Development of Sub-regional TIMES Energy system model for IndiaIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a TIMES energy system model for India that divides the country into 5 sub-regions and uses 288 detailed time-slices to model power sector demand and supply in hourly increments through 2050. Key aspects of the model include sub-classified demand across 5 sectors, representation of diverse primary energy sources and power generation technologies, and analysis of issues like variable renewable energy integration, demand-side management, and cross-regional power sharing. Representative model results are shown to demonstrate impacts of scenarios like coal plant retrofitting and life extensions.
The document summarizes the work done to develop an energy modeling tool called TIMES-AZ to help Azerbaijan plan its long-term energy strategy. Key points:
- TIMES-AZ was built to model Azerbaijan's energy system out to 2050 and explore scenarios around climate targets and policies.
- Scenarios tested with TIMES-AZ included a base case and scenarios requiring 40% emissions reductions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.
- Moving forward, efforts are recommended to establish a long-term energy planning unit in Azerbaijan and continue improving TIMES-AZ through updated data and running policy scenarios to support decision makers.
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonizat...IEA-ETSAP
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonization pathways for New York City using City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies (COMET)
Dr. Ozge Kaplan, US Environmental Protection Agency
Putting hydropower and renewables in contextCPWF Mekong
This document summarizes a project assessing the potential role of renewables in power supply in the Mekong region. It finds that renewables have significant technical potential, including over 90 GW from solar, wind, geothermal, small hydro and biomass. However, renewables face barriers to wider deployment. Hydropower currently plays a major role in centralized grid systems, while renewables are smaller-scale and connected to distribution networks. High renewable penetration will require technologies like gas or hydropower that can respond quickly to output variations. While not direct substitutes, hydropower and renewables could complement each other, with hydropower helping to integrate variable renewables. Realizing their synergies would require changes to institutional
Pushing the limits of TIAM - Achieving well-below 2 degrees scenariosIEA-ETSAP
1) The document discusses modifications made to the TIAM energy systems model to better represent pathways limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C.
2) Modifications included faster deployment of low-carbon technologies, lower demand through behavior changes and efficiency, and advanced technologies.
3) Model runs with the modifications resulted in lower cumulative CO2 emissions over 2005-2100 compared to the original model, bringing the emissions closer to a 1.5 degree C pathway. However, very deep decarbonization poses challenges in terms of plausibility.
Using Urban Design And Architecture To Get To ZeroTom Hootman
Positive Zero: Using Urban Design and Architecture to get to zero carbon. This presentation was made by Pat Dawe and Tom Hootman of RNL at the 2009 Gulf Coast Green Conference in Houston.
The document discusses using urban design and architecture to achieve zero carbon emissions through development. It outlines key strategies at different scales from buildings to neighborhoods to regions. Combining approaches like mixed-use development, green buildings, neighborhood infill, and renewable energy is identified as having the most impact to reduce carbon footprints to zero. A model is presented to quantify carbon reductions from different sustainable development techniques. The conclusion is that development has strong leverage over climate change and a comprehensive, measurement-based approach is needed to achieve carbon neutral goals.
Development of Sub-regional TIMES Energy system model for IndiaIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a TIMES energy system model for India that divides the country into 5 sub-regions and uses 288 detailed time-slices to model power sector demand and supply in hourly increments through 2050. Key aspects of the model include sub-classified demand across 5 sectors, representation of diverse primary energy sources and power generation technologies, and analysis of issues like variable renewable energy integration, demand-side management, and cross-regional power sharing. Representative model results are shown to demonstrate impacts of scenarios like coal plant retrofitting and life extensions.
The document summarizes the work done to develop an energy modeling tool called TIMES-AZ to help Azerbaijan plan its long-term energy strategy. Key points:
- TIMES-AZ was built to model Azerbaijan's energy system out to 2050 and explore scenarios around climate targets and policies.
- Scenarios tested with TIMES-AZ included a base case and scenarios requiring 40% emissions reductions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.
- Moving forward, efforts are recommended to establish a long-term energy planning unit in Azerbaijan and continue improving TIMES-AZ through updated data and running policy scenarios to support decision makers.
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonizat...IEA-ETSAP
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonization pathways for New York City using City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies (COMET)
Dr. Ozge Kaplan, US Environmental Protection Agency
Putting hydropower and renewables in contextCPWF Mekong
This document summarizes a project assessing the potential role of renewables in power supply in the Mekong region. It finds that renewables have significant technical potential, including over 90 GW from solar, wind, geothermal, small hydro and biomass. However, renewables face barriers to wider deployment. Hydropower currently plays a major role in centralized grid systems, while renewables are smaller-scale and connected to distribution networks. High renewable penetration will require technologies like gas or hydropower that can respond quickly to output variations. While not direct substitutes, hydropower and renewables could complement each other, with hydropower helping to integrate variable renewables. Realizing their synergies would require changes to institutional
Pushing the limits of TIAM - Achieving well-below 2 degrees scenariosIEA-ETSAP
1) The document discusses modifications made to the TIAM energy systems model to better represent pathways limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C.
2) Modifications included faster deployment of low-carbon technologies, lower demand through behavior changes and efficiency, and advanced technologies.
3) Model runs with the modifications resulted in lower cumulative CO2 emissions over 2005-2100 compared to the original model, bringing the emissions closer to a 1.5 degree C pathway. However, very deep decarbonization poses challenges in terms of plausibility.
Using Urban Design And Architecture To Get To ZeroTom Hootman
Positive Zero: Using Urban Design and Architecture to get to zero carbon. This presentation was made by Pat Dawe and Tom Hootman of RNL at the 2009 Gulf Coast Green Conference in Houston.
