The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations of an MIT-led study on the potential of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) to provide a major source of electricity in the US by 2050. The study assessed the EGS resource potential, reviewed over 30 years of field testing experience, examined drilling and plant construction costs, performed economic modeling, and identified policy support needed for EGS to contribute over 100,000 MWe of capacity. The panel found that EGS is technically feasible but further R&D is required to lower costs before it can compete economically without incentives or subsidies.
An investigation into the cause of loss of containment from the supply of min...Turlough Guerin GAICD FGIA
An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was punctured during its handling, releasing oil onto soil at an environmentally-sensitive region of Australia. The telehandler did not pierce the plastic of the IBC directly (as was expected) but rather one of the tynes had caught on the underside of the metal base plate, despite numerous controls being in place at time of spill, revealing a previously unreported mechanism for a fluid spill from handling of petroleum hydrocarbons. The diverse investigation team used a root cause analysis (RCA) technique to identify the underlying cause: the inspection process was inadequate with contributing
factors of not using a spotter and design of IBC did not anticipate conditions. Engineering controls were put in place as part of the change management process to help prevent spills
from occurring from piercing from telehandler tynes on the current project site.
PRESS RELEASE
Potential of Renewable Energy Outlined in Report by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Experts Underline Significant Future Role in Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Powering Sustainable Development
Over 160 Scenarios on the Potential of six Renewable Energy Technologies Reviewed by
Global Team of Technological Experts and Scientists
11
th
Session of Working Group III
An investigation into the cause of loss of containment from the supply of min...Turlough Guerin GAICD FGIA
An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was punctured during its handling, releasing oil onto soil at an environmentally-sensitive region of Australia. The telehandler did not pierce the plastic of the IBC directly (as was expected) but rather one of the tynes had caught on the underside of the metal base plate, despite numerous controls being in place at time of spill, revealing a previously unreported mechanism for a fluid spill from handling of petroleum hydrocarbons. The diverse investigation team used a root cause analysis (RCA) technique to identify the underlying cause: the inspection process was inadequate with contributing
factors of not using a spotter and design of IBC did not anticipate conditions. Engineering controls were put in place as part of the change management process to help prevent spills
from occurring from piercing from telehandler tynes on the current project site.
PRESS RELEASE
Potential of Renewable Energy Outlined in Report by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Experts Underline Significant Future Role in Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Powering Sustainable Development
Over 160 Scenarios on the Potential of six Renewable Energy Technologies Reviewed by
Global Team of Technological Experts and Scientists
11
th
Session of Working Group III
Sesti project: Global Sustainable Energy optionsVictor Van Rij
This presentation gives the result of the emerging issues analysis of the SESTI project on the energy domain in 2010. It provides the questions around 5 of the less well known future sustainable options/risks that were discussed in the project. The topics that were addressed are still worth while to review today.
These topics were :
1. Enhancement of the photosynthetic cycle on global scale to provide all food, energy and maintain biodiversity (briefly biomimics)
2. Use of desert areas for gaining solar energy (the DESERTEC scheme)
3. Hybrid nuclear fission-fusion to speed up nuclear fusion
4. The unknown risks of going deeper and further for energy mining
5. The unknown risks of and hydrogen leaking economy
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modali...Ozyegin University
This study presents cascaded thermodynamic and environmental analyses of a high-performance academic building. Five different energy efficiency measures and operation scenarios are evaluated based on the actual measurements starting from the initial design concept. The study is to emphasize that by performing dynamical energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental analyses with increasing complexity, a better picture of building performance indicators can be obtained for both the building owners and users, helping them to decide on different investment strategies. As the first improvement, the original design is modified by the addition of a ground-air heat exchanger for pre-conditioning the incoming air to heat the ground floors. The installation of roof-top PV panels to use solar energy is considered as the third case, and the use of a trigeneration system as an energy source instead of traditional boiler systems is considered as the fourth case. The last case is the integration of all these three alternative energy modalities for the building. It is determined that the use of a trigeneration system provides a better outcome than the other scenarios for decreased energy demand, for cost reduction, and for the improved exergy efficiency and sustainability index values relative to the original baseline design scenario. Yet, an integrated approach combining all these energy generation modalities provide the best return of investment.
Evaluation of the Wind Energy Potential of a Mountainous Region in the Ceará ...drboon
The aim of this work is to evaluate the wind energy potential of two sites in the Ibiapaba Mountain situated in the Ceará State, Brazil. Techniques and parameters used for the assessment of wind energy in those sites are described and statistical analysis of wind speed and direction is performed in data collected of two meteorological stations. It was observed that the Ibiapaba Mountain presents significant wind energy potential and adequate to satisfy the demand for electricity at the region and consequently may be suitable to complement the energy matrix of the Ceará State.
The application and suitability of existing and new valves at various function points throughout the power generation system is outlined and explained. The paper does a good job of reducing the complicated issue into a few pages of direct understandable explanation.
