Introduction Albert Ellis
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Albert Ellis (1913-2007) developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) which was one of the first cognitive behavior therapies. REBT is based on the premise that irrational beliefs cause unhealthy emotions and behaviors, not external events alone. The A-B-C framework is central to REBT and explains that Activating events (A) do not directly cause Consequences (C), but rather one's Beliefs (B) about the event that largely impact one's emotional Consequences. REBT aims to help clients identify and dispute their irrational beliefs in order to develop more rational thinking and healthier emotional reactions.
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Albert Ellis
This document provides biographical information about Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). It discusses Ellis' childhood, education, early career focusing on writing, and eventual development of REBT. The summary is:
Ellis was born in 1913 in Pittsburgh and raised in New York. He had a difficult childhood but developed a passion for reading and problem-solving. After trying various careers including writing, he turned to psychotherapy and developed REBT which focuses on disputing irrational beliefs that cause emotional disturbances. REBT became his life's work and he published extensively on the topic until his death in 2007.
Albert Ellis & REBT
Albert Ellis (1913-2007) was an American psychologist who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He had a difficult childhood, suffering from numerous health issues and an unstable family life after his parents' divorce when he was 12. These experiences influenced his interest in psychotherapy. After earning degrees in business administration and psychology, Ellis began advocating a direct, active form of psychotherapy called Rational Therapy in 1953. REBT helps clients identify and dispute irrational beliefs that lead to dysfunctional emotions and behaviors, replacing them with more rational and adaptive beliefs. Ellis authored over 80 books popularizing REBT for conditions like depression, anger, anxiety, and relationship issues. He is considered one of the founders of cognitive behavioral therapy.
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- He criticized views of love and sex that had become separated in society during the 1960s sexual revolution.
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This document provides biographical information about Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). It discusses Ellis' childhood, education, early career focusing on writing, and eventual development of REBT. The summary is:
Ellis was born in 1913 in Pittsburgh and raised in New York. He had a difficult childhood but developed a passion for reading and problem-solving. After trying various careers including writing, he turned to psychotherapy and developed REBT which focuses on disputing irrational beliefs that cause emotional disturbances. REBT became his life's work and he published extensively on the topic until his death in 2007.
Albert Ellis & REBT
Albert Ellis (1913-2007) was an American psychologist who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He had a difficult childhood, suffering from numerous health issues and an unstable family life after his parents' divorce when he was 12. These experiences influenced his interest in psychotherapy. After earning degrees in business administration and psychology, Ellis began advocating a direct, active form of psychotherapy called Rational Therapy in 1953. REBT helps clients identify and dispute irrational beliefs that lead to dysfunctional emotions and behaviors, replacing them with more rational and adaptive beliefs. Ellis authored over 80 books popularizing REBT for conditions like depression, anger, anxiety, and relationship issues. He is considered one of the founders of cognitive behavioral therapy.
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- He combined existentialist philosophy with psychoanalytic traditions to explain his view of psychology.
- May believed that anxiety, feelings of threat and powerlessness are essential to human growth and development as they give people the freedom to act courageously.
- He outlined four stages of consciousness of self: innocence, rebellion, ordinary consciousness, and creative consciousness.
- May emphasized the importance of integrating motives called "daimons" and balancing love and will.
- He criticized views of love and sex that had become separated in society during the 1960s sexual revolution.
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The document provides information about Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Some key points:
- Albert Ellis developed REBT in 1955 as one of the first cognitive behavioral therapies. REBT is based on the idea that emotional problems are caused by irrational beliefs rather than external events.
- According to REBT, people disturb themselves through their irrational thoughts and beliefs about events rather than the events themselves. The goal of therapy is to identify and dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational alternatives.