The document discusses using urban design and architecture to achieve zero carbon emissions through development. It outlines key strategies at different scales from buildings to neighborhoods to regions. Combining approaches like mixed-use development, green buildings, neighborhood infill, and renewable energy is identified as having the most impact to reduce carbon footprints to zero. A model is presented to quantify carbon reductions from different sustainable development techniques. The conclusion is that development has strong leverage over climate change and a comprehensive, measurement-based approach is needed to achieve carbon neutral goals.
Climate Change Conference Pape, Rio 2011Colin Beattie
This document discusses tools to assess the carbon emissions of urban development projects. It presents a framework that identifies all sources of carbon emissions in the lifecycle of a development. It then describes two tools - CCAPPrecinct and an eTool - that can model, predict, and monitor the carbon consequences of development pathways over time. It also provides examples of applying the tools to a development in Western Australia and remote settlements. The tools help decision-makers understand mitigation opportunities and targets to reduce carbon emissions from urban planning and infrastructure choices.
Analysis of the required global energy system transformations and the associa...IEA-ETSAP
Analysis of the required global energy system transformations and the associated macroeconomic implications in order to meet ambitious decarbonization targets
Status of US CCS projects and data availableIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes NETL's modeling of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It discusses NETL's analysis of CCS technology costs and performance based on their engineering models. It also reviews the results of energy system modeling using these cost and performance assumptions, with and without the success of DOE's CCS research goals. The modeling shows little CCS deployment without research success, but large-scale deployment of coal and gas CCS technologies if research goals are met to reduce costs.
Extracting Insights from Many Scenarios: Examples from FACETSIEA-ETSAP
1) The Framework for Analysis of Climate-Energy-Technology Systems (FACETS) is a multi-region US energy system model that runs many scenarios to extract insights.
2) Running numerous scenarios that vary key dimensions like fuel prices, technology costs, and policies allows identification of competing technologies, marginal technologies, and how policy responses are affected by other assumptions.
3) Interpreting multiple scenarios reveals how emissions and technology outcomes depend on underlying relationships within the energy system and identifies combinations of dimensions where a policy may be ineffective, costly, or non-binding.
Impacts of deep decarbonization pathways on the Italian energy intensive indu...IEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes the results of a study exploring the impacts of different decarbonization pathways for Italy's energy system and industries to achieve an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Three scenarios were modeled - one with high deployment of CCS, one focusing on energy efficiency, and one with limited CCS and high energy prices. The scenarios showed large reductions in energy use and CO2 emissions but varying economic impacts, with GDP declining more in scenarios with limited decarbonization options for industry. Macroeconomic effects included changes in output, employment and trade balances across economic sectors.
This document summarizes an airport planning conference in New England. It discusses trends in the aviation industry toward larger planes, higher passenger loads, and airline consolidation. It also outlines trends in airport development, such as more sustainable facilities and climate change adaptation. Specific airport projects highlighted include a new rental car facility at Logan Airport, new JetBlue service at Worcester Regional Airport, and an improvement program at T.F. Green Airport involving expanding facilities and enhancing safety and efficiency. Presenters discussed environmental reporting and planning efforts at Logan to publicly disclose impacts and ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses strategies for embedding distributed renewable energy in new property developments to support low-carbon urban energy transitions in Africa. It argues that the high rates of urbanization and property development provide an opportunity to couple low-carbon energy generation with new buildings. With support from public strategic planning and regulations, large property projects could invest in on-site renewable energy infrastructure as a distinct asset, reducing risks for developers. This would help scale up distributed energy networks that could later interconnect at a city-wide level.
Economic impact assessment of hydrogen energypradeepchanda2
The document discusses the potential economic impacts of hydrogen energy. It analyzes the necessary investments to build hydrogen infrastructure and impacts on employment, GDP, and international competitiveness. The success of a green hydrogen economy depends on hydrogen being competitive under future market conditions. Building infrastructure will require substantial investments of £3.5-11.4 billion by 2035 in the UK. Minimizing conversion, storage, and transport costs can improve hydrogen's commercial competitiveness. The document also examines scenarios for hydrogen market capture and impacts on GDP and employment in Australia.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
This document provides details about a master's project conducted in Rotterdam, Netherlands from 2007-2008. The project aimed to develop spatial strategies to minimize greenhouse gas emissions through an urban planning case study. It analyzed energy use and emissions in Rotterdam, focusing on the Pendrecht neighborhood. The project identified six spatial values related to energy use in housing and transportation: framework of movement, provision of transport alternatives, land-use characteristics, housing density, housing quality, and use of renewable energy. It used these six values to inform the development of implementing measures for an urban renewal plan in Pendrecht to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through improvements to transportation options and housing.
1. The document discusses India's projected energy demand over the 12th Five Year Plan period, which is estimated to require energy supply growth of 6.5% annually to support a GDP growth target of 9% per year.
2. It outlines India's policies and initiatives to promote energy efficiency and increase domestic energy production to help meet this demand, such as efficiency standards, renewable energy targets, and expanding exploration under NELP.
3. However, it notes that energy prices in India are substantially below global levels for various fuels like diesel, kerosene and LPG, creating economic distortions and undermining energy security, so rationalization of pricing is needed.
This presentation outlines Cuyahoga County's Municipal Energy Program, which received $5.7 million from the US Department of Energy to stimulate the economy and improve energy efficiency. $3 million was set aside for municipalities to conduct energy audits and implement conservation projects. Eligible municipalities can receive full grants for audits and up to 80% matching funds for projects. The goals are to benchmark energy usage, track cost savings, and build capacity for a green energy economy in Cuyahoga County through regional coordination on energy policies and procurement.