Performance Analysis of BIPV Prototype System Installed in Greece and Main Af...CrimsonpublishersPRSP
Performance Analysis of BIPV Prototype System Installed in Greece and Main Affecting Parameters by A Peppas*, K Kollias, M Taxiarchou, D Mantelis, Ch Politi and I Paspaliaris in Peer Review Journal of Solar & Photoenergy Systems
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
Sesti project: Global Sustainable Energy optionsVictor Van Rij
This presentation gives the result of the emerging issues analysis of the SESTI project on the energy domain in 2010. It provides the questions around 5 of the less well known future sustainable options/risks that were discussed in the project. The topics that were addressed are still worth while to review today.
These topics were :
1. Enhancement of the photosynthetic cycle on global scale to provide all food, energy and maintain biodiversity (briefly biomimics)
2. Use of desert areas for gaining solar energy (the DESERTEC scheme)
3. Hybrid nuclear fission-fusion to speed up nuclear fusion
4. The unknown risks of going deeper and further for energy mining
5. The unknown risks of and hydrogen leaking economy
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modali...Ozyegin University
This study presents cascaded thermodynamic and environmental analyses of a high-performance academic building. Five different energy efficiency measures and operation scenarios are evaluated based on the actual measurements starting from the initial design concept. The study is to emphasize that by performing dynamical energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental analyses with increasing complexity, a better picture of building performance indicators can be obtained for both the building owners and users, helping them to decide on different investment strategies. As the first improvement, the original design is modified by the addition of a ground-air heat exchanger for pre-conditioning the incoming air to heat the ground floors. The installation of roof-top PV panels to use solar energy is considered as the third case, and the use of a trigeneration system as an energy source instead of traditional boiler systems is considered as the fourth case. The last case is the integration of all these three alternative energy modalities for the building. It is determined that the use of a trigeneration system provides a better outcome than the other scenarios for decreased energy demand, for cost reduction, and for the improved exergy efficiency and sustainability index values relative to the original baseline design scenario. Yet, an integrated approach combining all these energy generation modalities provide the best return of investment.
Evaluation of the Wind Energy Potential of a Mountainous Region in the Ceará ...drboon
The aim of this work is to evaluate the wind energy potential of two sites in the Ibiapaba Mountain situated in the Ceará State, Brazil. Techniques and parameters used for the assessment of wind energy in those sites are described and statistical analysis of wind speed and direction is performed in data collected of two meteorological stations. It was observed that the Ibiapaba Mountain presents significant wind energy potential and adequate to satisfy the demand for electricity at the region and consequently may be suitable to complement the energy matrix of the Ceará State.
The application and suitability of existing and new valves at various function points throughout the power generation system is outlined and explained. The paper does a good job of reducing the complicated issue into a few pages of direct understandable explanation.
Performance Analysis of BIPV Prototype System Installed in Greece and Main Af...CrimsonpublishersPRSP
Performance Analysis of BIPV Prototype System Installed in Greece and Main Affecting Parameters by A Peppas*, K Kollias, M Taxiarchou, D Mantelis, Ch Politi and I Paspaliaris in Peer Review Journal of Solar & Photoenergy Systems
Fabrication of new ceramics nanocomposites for solar energy storage and releasejournalBEEI
The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.
The Potential Role of Geothermal Energy as a Major Supplier of Primary Energ...Iceland Geothermal
Jefferson Tester, Croll Professor of Sustainable Energy Systems
Director of the Cornell Energy Institute and Associate Director for Energy in the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Plenary session, Iceland Geothermal Conference 2013
March 5-8, 2013, Harpa, Reykjavík
Paul Norton of NREL spoke about the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative, and the challenges of renewable energy and conservation in Hawaii. Slides from the REIS seminar given at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-03.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Special Issue on Recent Trends, “Innovations and Sustainable Solutions for Next Gen Renewable Energy Systems”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, ISSN: 2319-2518 (Online), indexed in Scopus
Cullen reducing energy demand EST 2011morosini1952
Reducing Energy Demand: What Are the Practical Limits?
Jonathan M. Cullen, Julian M. Allwood*, and Edward H. Borgstein
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4, 1711–1718
Publication Date:January 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/es102641n
Abstract
Concern over the global energy system, whether driven by climate change, national security, or fears of shortage, is being discussed widely and in every arena but with a bias toward energy supply options. While demand reduction is often mentioned in passing, it is rarely a priority for implementation, whether through policy or through the search for innovation. This paper aims to draw attention to the opportunity for major reduction in energy demand, by presenting an analysis of how much of current global energy demand could be avoided. Previous work led to a “map” of global energy use that traces the flow of energy from primary sources (fuels or renewable sources), through fuel refinery, electricity generation, and end-use conversion devices, to passive systems and the delivery of final energy services (transport, illumination, and sustenance). The key passive systems are presented here and analyzed through simple engineering models with scalar equations using data based on current global practice. Physically credible options for change to key design parameters are identified and used to predict the energy savings possible for each system. The result demonstrates that 73% of global energy use could be saved by practically achievable design changes to passive systems. This reduction could be increased by further efficiency improvements in conversion devices. A list of the solutions required to achieve these savings is provided.
