This document provides an introduction to an introductory psychology course taught by Dr. Zahiruddin Othman at Universiti Sains Malaysia in September 2018. It covers several topics:
1. The definition of mental health and an overview of Freud's theory of the mind including the id, ego, and superego.
2. Different definitions of abnormal behavior from clinical psychologists and the medical model of understanding abnormal behavior.
3. Defense mechanisms used by the mind including repression, projection, and dissociation. Mature defenses are distinguished from immature defenses.
4. Examples are given of defenses used in various disorders like intellectualization in obsessive-compulsive disorder and projection in psych
mental health care policy in America. What lead up to the current policies, what the legal definition is of mental illness, what the current public definition is of mental illness, stigma attached to having a mental illness, how media impacts people with mental illnesses, current policies, patitent rights, and treatments
mental health care policy in America. What lead up to the current policies, what the legal definition is of mental illness, what the current public definition is of mental illness, stigma attached to having a mental illness, how media impacts people with mental illnesses, current policies, patitent rights, and treatments
The recognition of bipolar disorder in primary careNick Stafford
Bipolar disorder and the complexities of screening and diagnosis in primary care. How more accurate detection and an integrated care pathway with secondary care can improve the diagnosis and outcome of the treatment of the disorder.
A Psychiatric emergency is a disturbance in thought, mood or action which causes sudden stress to the individual or sudden disability, thus requiring immediate management.
How is mental illness defined? Why is the philosophy of psychiatry the way it is today? Is there hope for improvement in the societal context of ill persons?
The “Project Maanasi” is a mission to deliver mental health and primary care services to poor rural women and children in southern India. The goal of the program has been to provide low cost or free care to villagers, sustained outreach to those who cannot access the clinic, and educate patients and others about seeking care to improve their lives.
The recognition of bipolar disorder in primary careNick Stafford
Bipolar disorder and the complexities of screening and diagnosis in primary care. How more accurate detection and an integrated care pathway with secondary care can improve the diagnosis and outcome of the treatment of the disorder.
A Psychiatric emergency is a disturbance in thought, mood or action which causes sudden stress to the individual or sudden disability, thus requiring immediate management.
How is mental illness defined? Why is the philosophy of psychiatry the way it is today? Is there hope for improvement in the societal context of ill persons?
The “Project Maanasi” is a mission to deliver mental health and primary care services to poor rural women and children in southern India. The goal of the program has been to provide low cost or free care to villagers, sustained outreach to those who cannot access the clinic, and educate patients and others about seeking care to improve their lives.
1. All of the following are common changes that occur in a.docxcorbing9ttj
1.
All of the following are common changes that occur in adulthood
except
midlife transitions.
divorce.
menopause.
D.
life reviews.
2.
Sabrina, Ali, and Jasmine are discussing the differences between central route processing and peripheral route processing. Jasmine believes that peripheral route processing is what results when a person thoughtfully considers the issues and arguments involved in a persuasive argument. Ali says central route processing is when a person is persuaded by factors irrelevant or extraneous to the issue. Sabrina insists they've both got the definitions mixed up. Who is correct?
Sabrina
Jasmine
Ali and Jasmine
Sabrina and Ali
3.
Prozac, Celexa, Zoloft, Paxil, and Lexapro are common drugs used to treat
depression.
psychosis.
obsessive compulsive disorder.
anxiety.
4.
Behavioral therapy would employ all of the following treatment techniques
except
aversive conditioning.
exposure treatment.
meditation.
systematic desensitization.
5.
What would be the best type of schedule to enforce a slow, steady response?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
6.
The startle reflex occurs when
a baby's cheek is rubbed and he/she seeks to nurse.
a baby's toes fan out when his/her foot is stroked.
a baby flings out his/her arms and legs at a sudden noise.
a baby cries when he/she hears a stranger's voice.
7.
Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment demonstrated
obedience.
social identity.
ethnocentricity.
observational learning.
8.
According to Maslow, we pass through a hierarchy, and the _______ stage is where people meet their highest potential.
safety
esteem
love and belonging
self-actualization
9.
All of the following are valid methods of coping with stress
except
for
changing your goals.
learned helplessness.
eustress.
blue lining.
10.
According to the textbook, the worst parents are those who are
authoritarian.
authoritative.
permissive.
uninvolved.
11.
How often is the following statement
true?
To successfully conduct experimental research, it's important to have signed informed consents from participants.
The statement is always true.
The statement is true occasionally.
The statement is true most of the time.
The statement is false.
12.
Insomnia affects approximately _______ percent of people and nearly _______ million people suffer from sleep apnea.
20; 30
30; 10
10; 20
30; 20
13.
What are the purposes of dreams, according to Freud?
