Computer graphics involves the display, manipulation, and storage of visual data using a computer. It includes input/output devices and interfaces that allow for the creation and management of graphical content. Computer graphics has applications in user interfaces, business/scientific visualization, CAD/CAM design, simulation, cartography, multimedia, virtual reality, and more. It relies on standards, programming libraries, basic drawing primitives, and concepts like transformations, projections, surface modeling, and animation.

1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS

2. Computer graphics involves display ,
manipulation and storage of pictures and
experimental data for proper visualization
using a computer

3. CG comprises
• Display devices
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Interfacing devices video I/O

4. Applications
• GUI
– Menus
– Icons
– Curser
– Dialog boxes
– Scroll bars
– Buttons
– Grids (Used to align an object in 2D Graphics)
– Valuators (Sliders)
– Sketching (Paint)
– 3-D interface (Used to manipulate 2D object as
3D Object on 2D Devices)

5. • Plotting in business
– Used show the economical type of data like
growth rate , expenditure etc.
• Office automation
– Editing documents , handling statistical data
making presentation
• Desktop publishing
– Designing documents and presentation
• Plotting in science & technology
– Used to draw almost every data in graphical
forms

6. • Web/business/commercial publishing and
advertisements
– Adds, Video screens etc.
• CAD/CAM design
– VLSI, Construction, Circuits
• Scientific visualization
– Animation in genetic engineering, biological
sciences
• Entertainment
– Movies, Games etc.

7. • Simulators and simulation studies
– Various mechanical and chemical processes
– Study of nuclear explosions
– Study of disaster management
– Flight Simulations of space shuttle ,car driving
• Cartography
– Creation of maps, Civil engineering, geology
etc.
• Multimedia
– Cobines audeo, video and tetx pictures

8. • Virtual reality
• Process monitoring
– Monitor Chemical/ Mechanical processes by
sensors and alerting in case of something
wrong
• Digital image processing
– Enhancing image quality
• Education and training
– Students, professionals etc

9. Graphics standards
• GKS (graphical kernel system)
– By ISO and ANSI
• SRGP (Simple Raster Graphics Package)
• PHIGS (Programmers Hierarchical
Interactive Graphics System)
• OpenGL

10. Various Compilers
• Visual c/C++
• Visual Basic
• Borland C/C++
• Borland Pascal
• Turbo C
• Turbo Pascal
• JAVA’s graphical libraries, API

11. Basic output primitives for drawing
pictures
• Polyline
• Filled polygons (Enclosed regions)
• Ellipse (Arc)
• Text (Style and orientation)
• Raster Image

12. Computer graphics systems
• Active (Having control on displayed data )
• Passive (Does not have any control on
displayed data)

13. Concepts and principles of CG
• Display Systems
– Storage Displays, Random Scan, Raster
refresh displays, CRT basics, video basics ,
Flat panel displays
• Transformations
– (2-D and 3-D) Translation, Rotation,
Reflection, Shearing
– Viewing/projections

14. • Scan Conversion and clipping
– Drawing of points, lines, circles etc. Area
filling, filling style, Clipping algorithms, anti
aliasing etc.
• Hidden Surface Removal
– Back face removal, Z buffer sorting, painter’s
algorithm, Ray tracing etc.
• Shading and Illumination
• Phong’s shading model, Shadows and
background, Color models etc.
Concepts and principles of CG cont.

15. • Solid Modeling
– Wire frame, Boundary representation,
Constructive solid geometry
• Curves and surfaces
– Bezier curves, Hermite curves etc.
• Graphics architecture
– Display processors, Multi processors systems
etc.
• Miscellaneous
– Animation, Projection and viewing, Image file
formats etc
Concepts and principles of CG cont.