Introduction to the Compassionate Systems Framework in SchoolsGlenn Klith Andersen
In education, where interest in social and emotional learning (SEL), mindfulness, and systems thinking is growing, we find both an opportunity and a need to develop models of thinking and teaching that prepare students to better understand and respond to the systems to which these issues belong. We draw from established SEL models, together with developments in the emerging field of complexity science and the study of systems, to establish a framework—what we call a “compassionate systems” framework—for building a cognitive and affective foundation for global citizenship. This framework conceptualizes compassion as an essentially systemic property of mind: to cultivate compassion is to be able to appreciate the systemic forces that influence people’s feelings, thoughts and actions.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
1. The Future of Geothermal Energy Energy Recovery from Enhanced/Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) – Assessment of Impact for the US by 2050 An MIT– led study by an 18- member international panel Primary goal – to provide an independent and comprehensive evaluation of EGS as a major US primary energy supplier Secondary goal – to provide a framework for informing policy makers of what R&D support and policies are needed for EGS to have a major impact
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6. Projected growth in US electricity demand and supply US electricity generation by energy source 1970-2020 in millions of MWe-hr. Source: EIA (2005) Current US generating capacity is now about 1,000,000 MWe or 1 TWe
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8. The Geothermal Option – a missed opportunity for the US ? Is there a feasible path from today’s hydrothermal systems with 3000 MWe capacity to tomorrow’s Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) with 100,000 MWe or more capacity ?
9. EGS defined broadly as engineered reservoirs that have been stimulated to extract economical amounts of heat from unproductive geothermal resources. Enhanced/Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS)
10. Primary goal – to provide an independent and comprehensive evaluation of EGS as a major US primary energy supplier Secondary goal – to provide a framework for informing policy makers of what R&D support and policies are needed for EGS to have a major impact EGS Assessment Project Goals Major impact was defined as enabling 100,000 MWe of an economically viable EGS resource on line or as a true reserve by 2050
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13. 2004 Geothermal Map of North America (Blackwell & Richards) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Heat Flow
14. Heat flow and BHT sites All data sites for US heat flow map including sites of wells with BHT data in the AAPG data base. BHT symbols are based on depth and temperature. The named wells are the BHT calibration points .
15. Sediment thickness map (in meters, modified from AAPG Basement Map of North America, 1978). The 4 km depth contour is outlined with a bold black line. Low-conductivity regions in the western United States are in blue/green.
16. Map of surface temperature (colors, Gass, 1982) and generalized mantle heat flow for the conterminous US (dotted area inside heavy black line is greater than 60 mW/m 2 , the remainder of the area is 30 mWm 2 )
21. Estimated total geothermal resource base and recoverable resource given in EJ or 10 +18 Joules. 1,000,000 EJ 10,000 x US use
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23. 30+ Year History of EGS Research EGS CORE KNOWLEDGE BASE Cooper Basin (Australia) Fenton Hill (USA) Soultz (EU) Rose- manowes (UK) Hijiori & Ogachi (Japan) Future US EGS Program Coso, Desert Peak (US) Basel (Swiss) Other European TBD?
24. Developing stimulation methods to create a well-connected reservoir The critical challenge technically is how to engineer the system to emulate the productivity of a good hydrothermal reservoir Connectivity is achieved between injection and production wells by hydraulic pressurization and fracturing “ snap shot” of microseismic events during hydraulic fracturing at Soultz from Roy Baria
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26. Although EGS is technically feasible, there are a few things left to do 1. Commercial level of fluid production with an acceptable flow impedance thru the reservoir 2. Establish modularity and repeatability of the technology over a range of US sites 3. Lower development costs for low grade EGS systems Our analysis shows that significant reductions in risks and cost will result from a modest investment of federal R&D in the next 15 years to demonstrate EGS at several high grade sites in the US
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29. As EGS resource quality decreases, drilling and stimulation costs dominate
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31. EGS well costs vary less strongly with depth than oil and gas wells. Wellcost Lite Model ----- Comprehensive, details for bit performance, casing design tangible and intangible costs, etc.
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34. Sensitivity analysis – assessment of factors influencing costs 2003 US $ High grade EGS resource- Clear Lake conditions Low grade EGS resource – Conway conditons 80 kg/s flow rate per production well in a quartet configuration (1 injector : 3 producers)
37. Supply Curve for the US EGS resource MIT EGS model predictions with today’s drilling and plant costs and mature reservoir technology at 80 kg/s per production well Reach mature reservoir production rates
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42. Thank you and please read our report at htpp://geothermal.inel.gov
48. Accessible Pressure –Temperature Domain Earth’s Geosphere What about flame drilling at high density in hydrothermal media? Hydrothermal Flames using CH 4 , H 2 , CH 3 OH
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51. Linear drilling can be achieved with thermal spallation and fusion methods With these cost reductions, even low-grade geothermal resources with 20 o C/km gradients become competitive for generating electricity Reducing drilling costs to achieve universal heat mining