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– 272 –C H A P T E R T E Nk Introductionk Alber
– 272 –
C H A P T E R T E N
k Introduction
k Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive
Behavior Therapy
k Key Concepts
View of Human Nature
View of Emotional Disturbance
A-B-C Framework
k The Therapeutic Process
Therapeutic Goals
Therapist ’s Function and Role
Client ’s Experience in Therapy
Relationship Between Therapist and Client
k Application: Therapeutic
Techniques and Procedures
The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior
Therapy
Applications of REBT to Client Populations
REBT as a Brief Therapy
Application to Group Counseling
k Aaron Beck ’s Cognitive Therapy
Introduction
Basic Principles of Cognitive Therapy
The Client–Therapist Relationship
Applications of Cognitive Therapy
k Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive
Behavior Modifi cation
Introduction
How Behavior Changes
Coping Skills Programs
The Constructivist Approach to Cognitive
Behavior Therapy
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
From a Multicultural Perspective
Strengths From a Diversit y Perspective
Shortcomings From a Diversit y Perspective
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Applied to the Case of Stan
k Summary and Evaluation
Contributions of the Cognitive Behavioral
Approaches
Limitations and Criticisms of the Cognitive
Behavioral Approaches
k Where to Go From Here
Recommended Supplementary Readings
References and Suggested Readings
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
– 273 –
A L B E R T E L L I S
ALBERT ELLIS (1913–2007)
was born in Pittsburgh but
escaped to the wilds of New
York at the age of 4 and lived
there (except for a year in New
Jersey) for the rest of his life. He
was hospitalized nine times as
a child, mainly with nephritis,
and developed renal glycosuria
at the age of 19 and diabetes at the age of 40. By rigor-
ously taking care of his health and stubbornly refusing
to make himself miserable about it, he lived an unusually
robust and energetic life, until his death at age 93.
Realizing that he could counsel people skillfully and
that he greatly enjoyed doing so, Ellis decided to become
a psychologist. Believing psychoanalysis to be the
deepest form of psychotherapy, Ellis was analyzed and
supervised by a training analyst. He then practiced psy-
choanalytically oriented psychotherapy, but eventually
he became disillusioned with the slow progress of his cli-
ents. He observed that they improved more quickly once
they changed their ways of thinking about themselves
and their problems. Early in 1955 he developed rational
emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Ellis has rightly been
called the “grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy.”
Until his illness during the last two years of his life, he
generally worked 16 hours a day, seeing many clients for
individual therapy, making time each day for professional
writing, and giving numerous talks and workshops in
many parts of the world.
To some extent Ellis developed his approach as a
method of dealing with his own problems during his
youth. At one point in his life, for example, he had exag-
ge ...
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This document provides an overview of psychodynamic theory and some of its key contributors. It discusses how psychodynamic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, views psychological forces like the unconscious mind and childhood experiences as influencing behavior. It describes Freud's structural model of the id, ego and superego, as well as concepts like defense mechanisms and psychosexual stages. The document also discusses how later theorists like Jung, Horney, and Adler built upon and diverged from Freud's work, contributing their own perspectives on topics like personality types, neurosis, and the role of social/environmental factors.
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Thematic apperception test
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems by identifying and disputing irrational and self-defeating beliefs. Ellis believed that people are disturbed not by events themselves but by their beliefs about events. REBT teaches unconditional self-acceptance, frustration tolerance, and flexible thinking to dispute irrational beliefs and reduce disturbances. Ellis developed REBT after becoming dissatisfied with psychoanalysis and drew from philosophy, biology, psychology and sociology in developing the theory.
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A Brief Introduction to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Similar to Introduction Albert Ellis
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
The document provides information about Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Some key points:
- Albert Ellis developed REBT in 1955 as one of the first cognitive behavioral therapies. REBT is based on the idea that emotional problems are caused by irrational beliefs rather than external events.
- According to REBT, people disturb themselves through their irrational thoughts and beliefs about events rather than the events themselves. The goal of therapy is to identify and dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational alternatives.
- Ellis believed humans have the capacity for both rational and irrational thinking. REBT aims to help people accept themselves while also learning to think more rationally about difficult situations.
