Introduction of microfinance
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Microfinance involves providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to low-income individuals. It began in the 1970s with programs lending small amounts to groups of poor women. In India, microfinance has existed informally for ages and various government initiatives over time helped establish a legal framework and institutions to support it, such as cooperative banks and NABARD. Today, around 60% of microfinance institutions in India are registered as societies and most use the self-help group model to deliver services to over 100 million poor households.
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Microfinance in India provides financial services to the poor who lack access to traditional banking. It began as social initiatives but is now a profitable sector. Key challenges include high transaction costs due to information asymmetry about clients and their loan usage. Most clients are rural with low literacy and lack collateral. Staff training and motivation are also issues. Government programs and microfinance institutions have expanded access but large gaps remain, with 500 million people still unserved. Future growth requires addressing demand, scaling up, using technology, and offering more products like insurance to increase impact.
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2. The history and evolution of microfinance including pioneers like Muhammad Yunus and models like Grameen Bank and self-help groups.
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Micro finance
Microfinance in India aims to provide financial services to the poor by addressing challenges like risk management, accessibility, lack of collateral, and high transaction costs. Key initiatives include the bank-SHG linkage program, expansion of rural bank branches, and the emergence of microfinance institutions. However, large gaps remain as 500 million people remain unserved. Scaling up microfinance further faces challenges around capital availability, staff training, and technology adoption. New approaches are exploring partnerships, venture capital models, alternate channels like agent networks and internet kiosks, and reducing transaction costs.
History of micro finance
Modern microfinance has its roots in informal credit systems that have long existed worldwide. In the 1970s, Muhammad Yunus pioneered lending to poor women in Bangladesh using group peer monitoring rather than physical collateral. He went on to found Grameen Bank in 1983. Since then, microfinance has expanded, with the World Bank now estimating 160 million people served globally. Microfinance has evolved from early government and donor subsidized rural credit programs to focus more on commercial small loans for microenterprises as an effective poverty reduction strategy. Understanding of effective microfinance models continues to improve as the field expands to systematically serve both formal and informal sectors.
micro credit
Microcredit provides small loans to low-income individuals to help them become self-employed entrepreneurs. The concept originated in the 18th century and was pioneered by organizations like the Grameen Bank founded by Muhammad Yunus in 1983. Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for establishing microcredit as an effective anti-poverty strategy. In Pakistan, microcredit is offered through various microfinance institutions including NGOs, rural support programs, and commercial banks to support entrepreneurship among the 24% of Pakistanis living below the poverty line, which is double the urban rate.
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SAKHI raises capital through:
1. Loans from Friends of Women World Bank at an annual interest rate of 13.5%
2. Group guarantees followed by center guarantees for loans provided to members
3. Upfront loan processing fees of 2% charged to borrowers
SAKHI provides microloans ranging from Rs. 3,000 to Rs. 15,000 to economically disadvantaged individuals through a systematic organizational structure and loan disbursement process.
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1. The objectives of understanding microfinance concepts and its role in empowering women as well as reviewing related research studies.
2. The history and evolution of microfinance including pioneers like Muhammad Yunus and models like Grameen Bank and self-help groups.
3. Research on how microfinance contributes to women's economic, social, educational and political empowerment through increased incomes, decision making power, and participation in local government.
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This document provides an overview of microfinance in India. It defines microfinance as the provision of financial services to low-income populations who lack access to mainstream services. Microfinance includes small loans, savings, insurance, and money transfers. Key aspects of microfinance in India discussed include the evolution of the industry, types of microfinance institutions such as self-help groups and joint liability groups, and channels for delivering microfinance services such as the SHG-Bank linkage model.
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Microfinance refers to providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to low-income individuals. The modern microfinance movement began in the 1970s by providing small loans to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, Brazil, and other countries. In India, an estimated 350 million people live below the poverty line, but only about 5% have access to microfinance due to high costs, lack of legal frameworks for microfinance institutions, and other barriers. Various models of microfinance have emerged and shown success in India, including self-help group bank linkage programs and wholesale banking models.
