumann architecture and how information flows through a computer's central processing unit. Key components like the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, and buses are examined. Different types of computer memory, storage, and their characteristics are also outlined.
How Computer work
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concepts-of-computers.ppt
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concepts-of-computer awarness.ppt
The document provides information about computers, including hardware vs software, the history of computers from Charles Babbage to modern generations, types of computers from personal to supercomputers, computer components like the CPU and memory, input/output devices, and an overview of software. It discusses the evolution of computers from large vacuum tube machines to today's smaller integrated circuit computers.
Computer hardware and software ~ Nitin Agarwal
I have made this presentation by thinking about IT students and thought that I can made their small help in IT Best of luck.
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Introduction to computers2
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Dr. Mostafa Mohamed Elgamala
- 2. Computer Types • Six basic categories of computers – Embedded computers (cars ,Rebots,…) – Mobile devices (smart phones…) – Personal computers (desktop or portable (labtop or tablet) – Midrange servers (small networks) – Mainframe computers (large organizations) – Supercomputers (one program at a time)
- 4. Computer Structure 1- Hardware • Input devices – Used to input data into the computer • Processing devices – Perform calculations and control computer’s operation – Central processing unit (CPU) and memory • Output devices – Present results to the user
- 5. • Storage devices – Used to store data on or access data from storage media – Hard drives, DVD disks and drives, USB flash drives, etc. • Communications devices – Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access information – Modems, network adapters, etc.
- 6. Input • Keyboard • Virtual keyboard • Touch pads • Scroll wheels
- 7. – Electronic pen – Touch screen – Mouse – Joysticks – Scanner – Barcode readers – Radio frequency identification (RFID) Reader – Biometric Readers – Digital cameras – Audio input
- 8. Output • Monitor • Plotter • Data projector • Audio output • Printers
- 9. Motherboard
- 10. CPU • Today’s CPUs contain hundreds of millions of transistors; the number doubles about every 18 months (Moore’s Law) • Dual-core CPU: Contain the processing components (cores) of two separate processors on a single CPU • Quad-core CPU: Contains 4 cores
- 11. • CPU clock speed: One measurement of processing speed – Measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) – Higher CPU clock speed = more instructions processed per second • Word size: The amount of data that a CPU can manipulate at one time – Typically 32 or 64 bits • Bus: An electronic path over which data can travel
- 12. Memory • RAM ( SDRAM–DDR1-DDR2-DDR3) • ROM
- 13. • Fans • Heat sinks • Expansion slots
- 14. Buses • Bus: An electronic path within a computer over which data travels – System bus: Moves data back and forth between the CPU and memory – Expansion buses: Connect the CPU to peripheral (typically input and output) devices • PCI and PCI Express (PCIe) bus • AGP bus • Universal Serial Bus (USB) • FireWire/IEEE 1394 (digital camera )
- 16. Ports and Connectors – Serial – Parallel – Network – Keyboard/Mouse – Monitor (VGA, DVI, HDMI) – Modem/Phone – USB – FireWire – SCSI – MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface) – IrDA (Infrared Data Association) – Game
- 20. Storage • Magnetic disks (HDD) (up to 4 tera) – Parallel ATA (PATA-advanced tech. attachments) (100 MBs) – Serial ATA (SATA) and serial ATA II (SATA II) (150MBs) – SCSI and the newer serial attached SCSI (SAS) (160MBs) – Fibre Channel – External hard drives • SDD (solid state drive)(up to 500 G) (fast – low power – long life )
- 23. • Optical disks • Flash (60MBs) - Firewire(100MBs) – SD - MMC • SANs • RAID • Taps
- 24. Future trends • Nanotechnology • Quantum computing • Optical computer
- 25. 2- Software • Operating system (Windows – Unix – Linux) • Application Software
- 26. QUESTIONS?