- The ABC model is used in REBT
– 272 –C H A P T E R T E Nk Introductionk Alber
– 272 –
C H A P T E R T E N
k Introduction
k Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive
Behavior Therapy
k Key Concepts
View of Human Nature
View of Emotional Disturbance
A-B-C Framework
k The Therapeutic Process
Therapeutic Goals
Therapist ’s Function and Role
Client ’s Experience in Therapy
Relationship Between Therapist and Client
k Application: Therapeutic
Techniques and Procedures
The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior
Therapy
Applications of REBT to Client Populations
REBT as a Brief Therapy
Application to Group Counseling
k Aaron Beck ’s Cognitive Therapy
Introduction
Basic Principles of Cognitive Therapy
The Client–Therapist Relationship
Applications of Cognitive Therapy
k Donald Meichenbaum’s Cognitive
Behavior Modifi cation
Introduction
How Behavior Changes
Coping Skills Programs
The Constructivist Approach to Cognitive
Behavior Therapy
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
From a Multicultural Perspective
Strengths From a Diversit y Perspective
Shortcomings From a Diversit y Perspective
k Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Applied to the Case of Stan
k Summary and Evaluation
Contributions of the Cognitive Behavioral
Approaches
Limitations and Criticisms of the Cognitive
Behavioral Approaches
k Where to Go From Here
Recommended Supplementary Readings
References and Suggested Readings
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
– 273 –
A L B E R T E L L I S
ALBERT ELLIS (1913–2007)
was born in Pittsburgh but
escaped to the wilds of New
York at the age of 4 and lived
there (except for a year in New
Jersey) for the rest of his life. He
was hospitalized nine times as
a child, mainly with nephritis,
and developed renal glycosuria
at the age of 19 and diabetes at the age of 40. By rigor-
ously taking care of his health and stubbornly refusing
to make himself miserable about it, he lived an unusually
robust and energetic life, until his death at age 93.
Realizing that he could counsel people skillfully and
that he greatly enjoyed doing so, Ellis decided to become
a psychologist. Believing psychoanalysis to be the
deepest form of psychotherapy, Ellis was analyzed and
supervised by a training analyst. He then practiced psy-
choanalytically oriented psychotherapy, but eventually
he became disillusioned with the slow progress of his cli-
ents. He observed that they improved more quickly once
they changed their ways of thinking about themselves
and their problems. Early in 1955 he developed rational
emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Ellis has rightly been
called the “grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy.”
Until his illness during the last two years of his life, he
generally worked 16 hours a day, seeing many clients for
individual therapy, making time each day for professional
writing, and giving numerous talks and workshops in
many parts of the world.
To some extent Ellis developed his approach as a
method of dealing with his own problems during his
youth. At one point in his life, for example, he had exag-
ge ...
NON DIRECTIVE THERAPY in child therapy.pptx
Virginia Axline pioneered non-directive play therapy, which uses play as the primary means of communication between therapist and child client. Her 1964 book Dibs in Search of Self chronicled her therapeutic relationship with a nonverbal 5-year-old boy through play therapy. Over several months, the boy was able to express himself through play and emerged with an IQ of 168, demonstrating play therapy's effectiveness. Axline developed eight principles for non-directive play therapy based on Carl Rogers' person-centered approach, which focuses on unconditional acceptance and a trusting relationship to allow children to freely express emotions and find their own solutions.
Mason ch 11 rebt-notes
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. Some key points:
- REBT is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on identifying and disputing irrational beliefs that lead to emotional distress.
- Ellis was influenced by Stoic philosophy which held that people are disturbed not by events but by their views of events. However, REBT recognizes the healthy expression of emotions.
- A core concept is the A-B-C model - that activating events (A) do not directly cause emotional/behavioral consequences (C) but rather the beliefs (B) one holds about the events.