The document summarizes environmental regulations affecting the power industry and tips for communicating about these complex regulations to business managers. It outlines upcoming regulations for air, climate, water, and waste that will impact power companies' strategies. These include regulations for transport of air pollutants, mercury emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, cooling water intake, wastewater discharge, and coal ash storage. It advises power companies to take a comprehensive view when planning for regulations. It also provides tips for refining key messages about regulations, targeting the right audiences, and effectively presenting complex technical information.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations of an MIT-led study on the potential of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) to provide a major source of electricity in the US by 2050. The study assessed the EGS resource potential, reviewed over 30 years of field testing experience, examined drilling and plant construction costs, performed economic modeling, and identified policy support needed for EGS to contribute over 100,000 MWe of capacity. The panel found that EGS is technically feasible but further R&D is required to lower costs before it can compete economically without incentives or subsidies.
Summit Power Group is a developer of clean energy projects including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Sasha Mackler discussed Summit's focus on developing CCS projects to provide CO2 for enhanced oil recovery and produce low-carbon electricity. Mackler outlined two of Summit's major CCS projects - the Texas Clean Energy Project, a coal gasification facility that will capture 3 million tons of CO2 per year, and the Captain Clean Energy Project in the UK, which will capture over 3.8 million tons of CO2 per year from an integrated gasification combined cycle facility. Mackler noted that while CCS technologies are commercially viable, successful large-scale projects are still needed to demonstrate the business case for implementing C
Viterbo Offshore Wind Energy In BrazilJean Viterbo
This document discusses the potential for offshore wind energy development in Brazil. It notes that Brazil has the third largest offshore wind resource in the world. While Brazil has made progress in developing onshore wind power, there is still opportunity to strengthen research and development of offshore wind energy projects, both nearshore and further offshore where oil extraction already occurs. Offshore wind energy could help meet electricity demand in coastal load centers and diversify Brazil's energy portfolio. The document argues Brazil should pursue offshore wind energy to gain strategic advantages in energy supply, industrial development, and participation in clean energy markets.
ILFI presentation on energy sector by ILFI National Council on EnergyILFIindia
This document provides an overview of issues, challenges and imperatives facing India's power sector, with a focus on thermal power, hydro power, and renewable energy like solar and wind. It notes that India's power generation capacity will need to increase substantially to meet projected demand growth. Key challenges include fuel supply constraints, land acquisition delays, procedural delays in approvals, lack of transmission infrastructure, and high AT&C losses in distribution. Suggested solutions involve developing transportation infrastructure to support fuel supply, streamlining approval processes, enforcing renewable purchase obligations, and improving financial viability of distribution companies.
Update on Australian TIMES Model DevelopmentIEA-ETSAP
The document provides an update on the development of the Australian TIMES (AUS-TIMES) energy system model by CSIRO, including an overview of CSIRO, the Australian energy landscape, the structure and capabilities of the AUS-TIMES model, and future plans to improve the model by adding additional technologies, distributed energy resources, and collaborating with other organizations. The AUS-TIMES model is used to analyze pathways for Australia's energy system out to 2050 across multiple sectors including electricity, transport, and considers high renewable energy penetration scenarios. Results from scenarios show significant increases in renewable energy and electricity supplied from renewable sources as
This document summarizes a technology strategy for greening the Cape and Islands region of Massachusetts. It outlines the context of energy challenges and policies, presents an inventory of the region's current energy use and emissions, and identifies priority technology areas and high impact projects to reduce fossil fuel dependence and transition to renewable energy sources. These include improving building envelopes and heating systems, promoting biofuels and electric vehicles, developing offshore wind and community-scale renewable projects, and integrating smart grid technologies. The strategy estimates the region could achieve around 70% energy independence and cut carbon emissions by 61% through these initiatives.
Exploration of cross-sector emissions benefits of medium- and heavy-duty vehi...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the air pollution and emissions benefits of electrifying medium- and heavy-duty vehicles using the EPAUS9rT-TIMES energy system model. The research finds that adopting a target of 100% zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles by 2050 results in net carbon dioxide reductions despite increasing electricity demand. It also finds marginal reductions in other air pollutants from the transportation sector, though reductions are smaller than declines seen in the power and industrial sectors. A carbon tax can further reduce emissions but is not necessary for the zero-emissions vehicle target to provide benefits.
Climate Change Conference Pape, Rio 2011Colin Beattie
This document discusses tools to assess the carbon emissions of urban development projects. It presents a framework that identifies all sources of carbon emissions in the lifecycle of a development. It then describes two tools - CCAPPrecinct and an eTool - that can model, predict, and monitor the carbon consequences of development pathways over time. It also provides examples of applying the tools to a development in Western Australia and remote settlements. The tools help decision-makers understand mitigation opportunities and targets to reduce carbon emissions from urban planning and infrastructure choices.
Analysis of the required global energy system transformations and the associa...IEA-ETSAP
Analysis of the required global energy system transformations and the associated macroeconomic implications in order to meet ambitious decarbonization targets
Status of US CCS projects and data availableIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes NETL's modeling of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It discusses NETL's analysis of CCS technology costs and performance based on their engineering models. It also reviews the results of energy system modeling using these cost and performance assumptions, with and without the success of DOE's CCS research goals. The modeling shows little CCS deployment without research success, but large-scale deployment of coal and gas CCS technologies if research goals are met to reduce costs.
Extracting Insights from Many Scenarios: Examples from FACETSIEA-ETSAP
1) The Framework for Analysis of Climate-Energy-Technology Systems (FACETS) is a multi-region US energy system model that runs many scenarios to extract insights.