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This document presents a project on microfinancing by a group of students. It discusses various topics related to microfinancing including introduction, sectors supported through microfinancing like agriculture and healthcare, countries supporting microfinancing like EU, percentage of people in Pakistan accessing microfinancing, rules for microfinancing, and examples of microfinance institutions in Pakistan. The document concludes by discussing strategic objectives of microfinance institutions like increasing outreach, focusing on productivity and efficiency, and providing branchless banking services.
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Micro finance in India
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The document summarizes microfinance as small loans provided to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking. It discusses the history and philosophy of microfinance, how it works through peer lending circles, and its growth centers globally. Key risks for microfinance investors include foreign exchange risk, difficulty assessing credit risk for many small borrowers, and potential volatility. The document also analyzes financial performance and growth metrics for microfinance institutions.
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The document discusses microfinance features such as providing small loans and financial services to low-income individuals without collateral. It describes microfinance objectives like providing access to financial services to help poor households finance business activities and stabilize consumption. Majority of microfinance clients are self-employed, low-income individuals, including many women near the poverty line. The status and evolution of microfinance in India is examined, along with the roles of institutions like NABARD in promoting rural development through microfinance initiatives.
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Capital Budgeting Decisions
Understand the nature and importance of investment decisions.
Distinguish between discounted cash flow (DCF) and non-discounted cash flow (non-DCF) techniques of investment evaluation.
Explain the methods of calculating net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR).
Show the implications of net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR).
Describe the non-DCF evaluation criteria: payback and accounting rate of return and discuss the reasons for their popularity in practice and their pitfalls.
Illustrate the computation of the discounted payback.
Describe the merits and demerits of the DCF and Non-DCF investment criteria.
Compare and contract NPV and IRR and emphasise the superiority of NPV rule.
Dissertation on the Impacts of Microfinance in Kenya final report
This document discusses a study on microfinance awareness and impact in Nairobi County, Kenya. It provides background on microfinance and its role in development. The study aims to evaluate the level of development of microfinance institutions in Nairobi County, examine the impacts of microfinance, and identify strategies employed by microfinance institutions. It employs a research design using both primary and secondary data collection methods. The results and discussion chapter analyzes respondents' profiles, levels of microfinance institution development, impacts of microfinance, and strategies used by institutions. The conclusion summarizes the major findings and provides recommendations.
Microfinance in India
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The document provides an overview of microfinance, including its history, definition, key concepts, and common activities. Some of the main points covered include:
1) Microfinance emerged in the 1970s and was pioneered by organizations like Grameen Bank, which provided small loans to poor individuals.
2) It involves providing financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to low-income individuals. This gives them access to capital to invest in businesses or manage cash flows.
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Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating long-term investment projects and determining whether they are worth funding through debt, equity, or retained earnings. It involves estimating future cash flows of potential projects, evaluating them using techniques like net present value, and choosing projects that increase shareholder value and have returns higher than the company's cost of capital. The objectives of capital budgeting include setting investment priorities, purchasing assets that generate positive returns, aligning investments with marketing plans, keeping pace with projected growth, and maintaining an optimal debt level.
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Microfinance aims to provide financial services like credit, savings, insurance and money transfers to low-income households and micro-entrepreneurs. It is delivered by microfinance institutions (MFIs) through small loans with group lending. Shortcomings include overdependence on donors, high interest rates, lack of regulations and difficulty reaching remote areas. The State Bank of Pakistan has launched various initiatives like credit guarantee facilities, funding programs and partnerships to strengthen the microfinance sector and promote financial inclusion.
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This document provides an overview of global financial markets and their terminology. It discusses how trading occurs both on formal exchanges and over-the-counter markets. Financial exchanges provide price information, counterparty protection, and facilitate trading. OTC markets allow customization but lack exchange protections. Major debt, foreign exchange, and derivatives markets operate via OTC arrangements and inter-dealer brokers.