- The goal of REBT counseling is to help clients develop a
Anna freud and karen horney (psyhcology)
Anna Freud was the daughter of Sigmund Freud and made significant contributions to psychoanalysis and child psychology. She developed techniques for treating children using play and observation, recognizing that children's symptoms and abilities differ from adults. Freud established the field of child psychoanalysis and emphasized the role of the ego in personality development. She systematically studied defense mechanisms and provided clear explanations of their functions. Her work influenced the development of ego psychology and established psychoanalysis as an empirical field of study.
Homosexuality: Its causes and cure
This introduction summarizes the key points of contention between Dr. Albert Ellis and the homophile movement regarding his work on homosexuality. Specifically, Dr. Ellis believes that exclusive homosexuality is a neurotic condition that can potentially be cured or changed through psychotherapy. While he strongly supports the legal and social rights of homosexuals, the homophile movement views his perspective on cure as a threat and denounces his findings. The introduction aims to provide context around this schism and acknowledge that Dr. Ellis arrives at his conclusions through clinical practice, while still being sympathetic to the challenges faced by the homosexual community.
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Jules Evans explores ancient Greek and Roman philosophy's perspectives on well-being and their connection to modern psychotherapy. He celebrates how modern psychotherapy relates to the wisdom of thinkers like Socrates and the Stoics. However, he warns that the new focus on happiness risks becoming too restrictive. The radio program discusses Evans' research into how ancient philosophy helped him personally overcome mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
Positive Thinking Essay.pdf
Essay on Positive Thinking | Short and Long Essays on Positive Thinking .... The Power of Positive Thinking for Those Diagnosed with Challenges Free .... 8 Positive Thinking Assignments for Students - Brookes Publishing Co.. Write a short essay on Positive Thinking | Essay Writing | English ....
Introduction to Psychology
This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychologists study both observable behaviors and mental processes. The document outlines several early philosophers who influenced the foundation of psychology, including Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes. It describes the main goals of psychology as describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior. Several major schools of thought in psychology are introduced, including structuralism, functionalism, psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanism, Gestalt, biological, cognitive, evolutionary, and social-cultural perspectives. Finally, it discusses some key issues debated in psychology such as nature versus nurture and free will versus determinism.
Anna freud
Anna Freud was Sigmund Freud's daughter who expanded psychoanalysis in several ways. She focused on studying children through her work establishing clinics for child analysis. Her research emphasized understanding ego defenses and how the ego functions. This helped establish the field of ego psychology, which views the ego as more than just serving the id and explores its independent functions. She made important contributions to analyzing children and standardized clinical records that helped establish psychoanalysis as a more empirical discipline.
Rational emotive behavior therapy
Ellis was born in 1913 in Pittsburgh and raised in New York City. He had a difficult childhood due to family strife and health issues, which led him to focus on problem-solving through reading. In his early life, he aspired to be a novelist but was unable to get published. He then pursued psychoanalysis but grew dissatisfied with its limitations. He developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which argues that irrational beliefs cause emotional disturbances and that disputing these beliefs can resolve problems. REBT became popular through his many books and workshops. Ellis spent his career developing and promoting REBT until his death in 2007.
What Lies Beneath: Personality theories simplified
A quick read on Personality theories and approaches to human mind and behavior, simplified for the time pressed HR professionals of today
E4-1DetJulesEvansScript
Jules Evans explores ancient Greek and Roman philosophy's perspectives on well-being and their influence on modern psychotherapy. He celebrates the links between modern psychotherapy techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy and the wisdom of philosophers like Socrates and the Stoics. However, he warns that the new focus on happiness and well-being risks becoming too restrictive. The radio program discusses Evans' personal experience with anxiety and depression in university and how studying ancient philosophy helped him understand and improve his mental health.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Case Study The patien.docx
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Case Study
The patient is an 11-year-old girl who has been complaining of intermittent right lower
quadrant pain and diarrhea for the past year. She is small for her age. Her physical
examination indicates some mild right lower quadrant tenderness and fullness.