2) Running numerous scenarios that vary key dimensions like fuel prices, technology costs, and policies allows identification of competing technologies, marginal technologies, and how policy responses are affected by other assumptions.
3) Interpreting multiple scenarios reveals how emissions and technology outcomes depend on underlying relationships within the energy system and identifies combinations of dimensions where a policy may be ineffective, costly, or non-binding.
Impacts of deep decarbonization pathways on the Italian energy intensive indu...IEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes the results of a study exploring the impacts of different decarbonization pathways for Italy's energy system and industries to achieve an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Three scenarios were modeled - one with high deployment of CCS, one focusing on energy efficiency, and one with limited CCS and high energy prices. The scenarios showed large reductions in energy use and CO2 emissions but varying economic impacts, with GDP declining more in scenarios with limited decarbonization options for industry. Macroeconomic effects included changes in output, employment and trade balances across economic sectors.
This document summarizes an airport planning conference in New England. It discusses trends in the aviation industry toward larger planes, higher passenger loads, and airline consolidation. It also outlines trends in airport development, such as more sustainable facilities and climate change adaptation. Specific airport projects highlighted include a new rental car facility at Logan Airport, new JetBlue service at Worcester Regional Airport, and an improvement program at T.F. Green Airport involving expanding facilities and enhancing safety and efficiency. Presenters discussed environmental reporting and planning efforts at Logan to publicly disclose impacts and ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses strategies for embedding distributed renewable energy in new property developments to support low-carbon urban energy transitions in Africa. It argues that the high rates of urbanization and property development provide an opportunity to couple low-carbon energy generation with new buildings. With support from public strategic planning and regulations, large property projects could invest in on-site renewable energy infrastructure as a distinct asset, reducing risks for developers. This would help scale up distributed energy networks that could later interconnect at a city-wide level.
Economic impact assessment of hydrogen energypradeepchanda2
The document discusses the potential economic impacts of hydrogen energy. It analyzes the necessary investments to build hydrogen infrastructure and impacts on employment, GDP, and international competitiveness. The success of a green hydrogen economy depends on hydrogen being competitive under future market conditions. Building infrastructure will require substantial investments of £3.5-11.4 billion by 2035 in the UK. Minimizing conversion, storage, and transport costs can improve hydrogen's commercial competitiveness. The document also examines scenarios for hydrogen market capture and impacts on GDP and employment in Australia.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
This document provides details about a master's project conducted in Rotterdam, Netherlands from 2007-2008. The project aimed to develop spatial strategies to minimize greenhouse gas emissions through an urban planning case study. It analyzed energy use and emissions in Rotterdam, focusing on the Pendrecht neighborhood. The project identified six spatial values related to energy use in housing and transportation: framework of movement, provision of transport alternatives, land-use characteristics, housing density, housing quality, and use of renewable energy. It used these six values to inform the development of implementing measures for an urban renewal plan in Pendrecht to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through improvements to transportation options and housing.
1. The document discusses India's projected energy demand over the 12th Five Year Plan period, which is estimated to require energy supply growth of 6.5% annually to support a GDP growth target of 9% per year.
2. It outlines India's policies and initiatives to promote energy efficiency and increase domestic energy production to help meet this demand, such as efficiency standards, renewable energy targets, and expanding exploration under NELP.
3. However, it notes that energy prices in India are substantially below global levels for various fuels like diesel, kerosene and LPG, creating economic distortions and undermining energy security, so rationalization of pricing is needed.
This presentation outlines Cuyahoga County's Municipal Energy Program, which received $5.7 million from the US Department of Energy to stimulate the economy and improve energy efficiency. $3 million was set aside for municipalities to conduct energy audits and implement conservation projects. Eligible municipalities can receive full grants for audits and up to 80% matching funds for projects. The goals are to benchmark energy usage, track cost savings, and build capacity for a green energy economy in Cuyahoga County through regional coordination on energy policies and procurement.
The document summarizes environmental regulations affecting the power industry and tips for communicating about these complex regulations to business managers. It outlines upcoming regulations for air, climate, water, and waste that will impact power companies' strategies. These include regulations for transport of air pollutants, mercury emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, cooling water intake, wastewater discharge, and coal ash storage. It advises power companies to take a comprehensive view when planning for regulations. It also provides tips for refining key messages about regulations, targeting the right audiences, and effectively presenting complex technical information.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations of an MIT-led study on the potential of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) to provide a major source of electricity in the US by 2050. The study assessed the EGS resource potential, reviewed over 30 years of field testing experience, examined drilling and plant construction costs, performed economic modeling, and identified policy support needed for EGS to contribute over 100,000 MWe of capacity. The panel found that EGS is technically feasible but further R&D is required to lower costs before it can compete economically without incentives or subsidies.
Summit Power Group is a developer of clean energy projects including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Sasha Mackler discussed Summit's focus on developing CCS projects to provide CO2 for enhanced oil recovery and produce low-carbon electricity. Mackler outlined two of Summit's major CCS projects - the Texas Clean Energy Project, a coal gasification facility that will capture 3 million tons of CO2 per year, and the Captain Clean Energy Project in the UK, which will capture over 3.8 million tons of CO2 per year from an integrated gasification combined cycle facility. Mackler noted that while CCS technologies are commercially viable, successful large-scale projects are still needed to demonstrate the business case for implementing C
Viterbo Offshore Wind Energy In BrazilJean Viterbo
This document discusses the potential for offshore wind energy development in Brazil. It notes that Brazil has the third largest offshore wind resource in the world. While Brazil has made progress in developing onshore wind power, there is still opportunity to strengthen research and development of offshore wind energy projects, both nearshore and further offshore where oil extraction already occurs. Offshore wind energy could help meet electricity demand in coastal load centers and diversify Brazil's energy portfolio. The document argues Brazil should pursue offshore wind energy to gain strategic advantages in energy supply, industrial development, and participation in clean energy markets.
