This document defines research and nursing research. Research is a systematic, scientific process used to answer questions or solve problems. Nursing research specifically aims to improve nursing care, education, and administration. The purpose of nursing research includes developing the scientific knowledge base of nursing and providing an evidence base for practice. Research uses scientific methods, which are systematic, empirical processes involving formulating hypotheses, collecting data, and analyzing findings. There are two main types of research: quantitative research, which collects numerical data to test theories, and qualitative research, which collects descriptive data to understand phenomena.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
RESEARCH
RATHEESH R.L

2. DEFINITIONS
• RESEARCH
Research is a systematic inquiry that
uses disciplined methods to answer questions or
solve problems.

3. • Research is a process of systematically obtaining
accurate answers to significant and pertinent
questions by the use of scientific methods of
gathering and interpreting information.

4. • NURSING RESEARCH
Nursing research is a scientific,
systematic and orderly process to find out
solution for problems concern to nursing or
generating and refining the nursing knowledge to
improve quality of nursing care, nursing
education and nursing administration.

5. • Nursing research is a way to identify new
knowledge, improve professional education
and practices and use of resources effectively.

6. NEED AND PURPOSE
Research is a fundamental essential
prerequisite for any profession.
• The specific purpose of nursing research includes
identification, description, exploration,
explanation, prediction and control of facts.

7. • Develop refine and extend the scientific base
of knowledge, which is required for quality
nursing care, education and administration.
• Enhance the body of professional knowledge
in nursing.
• Provide foundation for evidence based nursing
practices.

8. • Help in expansion of knowledge, which is
essential for continued growth of nursing
profession.
• Enhance their professional identity as research
is an essential component of any profession.
• Help the nurses to identify the boundaries of
nursing profession.

9. • Refine and eliminate old knowledge so that it
helps in elimination of nursing actions that have
no effect on the achievement of desired client
outcome.
• Identify nursing care practices that makes a
difference in health care status of individuals and
are cost effective.

10. • Develop and refine nursing theories and
principles.
• Solve the problems or answer questions related
to nursing practices, nursing education and
nursing administration.
• Enhance accuracy of different nursing
educational and administrative techniques.

11. SCIENTIFIC METHODS
• Scientific methods are defined as controlled,
systematic investigations that are rooted in
objective reality and that aim to develop
general knowledge about natural phenomena.

12. Characteristics of scientific
methods
• They are orderly and systematic process
• Scientists attempt to control external factors
that are not under direct investigation.
• Their findings are based on empirical
evidence.

13. • Findings of scientific methods can be
generalized, which means that they can be
used in situations other than the one under
study.
• Scientific methods are based on assumptions
or hypothesis.
• They are basically conducted to develop or test
theories.

14. Steps of scientific methods
• Selecting the topic and identifying the research
problem.
• Defining the objectives of the study.
• Reviewing the literature from theory and other
related studies.
• Defining concepts and variables to be studied.

15. • Stating hypothesis about expected observations
or phenomenon to be studied.
• Identifying assumptions and implications.
• Determining the ethical implications of the
proposed study.
• Describing the research design and methods
for data collection.

16. • Defining study population and sample.
• Planning the data analysis and discussion.
• Collecting data from subjects.
• Analysis and interpreting data.
• Communicating findings of the study

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD RESEARCH
• RESEARCH
Research is a systematic inquiry that
uses disciplined methods to answer questions or
solve problems.

18. characteristics of good research
• Orderly and systematic process
• Based on current professional issues
• Begin with clearly defined purposes
• Emphasize to develop, refine and expand
professional knowledge.
• Directed towards development or testing theories.

19. • Finding solution of problem.
• Dedicated to develop empirical evidence.
• Strive to collect first hand information or data.
• An objective and logical process.
• Generate findings to refine and improve
professional practices.
• Use of appropriate methodology.

20. • Conducted on representative samples
• Conducted through appropriate use of methods
and tools of data collection.
• Use of valid and reliable data collection tools.
• Carefully recorded and reported
• Adequately and appropriately analysed
research

21. • Patiently carried out activity
• Researcher’s expertise, interest, motivation and
courage.
• Adequately communicated.

22. TYPES OF RESEARCH
• Mainly it is of two types….
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

23. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• It is an inquiry into an identified problem, based
on testing a theory composed of variables,
measured with numbers and analyzed using
statistical techniques.
• In this type of research data is collected in
numerical form and analyzed by using
descriptive or inferential statistics.

24. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Qualitative research is a field of inquiry in which
data is collected in descriptive form rather than
numerical form.
• In this type of research the data will be analysed
by descriptive coding, indexing and narrations
by using words, pictures or objects.

31. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
• Quantitative research process is
a formal, objective, systematic process for
generating information about the world.
• In quantitative research study
variables are pre selected and defined by the
investigator, the data is collected and quantified
and then statistically analysed.

32. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
FORMULATION OF RESERCH PROBLEM
DETERMINING STUDY OBECTIVES
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

33. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS/
ASSUMPTIONS
SELECTING RESEARCH APPROACH/
DESIGN
SPECIFYING THE POPULATION
DEVELOPING TOOLS FOR DATA
COLLECTION

34. ESTABLISHING ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
CONDUCTING PILOT STUDY/ TRYOUT
OF TOOL
SAMPLE SELECTION
DATA COLLECTION

35. PREPARING DATA FOR ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
DISSEMINATING THE RESEARCH
FINDINGS

36. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
• Qualitative research is a systematic and
subjective approach to describe events or life
experiences, and to give them intended
meanings.

37. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
PROCESS
IDENTIFYING RESEARCH PROBLEM AREA
FORMULATING BROAD STUDY
OBJECTIVES
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
ENTRY IN RESEARCH DESIGN

38. SELECTING RESEARCH APPROACH/
DESIGN
SELECTING A SMALL SAMPLE
ESTABLISHING ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
PLAN TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

39. DATA COLLECTION
ORGANIZE DATA FOR ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
DISSEMINATING THE RESEARCH
FINDINGS

40. Research is not difficult –anyone can do it