Studies Results
Hemoglobin (Hgb), 8.6 g/dL (normal: >12 g/dL)
Hematocrit (Hct), 28% (normal: 31%-43%)
Vitamin B12 level, 68 pg/mL (normal: 100-700 pg/mL)
Meckel scan, No evidence of Meckel diverticulum
D-Xylose absorption, 60 min: 8 mg/dL (normal: >15-20 mg/dL)
120 min: 6 mg/dL (normal: >20 mg/dL)
Lactose tolerance, No change in glucose level (normal: >20 mg/dL rise in
glucose)
Small bowel series, Constriction of multiple segments of the small intestine
Diagnostic Analysis
The child's small bowel series is compatible with Crohn disease of the small intestine.
Intestinal absorption is diminished, as indicated by the abnormal D-xylose and lactose
tolerance tests. Absorption is so bad that she cannot absorb vitamin B12. As a result, she has
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. She was placed on an aggressive immunosuppressive
regimen, and her condition improved significantly. Unfortunately, 2 years later she
experienced unremitting obstructive symptoms and required surgery. One year after surgery,
her gastrointestinal function was normal, and her anemia had resolved. Her growth status
matched her age group. Her absorption tests were normal, as were her B12 levels. Her
immunosuppressive drugs were discontinued, and she is doing well.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. Why was this patient placed on immunosuppressive therapy?
2. Why was the Meckel scan ordered for this patient?
3. What are the clinical differences and treatment options for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s
Disease? (always on boards)
4. What is prognosis for patients with IBD and what are the follow up recommendations for
managing disease?
I want a research paper about “Rational emotive behavior therapy” by Albert Ellis. I Have uploaded 2 articles, a section from Albert Ellis’s book, and a review about the book. You have to use these sources along the paper and if you used another source please cite them. You have to talk about the REBT, what is it, how is it used and why some people criticize it.
Instructions:
· APA format
· It must be 5-7 pages
· Double spaced
· I want it by Tuesday at 6:00 pm.
· You have to use your own word
R
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Windy Dryden
Keywords: rational emotive behavior therapy, rationality and irra-
tionality, psychological interactionism, active-directive treatment
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was founded in
1955 by Albert Ellis, a U.S. clinical psychologist. Originally
trained as a psychoanalyst, Ellis was disappointed at the
results he obtained from this form of therapy and after a
period of experimentation in various therapeutic methods of
the time, he brought t.
I'm ok you're ok
I'm OK, You're OK, by Thomas A Harris MD, is one of the best selling self-help books ever published.It is a practical guide to Transactional Analysis as a method for solving problems in life.
Transactional analysis
Transactional analysis (TA) was formulated by Eric Berne in the 1960s as a model of psychotherapy and personality theory. It views personality as comprising three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The goal of TA therapy is to help clients transform themselves by identifying distorted ego states and restoring healthy communication patterns. Key concepts include strokes, transactions, games, and life scripts. While providing a simple framework, TA has been criticized for its cognitive focus and lack of empirical support since Berne's death.
transactionalanalysis-160608101249-1.pdf
Transactional analysis (TA) was formulated by Eric Berne in the 1960s as a model of psychotherapy and personality theory. It views personality as comprising three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The goal of TA therapy is to help clients transform themselves by identifying distorted ego states and restoring healthy communication patterns. Key concepts include transactions between ego states, games people play, and life scripts formed in childhood. TA aims to increase self-awareness and autonomy through techniques like treatment contracting, interrogation, and script analysis.
Presentation 2
The document provides an overview of the key topics covered in a psychology lecture, including:
- Early psychologists like Wundt who studied consciousness using introspection.
- William James who believed thinking and other mental processes help humans survive.
- Memory studies by Ebbinghaus and Calkins showing forgetting occurs rapidly at first.
- Cognitive psychology focusing on thinking, perceiving, and other intellectual processes.
- Behaviorism studying how learning from experience shapes behavior.
- Freud believing unconscious motives like sex and aggression influence behavior.
- Neuroscience examining the brain structures underlying psychological processes.