ILFI presentation on energy sector by ILFI National Council on EnergyILFIindia
This document provides an overview of issues, challenges and imperatives facing India's power sector, with a focus on thermal power, hydro power, and renewable energy like solar and wind. It notes that India's power generation capacity will need to increase substantially to meet projected demand growth. Key challenges include fuel supply constraints, land acquisition delays, procedural delays in approvals, lack of transmission infrastructure, and high AT&C losses in distribution. Suggested solutions involve developing transportation infrastructure to support fuel supply, streamlining approval processes, enforcing renewable purchase obligations, and improving financial viability of distribution companies.
Update on Australian TIMES Model DevelopmentIEA-ETSAP
The document provides an update on the development of the Australian TIMES (AUS-TIMES) energy system model by CSIRO, including an overview of CSIRO, the Australian energy landscape, the structure and capabilities of the AUS-TIMES model, and future plans to improve the model by adding additional technologies, distributed energy resources, and collaborating with other organizations. The AUS-TIMES model is used to analyze pathways for Australia's energy system out to 2050 across multiple sectors including electricity, transport, and considers high renewable energy penetration scenarios. Results from scenarios show significant increases in renewable energy and electricity supplied from renewable sources as
This document summarizes a technology strategy for greening the Cape and Islands region of Massachusetts. It outlines the context of energy challenges and policies, presents an inventory of the region's current energy use and emissions, and identifies priority technology areas and high impact projects to reduce fossil fuel dependence and transition to renewable energy sources. These include improving building envelopes and heating systems, promoting biofuels and electric vehicles, developing offshore wind and community-scale renewable projects, and integrating smart grid technologies. The strategy estimates the region could achieve around 70% energy independence and cut carbon emissions by 61% through these initiatives.
Exploration of cross-sector emissions benefits of medium- and heavy-duty vehi...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the air pollution and emissions benefits of electrifying medium- and heavy-duty vehicles using the EPAUS9rT-TIMES energy system model. The research finds that adopting a target of 100% zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles by 2050 results in net carbon dioxide reductions despite increasing electricity demand. It also finds marginal reductions in other air pollutants from the transportation sector, though reductions are smaller than declines seen in the power and industrial sectors. A carbon tax can further reduce emissions but is not necessary for the zero-emissions vehicle target to provide benefits.
USEPA9rT whole energy system decarbonization scenario analysis in the Energy ...IEA-ETSAP
The EPAUS9r TIMES model was developed in 2002 and has been used to analyze energy and emissions scenarios including deep decarbonization pathways. It models the US energy system at 9 regional levels from 2010-2055. Over 50 organizations have utilized its database. The model was applied to scenarios for the EMF37 study exploring pathways to net-zero emissions for North America by 2050. Preliminary results showed energy system CO2 reductions of 65-79% across scenarios, with additional reductions coming from carbon capture and land use changes. Electrification increased substantially. Carbon capture needs ranged from 1202-3268 Mt. Transportation fuel use decreased 36-47% with electricity and hydrogen replacing liquid fuels.
India case study - Future of Electric Vehicles in Road Passenger Mobility of ...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses future scenarios for electric vehicles (EVs) in India's passenger transport sector. It presents three scenarios: Business As Usual, a National EV Policy scenario, and an EV scenario combined with a 2 degree Celsius global warming target. The National EV Policy scenario assumes policies that support EVs, while the combined scenario also includes a rising carbon price leading to decarbonization of electricity generation. The scenarios estimate EV market share, electricity demand, and impacts on air pollution and CO2 emissions through 2050. While EVs alone may not reduce emissions, the combined scenario shows EVs contributing meaningful emission reductions under a global climate target.
This document discusses designing an interregional transmission overlay for the United States power grid to facilitate high levels of renewable energy. It introduces a 4-step study framework: 1) generating a 40-year generation forecast; 2) selecting transmission candidates; 3) optimizing network expansion using mixed-integer linear programming; and 4) evaluating benefits compared to a benchmark case. The framework is applied to the U.S. grid to design an overlay under a high renewable scenario. Results suggest such an overlay provides social, economic and environmental benefits over the benchmark case with limited interregional transmission.
How higher spatial resolution impacts energy systems analysis: Evidence from ...IEA-ETSAP
Higher spatial resolution in energy systems models provides more accurate results by accounting for regional differences but increases computational complexity. Evidence from a multi-region Irish transport model shows spatially disaggregated analysis better informs infrastructure planning and identifies regions for early electric vehicle adoption. However, higher resolution may also expose regional disparities and inequities if not properly addressed. Overall, spatial disaggregation is most beneficial when heterogeneity between regions is significant.
This document outlines preliminary energy scenarios for the UK that aim to meet policy goals in a safe, sustainable, and economically viable way. Five scenarios are presented that combine different policy options around behavioral changes, demand management, energy efficiency, fuel switching, and emissions control to reduce emissions and reliance on risky technologies. Integrated planning across energy demand and supply sectors is emphasized to ensure technical and economic feasibility over the long term as the energy system transitions away from fossil fuels. Models are referenced that were used to construct and analyze the scenarios.
This document discusses energy efficiency programs in the Tennessee Valley region. It provides details on:
1) The value of energy efficiency programs in reducing costs across the TVA system and keeping customer bills low.
