This document provides an introduction to psychology by summarizing its history and key perspectives. It discusses how psychology has progressed through different waves of thought from introspection to the current eclectic wave. The current wave incorporates seven perspectives: biopsychology, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanist, cognitive, and social-cultural. It also outlines psychology's three big debates around nature vs nurture, stability vs change, and continuity vs discontinuity.
Insight is one of the crucial components of a mental status examination in Psychiatry. Scarce data is available in the standard textbooks on this concept.
The following presentation was made after going through the myriad of articles and case studies i found online.
Insight is one of the crucial components of a mental status examination in Psychiatry. Scarce data is available in the standard textbooks on this concept.
The following presentation was made after going through the myriad of articles and case studies i found online.
Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders for NCMHCE StudyJohn R. Williams
Quick review of the essential points— DSM5 diagnosis criteria, assessments, treatments—of these disorders to better prepare for the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam. This was informed by several exam prep programs, and can be used like flashcards or as a presentation.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Introduction to Psychology the Dynamics and reviling the hidden mysteries of Psychology Path. and engraving the arenas in the field of Educational Psychology.
Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders for NCMHCE StudyJohn R. Williams
Quick review of the essential points— DSM5 diagnosis criteria, assessments, treatments—of these disorders to better prepare for the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam. This was informed by several exam prep programs, and can be used like flashcards or as a presentation.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
Introduction to Psychology the Dynamics and reviling the hidden mysteries of Psychology Path. and engraving the arenas in the field of Educational Psychology.
Understand the psychology of human brain and its use in everyday life.
catch the liars vested in the crowd and read some astonishing psychological facts
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. Psychology
What is it?
The study of our inner
feelings and behaviors.
Do our feelings always match our behaviors?
If you call me a
dumbass, I may feel
sad inside.
But I will
still act
tough.
(but I will be
crying on the
inside, so be
gentle).
3. History of Psychology
• Although the science of psychology
started in the late 1800’s, the concept has
been around a lot longer.
• There was evidence of trephination
(cutting holes into a skull to let evil spirits
out) back in the stone age.
It was like a bad SAW movie!!!!
4. Waves of Psychology
• The science of psychology has gone
through about 5 different waves since
it started.
• Waves are different ways of thinking
over time.
5. Wave One: Introspection
Kickin it old school
•Started with William Wundt’s first
psychological laboratory and his
concept of introspection
(structuralism).
•Then William James wrote The
Principles of Psychology and
discussed functionalism.
•In reality these ideas do not have
much impact on how psychologists
think today. These guys were
considered hot, back in
the day!!!!
6. Wave Two: Gestalt Psychology
• Led by Max Wertheimer, these guys focused not on how
we feel, but on how we experience the world.
• The whole of an experience can be more than the sum
of its parts.
Think for a moment of all the reasons that you love your mom.
If you add all those reasons up, do they equal your love for your mom?
Hopefully not!!!
This may seem like
one picture, but it can
be perceived as 3
different faces. Can
you find them?
7. Wave Three: Psychoanalysis
• This wave of thinking started with
Sigmund Freud (in the early 1900’s).
• In a nutshell, during this time period
people believed that most of your
feelings come from a hidden place in
your mind called the unconscious.
• We protect ourselves from our real
feeling by using defense mechanisms.
8. Wave Four: Behaviorism
• During this time period (early to mid 1900s), people
started to ignore how you feel inside.
• All that mattered was how you acted.
• If you they could change your behavior, who cares
how you feel.
• Very popular during the conservative 1950’s when
social appearance mattered more than self
expression.
9. Wave Five: Eclectic
• We are now in wave five….which is about variety.
• Psychologists pick and choose what theories to
use depending on the situation and the client.
Just like Ben 10 choosing the right alien to
fight the bad guy depending the situation.
10. Wave Five is made up of about 7
different perspectives.
In other words, psychologists today, pick
and choose from about 7 schools of
thought to help you with your problems.
Thus we have:
THE SEVEN SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY
11. Biopsychology (Neuroscience)
Perspective
• All of your feelings and behaviors have
an organic root.
• In other words, they come from your
brain, body chemistry,
neurotransmitters, etc…
Let us imagine for a second that your dog died
(sad but it will happen). You become
depressed. You stop eating and sleeping.
What would a psychologist from this school
say is going on and how might they help you?
12. Evolutionary Perspective
• Focuses on Darwinism.
• We behave the way
we do because we
inherited those
behaviors.
• Thus, those behaviors
must have helped
ensure our ancestors
survival. How could this behavior ensured
Homer’s ancestors survival?
13. Psychoanalytic Perspective
• Focuses on the
unconscious mind.
• We repress many of
our true feelings
and are not aware
of them.
• In order to get
better, we must
bring forward the
true feelings we
have in our
unconscious.
If a man has
intimacy issues
and cannot form
relationships
with others.
What do you
think someone
from this school
may think?
Perhaps they may
delve into the man’s
unconscious and
discover that he was
bullied when he were
younger. The bullying
may have caused fear
in getting close to
others.
14. Behavioral Perspective
• Focuses on observable
behaviors while putting
feelings to the side.
• We behave in ways
because we have been
conditioned to do so.
• To change behaviors,
we have to recondition
the client.
Pretend that you
fail psychology
class. You become
depressed. In turn,
you begin to binge
and gain weight.
What do you think a
behaviorist may do?
They would probably ignore
the fact that you are
depressed and just focus on
your overeating.
Maybe make you run a mile every time you eat over 2000 calories.
15. Humanist Perspective
• Peaked in the late
190’s and 70’s….so it
focused on spirituality
and free will.
• We have to strive to
be the best we can be
“self-actualization”.
• Happiness is defined
by the distance
between our “self-
concept” and “ideal
self”.
16. Cognitive Perspective
• Focuses on how we
think (or encode
information)
• How do we see the
world?
• How did we learn to act
to sad or happy events?
• Cognitive Therapist
attempt to change the
way you think.
You meet a girl…
Hopes are high!!!
She rejects you…
don’t even get
digits.
How do you react to the rejection?
Some learned get back on
the horse
And try again.
Some learned to give up
and live a lonely life of
solitude.
17. Social-Cultural Perspective
• Says that much of your
behavior and your
feelings are dictated by
the culture you live in.
• Some cultures kiss each
other when greeting,
some just bow.
• Does your culture place
value on individual or
the group?
This is my culture!!!
(this is the point when
my wife rolls here eyes).
18. Psychology’s Three Big Debates
• Nature Versus Nurture
• Stability Versus
Change
• Continuity Versus
Discontinuity