- The sociocultural perspective considering how gender, culture and experiences shape people.
lec#2.pptx
This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It summarizes that psychology separated from philosophy in the 19th century with roots in biology. Important figures mentioned include Darwin, who developed the theory of evolution, Wundt who opened the first psychology lab, Titchener who founded structuralism, James who founded functionalism, Freud who founded psychoanalysis, Pavlov who discovered classical conditioning, Skinner who researched operant conditioning, and Piaget who studied child development. The document also briefly discusses humanism, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Gestalt psychology.
Similar to Introduction Albert Ellis (19)
What Lies Beneath: Personality theories simplified
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Case Study The patien.docx
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Possible Question for Consideration
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Resisting Academic Dependency
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Levels of Validity and Scientific Standards
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Introduction Albert Ellis
- 1. Submitted to: Prof. Agnes Montalbo Rizal Technological University Submitted by: Joan G. Robedillo
- 2. Albert Ellis (1913-2007) Was born in Pittsburgh He was hospitalized nine times as a child, mainly with nephritis, at the age of 19 and diabetes, at the age of 40.
- 3. -By rigouosy taking care of his health and stubbornly refusing to make him miserable about it, he lives an unusually robust and energetic life, until his death at age 93.
- 4. -Believing psychoanalysis to be the deepest form of psychotherapy, Ellis was analyzed and supervised by a training analyst. -Early in 1995 he developed rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT).
- 5. -Ellis has rightly been called the “grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy.” -Rational emotive behavioral therapy was one of the first cognitive behavior therapies.
- 6. -REBT is based on the assumption that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact significantly and have a reciprocal cause-and- effect relationship.
- 7. -REBT became a general school of psychotherapy aimed at providing clients with the tools to restructure their philosophical and behavioral styles. (Ellis 2001b; Ellis & Blau, 1998) Ellis also gives credit to Adler as an influential precursor.
- 8. -Like the Aldlerian approach, REBT emphasized the role of social interest in determining psychological health. -There are other Adlerian influences on REBT, such as the importance of goals, purposes, values, and meanings in human existence.
- 9. -REBT’s basic hypothesis is that our emotions to stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations.
- 10. -REBT differs from many other therapeutic approaches in that it does not place much value on free association, working with dreams, focusing on the clients past history, expressing and exploring feelings, or dealing with transference phenomena.
- 11. -Until his illness during the last two years of his life ,he generally work 16 hours a day, seeing many clients individual therapy, making time each day for professional writing, and giving numerous talks and workshops in many parts of the world.
- 12. -Ellis developed his approach as a method of dealing with his own problems during his youth.
- 13. For example, he had exaggerated speaking in public. During his adolescence he was extremely shy around young women. At the age of 19 he forced to talk to 100 different women in the Bronx Botanical Gardens over a period of time.
- 14. -Aaron Temkin Beck (b. 1921) Cognitive Therapy (CT) -Donald Meichenbaum’s cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
- 15. Key Concepts
- 16. -View of Human Nature Rational emotive behavior therapy is based on the assumption that human beings are born with a potential for both rational, or “straight” thinking and irrational, or “crooked”, thinking.
- 17. -View of Emotional Disturbance REBT is based on the premise that although we originally learn irrational beliefs from significant others during childhood, we create irrational dogmas by ourselves.
- 18. Although REBT encourages people to experience healthy feelings of sadness over being unaccepted, it attempts to help them find ways of overcoming unhealthy feelings of depression , anxiety, hurt. Loss of self- worth, and hatred.
- 19. -A-B-C Framework The A-B-C framework is central to REBt theory and practice.
- 20. This model provides a useful tool for understanding the clients feelings, thoughts, events,and behavior. A is the existence of a fact, an activating event, or the behavior or attitude of an individual.
- 21. C is the emotional and behavioral consequence or reaction of the individual, the reaction can be eithr healthy or unhealthy
- 22. A (the activating event) doe.(the emotional consequence). Instead, B which is the persons belief about A, largely causes C, the emotional reaction.