2) Examples of successful energy efficiency projects in the industrial sector that have significantly reduced energy usage and costs for companies.
3) Benchmarks showing TVA's energy efficiency programs are among the top quartile nationally in energy savings achieved and costs.
Ericsson White Paper - Minimizing carbon intensity in telecom networks using TCO techniques
A methodology for optimizing energy efficiency in networks based on the total cost of ownership approach.
ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions.pptssuseradc0be1
This document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICTs) to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Egypt. It outlines opportunities for applying ICTs in the built environment in Egypt to identify their role in energy efficiency and GHG reduction, study applicable energy efficiency measures in buildings, and assess the role of ICTs for smart grids and demand-side management. Energy demand in Egypt could outstrip fossil fuel production by 2050 if no changes are made, and ICTs can have the greatest impact in areas like smart grids, smart buildings, transportation, and smart cities.
This document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICTs) to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Egypt. It outlines opportunities for applying ICTs in the built environment in Egypt to identify their role in energy efficiency and GHG reduction, study applicable energy efficiency measures in buildings, and assess the role of ICTs for smart grids and demand-side management. Energy demand in Egypt could outstrip fossil fuel production by 2050 if no changes are made, and ICTs can have the greatest impact in areas like smart grids, smart buildings, transportation, and smart cities.
The Role of Nuclear Power in a Net Zero World - A Power System Times Model An...IEA-ETSAP
This document presents a model analysis of the role of nuclear power in achieving net zero emissions targets in the United States. It discusses using a Times power system model to examine the economics of new nuclear plants and their impacts on decarbonizing the electricity sector. The analysis will look at four scenarios: costs of nuclear power, impacts on critical minerals, different emissions reduction pathways, and the effects of policies like the Inflation Reduction Act. The model aims to determine the competitiveness of nuclear power and prospects for replacing fossil fuels to 2030 and achieving zero-carbon electricity by 2035 and 2050.
This document discusses deep decarbonization pathways to keep global warming below 2°C. It defines deep decarbonization as transforming the energy economy consistent with significant greenhouse gas reductions. The key highlights are that deep decarbonization requires electrification, energy efficiency, and decarbonizing electricity generation. It also requires action across multiple sectors and offers flexibility in technology choices. While requiring upfront investment, analyses show the total energy system costs of a decarbonized system in 2050 can be similar to today's costs as a percentage of GDP.
The document summarizes the Municipal Energy Program (MEP) funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The MEP aims to improve energy efficiency in municipal buildings through energy audits and conservation projects. Cuyahoga County was awarded $5.7 million and set aside $3 million for the MEP. Eligible municipalities can apply for 100% grants for energy audits or up to 80% matching grants for conservation projects.
This presentation discusses optimizing electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure using microgrids and distributed energy resources (DERs). It notes the current electric grid cannot meet nationwide EV charging needs. By utilizing localized resources like solar, batteries and fuel cells in microgrids, issues with inadequate charging power, charging deserts and high costs can be addressed. The presentation outlines Xendee software that designs and operates optimized microgrids and EV infrastructure. It provides a case study of a university campus microgrid being upgraded to support increased EV loads and highlights key considerations for EV infrastructure modeling like topology, financing schemes, and multi-year planning.
Minimizing carbon intensity in telecom networks using TCO techniques is a white paper that discusses:
1) Telecom networks are growing to meet increasing data usage, but operators must ensure carbon emissions do not increase significantly.
2) The TCO2 framework allows operators to evaluate network investment decisions based on both economic and environmental impacts to lower costs and carbon footprint simultaneously.
3) Using TCO2, operators can analyze alternative network designs and efficiency features to maximize energy efficiency and minimize carbon intensity of traffic growth.
Evaluating the Effects of Municipal Ordinances on Building Emission Profiles ...IEA-ETSAP
Evaluating the Effects of Municipal Ordinances on Building Emission Profiles via Econometrics-Based Demand Forecasting and City-Level Modelling: A Case Study on New York City
Variable Renewable Energy in China's TransitionIEA-ETSAP
Variable Renewable Energy in China's Transition
Ding Qiuyu, UCL Energy Institute
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuelsIEA-ETSAP
The Nordics as a hub for green electricity and fuels
Mr. Till ben Brahim, Energy Modelling Lab, Denmark
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
The role of Norwegian offshore wind in the energy system transitionIEA-ETSAP
The role of Norwegian offshore wind in the energy system transition
Dr. Pernille Seljom, IFE, Norway
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Detail representation of molecule flows and chemical sector in TIMES-BE: prog...IEA-ETSAP
Detail representation of molecule flows and chemical sector in TIMES-BE: progress and challenges
Mr. Juan Correa, VITO, Belgium
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenario...IEA-ETSAP
Green hydrogen trade from North Africa to Europe: optional long-term scenarios with the JRC-EU-TIMES model
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
Ms. Maria Cristina Pinto, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Italy
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Optimal development of the Canadian forest sector for both climate change mit...IEA-ETSAP
Optimal development of the Canadian forest sector for both climate change mitigation and economic growth: an original application of the North American TIMES Energy Model (NATEM)
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/RoadmapIEA-ETSAP
Presentation on IEA Net Zero Pathways/Roadmap
Uwe Remme, IEA