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Financial markets allow people and entities to trade securities, commodities, and other assets. They serve several functions including raising capital, transferring risk, facilitating price discovery and global transactions, and transferring liquidity. There are several types of financial markets including capital markets for stocks and bonds, commodity markets, money markets for short-term debt, derivatives markets for managing risk, futures markets for forward contracts, insurance markets, and foreign exchange markets. Within capital markets, primary markets involve new security issuances while secondary markets allow trading of existing securities. Money markets specifically involve short-term borrowing, lending, buying and selling of assets with original maturities of one year or less. Common money market instruments include certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and treas
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This document provides an overview of a seminar on financial markets from Saunders Learning Group. The seminar aims to provide a simple guide to investing in financial securities and how financial markets work. Saunders Learning Group offers various training programs, workshops and seminars targeted towards the financial services industry.
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Dissertation on the Impacts of Microfinance in Kenya final report
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Microfinance provides small loans to poor and low-income individuals without collateral to help them engage in entrepreneurial activities or expand small businesses. It has proven effective at reducing poverty by empowering individuals, especially women, to become self-sufficient. In India, microfinance has grown rapidly in recent decades through self-help groups and microfinance institutions, reaching over 100 million people. However, there is still a large unmet demand and regulatory challenges around interest rates and appropriate legal structures remain.
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The document discusses microfinance in India. It defines microfinance as providing financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to low-income individuals. A variety of actors in India provide microfinance using different models. The goal is to create social value through poverty alleviation and improving livelihoods. Common microfinance activities include group lending, individual lending, savings, insurance, and capacity building.
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This document discusses microfinance in India. It defines microfinance as providing banking services like savings, loans, and insurance to lower-income individuals, especially the poor. Microfinance aims to help the poor become self-sufficient entrepreneurs. Key features of microfinance include small, short-term loans without collateral to groups, with a preference for women. Microfinance is an important part of rural finance in India and supports self-employment and women's participation in economic activity. The dominant model is self-help groups linked to banks. Major players include NABARD, SIDBI, and microfinance institutions.
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Microfinancing provides small loans and other basic financial services to low-income individuals who otherwise lack access to traditional banking services. It began in the 1970s with programs in Bangladesh and Brazil that made very small loans to rural poor groups, often women, to establish microenterprises and lift themselves out of poverty. Professor Muhammad Yunus pioneered microfinancing by founding Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1976, which today has over 6 million borrowers, most of whom are women. Microfinancing has since expanded globally and plays a key role in providing financial access to the poor in developing countries like India.
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This document provides an overview and history of microfinance. It discusses the evolution of microfinance concepts in the late 1970s and pioneering institutions in microfinance like ACCION International, SEWA Bank, and Grameen Bank. It also outlines the student's learning from their microfinance research project and internship with KDS MFI, including understanding microfinance regulation, models, management, and how microfinance can improve livelihoods. The document contains the student's report outline, which will analyze topics like the need for microfinance in India, strategies for coordinating microfinance efforts, and the future of the industry.
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This document provides an overview of microfinance in India, including:
1. It discusses the evolution and current status of microfinance in India, noting that only about 5% of rural poor have access despite growing programs.
2. It outlines the need for microfinance to address the large gap between demand and supply of financial services for the poor.
3. It describes NABARD's role in microfinance through its self-help group bank linkage program, which has reached over 1.4 crore households through 9.4 lakh self-help groups.
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Microfinance provides financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. It began in the 1970s when Muhammad Yunus pioneered the concept of lending small amounts to groups of poor women in Bangladesh without collateral. This joint liability model produced very high repayment rates. Yunus went on to establish Grameen Bank based on this group lending approach. Microfinance has since expanded globally and within India, supported by the establishment of organizations like NABARD, SEWA, and SIDBI to promote self-help groups and connect them to banking institutions.
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Microfinance in India has evolved over three phases from 1960 to today:
1) Social banking phase from 1960-1980 focused on expanding rural branch networks.
2) Financial systems approach from 1990-2000 saw the emergence of NGO-MFIs and self-help groups.
3) Current phase of financial inclusion since 2000 features MFIs partnering with diverse entities and increased policy regulation.
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The document provides an overview of the microfinance sector in India. It defines microfinance and discusses the key features and models used, including self-help groups (SHGs) and SHG-bank linkage models. It outlines the case for microfinance in India given high poverty levels. It also discusses the various actors involved like MFIs, banks, NABARD, SIDBI and regulations like the Microfinance Institutions Bill. It notes that while microfinance has grown, there is still a large unmet demand and challenges remain around access to funding, human resources and over-indebtedness.