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Flexibility with renewable(low-carbon) hydrogenIEA-ETSAP
Flexibility with renewable hydrogen
Paul Dodds, Jana Fakhreddine & Kari Espegren, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Bioenergy in energy system models with flexibilityIEA-ETSAP
Bioenergy in energy system models with flexibility
Tiina Koljonen & Anna Krook-Riekola, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Reframing flexibility beyond power - IEA Bioenergy TCPIEA-ETSAP
Reframing flexibility beyond power
Mr. Fabian Schipfer, IEA Bioenergy TCP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-c...IEA-ETSAP
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-carbon heating dilemma
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Mr. Andrea Moglianesi, VITO, Belgium
The Regionalization Tool: spatial representation of TIMES-BE output data in i...IEA-ETSAP
The Regionalization Tool: spatial representation of TIMES-BE output data in industrial clusters for future energy infrastructure analysis
Ms. Enya Lenaerts Vito/EnergyVille, Belgium
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Synthetic methane production prospective modelling up to 2050 in the European...IEA-ETSAP
Synthetic methane production prospective modelling up to 2050 in the European Union
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Ms. Marie Codet, Centre de mathématiques appliquées - Mines ParisTech; France
Energy Transition in global Aviation - ETSAP Workshop TurinIEA-ETSAP
Energy Transition in global Aviation - ETSAP Workshop Turin
Mr. Felix Lippkau, IER University of Suttgart, Germany
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiencesIEA-ETSAP
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
VO: reduce the distance between modellers and DM,
VO: the work process
- Making modifications collaboratively,
- Running the model,
- Reports and collaborative analysis
VedaOnline
Mr Rocco De Miglio
16–17th november 2023, amit kanudia, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, kanors-emr, mr rocco de miglio, mr. amit kanudia kanors-emr, november 2023, politecnico di torino, semi-annual meeting, torino, turin, vedaonline
Updates on Veda provided by Amit Kanudia from KanORS-EMRIEA-ETSAP
Veda online updates - Veda for open-source models
TIMES and OSeMOSYSBrowse, Veda Assistant
VEDA2.0, VEDAONLINE, VEDA
Mr. Amit Kanudia KanORS-EMR
16–17th november 2023, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, mr. amit kanudia kanors-emr, november 2023, politecnico di torino lingotto, semi-annual etsap meeting, torino, turin
Energy system modeling activities in the MAHTEP GroupIEA-ETSAP
Energy system modeling activities in the MAHTEP Group
Dr Daniele Lerede, Politecnico di Torino
16–17th november 2023, dr daniele lerede, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, italy, mathep group, november 2023, politecnico di torino, semi-annual meeting, turin
Applying science fiction to approach the futureIEA-ETSAP
The document discusses using science fiction to think about future energy systems. It proposes applying system analysis models to explore different technology combinations that meet future energy needs. However, it notes that these models do not consider social factors like behavior and justice. It suggests using genres like climate fiction and solar punk to bring more collective narratives about energy futures. Specifically, it advocates using a hackathon approach to gather knowledge and create imaginary fiction stories around different future scenarios to help build worlds and consider the human aspects of energy system design.
Will it leak?: Discussions of leakage risk from subsurface storage of carbon ...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the potential risks of leakage from subsurface storage of carbon dioxide. It provides background on CCS, explaining that carbon dioxide is captured from industrial sources and injected underground for permanent storage. It then discusses four main types of potential subsurface leakage: 1) capillary leakage if seal rocks have larger particles, 2) exceeding the fracture gradient of the seal, 3) leakage along or across faults, and 4) leakage from new or legacy boreholes. The document analyzes case studies of both CCS and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects to illustrate examples of each leakage type. It concludes that CCS/CCUS has a low overall risk but is not
Long-Term Decarbonization Pathways In Emerging Economies: Insights From 12 Mo...IEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes the preliminary results of a study comparing long-term decarbonization pathways in 12 developing countries and 2 regions modeled using the Electricity Planning Model. Key findings include:
1) Ambitious decarbonization would require annual investments of 1-3% of GDP, compared to around 1% for business-as-usual scenarios.
2) Renewables, led by solar, would dominate capacity additions. Conventional plants would operate more flexibly to integrate variable renewables.
3) Achieving deep decarbonization would significantly increase energy costs but carbon prices of $20-120/t could enable cost-effective emissions reductions.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Introducing COMET: City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies - Application to New York City
1. Ozge Kaplan, Ph.D. (PI)
Mine Isik, Ph.D. (ORISE Fellow)
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Introducing COMET:
City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies
Application to New York City
2. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
Audience
SUMMER 2020 SEMI-ANNUAL IEA-ETSAP MEETING (Virtual July 2-3, 2020)
The Energy Technology Systems Analysis Program (ETSAP)
Disclaimer
3. Our energy team’s mission
• Multi-decadal air pollutant emission projections (both near- and long-term)
have a variety of real world analysis and applications:
• Long-term planning
• identifying emerging source categories or other environmental issues
• evaluating the synergies and co-benefits among environmental, climate and energy goals
• characterizing the robustness of regulations under wide-ranging conditions
• identifying role of regional planning
• air quality and climate interactions
• Sector-based strategies while considering rest of the energy system
• industrial, building and transportation sectors
• electric grid
• resource extraction
• Technology assessment
• calculating the net environmental impact of new and emerging technologies
4. Geographic scope of models & select applications at EPA/ORD
International US - Regional US - CityUS - State
Since 2010, over 50 peer-reviewed papers (> 30 in-house), have been published using our modeling frameworks.
COMET-NYC
Energy system optimization model
GLIMPSE / GCAM-USA
Human-Earth systems simulation model
TIMES
Energy system optimization models
Evaluation of NYC
transportation policies
Scenarios for exploring deep uncertainty
Assessment of autonomous vehicles
Investigation of industrial and commercial DER options
State and regional EV emission impacts
US - National
PM mortality trends, drivers, and control strategies
Starter model for developing countries
(16 int’l universities, 13 developing countries)
5. • Cities are hot spots for air quality issues due to economic activity and density, and
vulnerable to impacts of climate change
• Current trends highlight importance of cities in mitigating carbon and air emissions
• Cities can be influential in their policies on where and what type of electricity they are
purchasing for consumers.
Develop a tool to address long-term planning questions related to sustainability, resilience,
equity and growth for cities using MARKAL/TIMES
Why focus on cities?
Why New York City?
• the immense availability of data required for energy-water
nexus modeling,
• early adopter of carbon reduction goals,
• awareness of vulnerabilities to climate change
• taking actions to increase resilience of the infrastructure
• existing air quality issues posing danger to health of residents
6. City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies
Built on MARKAL with specific data for New York City
• in the process of converting to TIMES by FALL 2020
Time Horizon: 2010 – 2055, 5-year increments; 2010 and
2015 calibration
Spatial Resolution: New York City at borough level and New
York State
Sectors: electric, transportation, buildings
Pollutants: greenhouse gases and major air pollutants
Initial applications are tailored to:
• Air quality management
• Peak load shaving
• Electric utility capacity expansion
• Building energy technology evaluations
• Transportation futures and impacts of air quality
Kaplan and Isik (2020) City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies: COMET
- New York City Documentation. EPA 600/R-19/124. February 2020.
https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CEMM&dirEntryId=348535
7. • Nearly 60 percent of the state’s electricity
is consumed in the New York City
Metropolitan area (including Long Island)
• 64 natural gas plants (~50%)
• 4 nuclear reactors (33%)
• 180 hydroelectric plants (19%)
• 1 utility scale solar
• 16 peaking units near the city
• EPA has extensive data on individual
generators’ activity and emissions level
Energy System for NYC
7
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/column/new-york-101 New York 101 Series, 2/10/2017.
10. Designed a scenario framework to evaluate New York
City’s transportation policies with a focus on air emissions
Characterized the two most important uncertainties that can impact how cities could attain their goals
1. Speed of end-use demand technology decarbonization
2. Evolution of electric grid towards low carbon fuels
Description Goal
SST – STEADY STATE Business as usual trends Least cost optimization with embedded technology
turnover due to age and existing regulations, no carbon
reduction
DEP – DEPENDENCE City goals are limited by
slower decarbonization of
the grid
Included a constraint to account for the carbon intensity
of electricity consumed by the city.
The CO2 intensity of electricity levels follow BAU trends.
REV – REVOLUTION City goals are aligned with
decarbonization of the grid
Included a constraint to account for the carbon intensity
of electricity consumed by the city.
The CO2 intensity of electricity intensity levels follow
State’s goals on achieving electricity generation from
renewables.
11. New York City’s transportation fuel consumption in PJ
across scenarios
Majority of gasoline consumption
is in light-duty sector, whereas
diesel consumption is happening
in the medium- and heavy-duty
sectors.
New York City already has
substantial electricity consumption
due to subway system.
In the long-term, DEPENDENCE scenario,
shows higher investment in energy
efficiency in light-duty fleet rather than
boosting the electrification of the fleet
Starting in 2030, when CO2 intensity of
the electric grid was high –
DEPENDENCE scenario, model started
to convert heavy-duty short-haul trucks
from diesel to CNG as well as electrified
some portion of the bus fleet
12. Comparison of CO2 and NOx emissions with respect to STEADY STATE
TL: Light duty vehicle; TB: Buses; TM: Medium Duty Trucks; THS: Heavy Duty Trucks; TRP: Subway
• Most of the CO2 reductions were observed in the light-duty sector followed by short-haul heavy duty trucks.
• City-level NOx emissions decrease substantially beyond 2015 in all scenarios
• Deeper NOx reductions are observed in DEPENDENCE due to earlier switch over to newer and fuel-efficient cars as well
as EVs.
• The model was investing in cheaper diesel hybrid vehicles in REVOLUTION, which in turn resulted in an increase in NOx
emissions in the near-term
CO2emissions(kT)NOxemissions(kT)
STEADY STATE DEPENDENCE - STEADY STATE REVOLUTION - STEADY STATE
STEADY STATE DEPENDENCE - STEADY STATE REVOLUTION - STEADY STATE
13. • The DEPENDENCE scenario saw a higher level of fuel switching across multiple modes, both for
passenger and freight
• The fuel switching in the heavy duty sector (especially buses and short haul freight modes) from
diesel to CNG resulted in further reductions in air emissions
• In REVOLUTION, due to clean grid, the model postponed other transportation efficiency
improvements in the near term and invested in BEVs more heavily in later years
Key takeaways
Isik, Dodder and Kaplan (2019) How sustainable are New York City’s transportation policies in the context of broader emissions reduction targets? (currently under revision)
14. • From our preliminary analysis of buildings sector, this sector is much more sensitive to
electric price and CO2 reduction goals and reveals more flexibility in achieving emission
targets through energy efficiency, distributed energy resources, fuel switching etc.
– However, there are multiple challenges with handling an old building stock
• Currently working on converting the model to TIMES framework
• We will be testing mixing of time-periods such that annual modeling until 2030 then
5-yr increments until 2050
• Updating transportation emissions factors tailored to driving patterns in the city
• Exploring options to increase time-slices to better reflect load duration curves
• Developing a web-based visualization tool-kit
Ongoing activities and plans
15. We welcome any questions and comments.
Thank you for your interest
Ozge Kaplan, PhD
Kaplan.Ozge@epa.gov