AN OVERVIEW OF MICROFINANCE IN INDIA
This document provides an overview of microfinance in India, including:
1) Microfinance plays a vital role in providing financial services to the poor and low-income individuals in India, where 70% of the population lives in rural areas and 60% depend on agriculture.
2) The two main models of microfinance delivery in India are the Self Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Program and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs).
3) Microfinance has grown significantly in India and plays an important role in poverty alleviation, economic growth, and empowering women. It provides small loans, savings opportunities, and financial independence to tens of millions of poor and rural Indians.
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Microfinance is defined as providing financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to low-income individuals and those below the poverty line, with the goal of poverty alleviation and improving livelihoods. Microfinance is typically delivered through self-help groups and used by individuals to promote self-employment, such as starting small businesses. It aims to empower the poorest in society, especially women. In India, microfinance is dominated by self-help group bank linkage programs to provide affordable financial services to the poor. While microfinance has helped increase incomes and education for many clients, limitations remain around maximizing its contribution to women's empowerment.
Micro finance Institutions.pptx
Micro finance institutions :
Micro finance institution (MFI) are financial companies that provides small loans to people who do not have any access to banking facilities . The definition of small loans varies between different countries . In India ,all loans that are below Rs. 1 lakh can be considered as a microloans .
Although most microfinance institutions target the eradication of poverty as their motive , some of the new entrants are focussed on the sale of more products to consumers .
Goals of microfinance institutions
Transform into a financial institution that assists in the development of communities that are sustainable .
Help in the provision of resources that offer support to the lower sections of the society .There is a special focus on women in this regard ,as they have emerged successful in setting up income generation enterprise .
Evaluate the options available to help eradicate poverty at a faster rate .
Mobilise self employment opportunities.
AS PER WORLD BANK DATA , CLOSE TO 1.7 BILLION PEOPLE ACROSS MULTIPLE COUNTRIES DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO BASIC FINACIAL SERVICES . THIS IS WHERE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE .
Key benefits
It enables people expand their present opportunities .
It provides easy access to credit facilities
It make future investments possible
It serves the under –financed section of the society
It helps in the generation of employment opportunity
It inculcates the discipline of saving
It brings about significant economic gains
It results in better credit management practices
It results in better education
Microfinance includes the following products:
Microloans - Microfinance loans are significant as these are provided to borrowers with no collateral. The end result of microloans should be to have its recipients outgrow smaller loans and be ready for traditional bank loans.
Microsaving’s – Microsaving’s accounts allow entrepreneurs operate savings accounts with no minimum balance. These accounts help users inculcate financial discipline and develop an interest in saving for the future.
Microinsurance - Microinsurance is a type of coverage provided to borrowers of microloans. These insurance plans have lower premiums than traditional insurance policies.
In some situations, recipients of microloans are expected to take some training courses, such as cash flow management or book-keeping.
Groups Organised by Micro finance Institutions in India
Joint Liability Group (JLG )
This is usually a informal group that consists of 4-10 individuals who seek loans against mutual guarantee .Each individual in a JLG is equally responsible for the loan repayment in a timely manner .
Self Help Group
It is a group of individual with similar socio- economic backgrounds .These small entrepreneurs come together for a short duration and create a common fund for their business needs .
Micro-finance in rural india
Nationalized banks in India play an important role in microfinance in rural areas. Microfinance provides small loans, savings, and insurance to poor individuals and small businesses that lack access to traditional banking. While nationalized banks have expanded access to credit for rural Indians, they face limitations like a lack of experience with microfinance methods. Recommendations to improve microfinance through nationalized banks include developing a uniform legal framework, interest rates that cover costs, and programs that link credit to subsidies.
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This document provides a summary of microfinance in India. It defines microfinance and outlines some of the key strategic policy initiatives taken by the Indian government to promote microfinance. It discusses various microfinance models used in India including self-help groups and analyses several large microfinance institutions operating in the country. The document also examines issues faced by the microfinance sector in India and factors contributing to the success of microfinance. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the microfinance landscape in India.
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Role of microfinance in promoting micro entrepreneurship
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Editor's Notes
- Rural Finance Presentation