Neither
Both
Dreams for survival
Unconscious wish fulfillment
14.
According to the
DSM-IV-TR
and your text, several different mental disorders are currently recognized. Which symptoms and subcategories are correctly aligned?
Dissociative disorders: multiple personality disorder, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative fugue
Mood disorders: disorganized, paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated
Somatoform disorders: generalized anxiety, panic, obsessive compulsive disorder, and PTSD
Schizophrenia: hypochondriasis and conversion disorder
15.
.
SAINT FRANCIS DE SALES COLLEGE, AALO
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY,
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ON
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Sociological Perspectives on
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Examining the history, classification, causes and treatment of psychological ...Pubrica
What do we think? What do we feel? How do we react to a particular situation?
How do we define it?
How To Examine Whether Someone Is A Patient Of Mental Illness Or Not?
How To Do A Patient’s History Examined Systematically?
The main classes of mental illness :
Cause and Treatment of psychological disorder:
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Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy Augmentation on Clozapine-Resistant Psy...Zahiruddin Othman
Case Report: Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy augmentation on clozapine-resistant psychosis with neurosyphilis is effective and safe but has never been reported in the literature to the authors' knowledge. It is hoped that this case report would contribute to the scarce literature on this augmentation strategy
Case Report: Schizophrenia patient with prodromal OCS is probably at increased risk of developing TTM while on atypical
antipsychotics treatment. Atypical antipsychotics and SSRI combination therapy is a useful strategy in such patient
Isolated Cerebellar Stroke Masquerades as DepressionZahiruddin Othman
There are numerous reports on neurological conditions masquerading as psychiatric disorders. However, cerebellar
stroke is not established as one of it. The 2 case reports will highlight that this masquerade is possible and the physician's
high index of suspicion is the key to accurate diagnosis.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. A. Normal Functions Of The Mind
1.Define mental health.
2.Describe the theory of the mind
- id, ego, superego
- conscious, preconscious, subconscious and unconscious
.
B. Altered Function Of The Mind
1.Grasp the different definitions of abnormal behavior
as described by clinical psychologists :
1.1. abnormal behavior as statistical deviations
1.2. abnormal behavior as violation of social norms
1.3. abnormal behavior as maladaptive behavior
1.4. abnormal behavior as personal distress
2.The medical model of abnormal behavior :
2.1. the disease concept of psychiatric illness
2.2. the biopsychosocial perspective of understanding and
managing abnormal behavior
3.Defense mechanism
3.1. Define the concept of defenses mechanisms
3.2. List out common defense mechanisms
3.3. Define and give examples of these defenses in everyday
life, both illness and in normality
3.4 Know the defense that can be classified as mature and
possibly begin using them, instead of immature and
neurotic ones
2
3. Absence of disease
State of wellbeing
“Mental health is defined as a
state of well-being in which
every individual realizes his or
her own potential, can cope
with the normal stresses of life,
can work productively and
fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to her or his
community” WHO
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.“ WHO3
5. Sensory Memory
Iconic Memory (vision)
•Capacity: Essentially that of the visual system
•Duration: About 0.5 to 1.0 seconds
•Processing: None beyond raw perceptual processing
Echoic Memory (hearing}
•Capacity: ?
•Duration: About 4 to 5 seconds
•Processing: None beyond raw perceptual processing
Short-term memory (STM) a.k.a. working memory
•Capacity: About 7 ± 2 "chunks" of information
•Duration: About 18 to 20 seconds
•Processing: information is often encoded verbally
Long-term memory (LTM)
•Capacity: Virtually unlimited
•Duration: Up to a lifetime
•Processing: Information is organized according to
meaning and is associatively linked
InputAttention
Storage
Retrieval
Rehearsal
decay
interference
retrieval
failure
Forgetting
5
7. Intellectual disability involves
problems with general
mental abilities that affect
functioning in two areas:
intellectual
functioning
• Learning
• Problem solving
• Judgement, etc
adaptive
functioning
• Conceptual – language, reading,
writing, math, reasoning,
knowledge, memory
• Social – empathy, social judgment,
communication skills, the ability
follow rules and the ability to make
and keep friendships
• Practical – independence in areas
such as personal care, job
responsibilities, managing money,
recreation and organizing school and
work tasks
7
9. Ted Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber
(University and Airline Bomber), had an IQ of 167,
and is probably the ultimate serial killer genius. A
math prodigy, he was accepted into Harvard at just 16
and later became a mathematics professor. In 1969,
he abandon his academic career to pursue a primitive
lifestyle. To take a stand against modern technology
he mailed bombs, mostly to professors, and
between 1978 and 1995, these killed 3 and injured 23.
He would leave messages encrypted with
mathematical codes that not even the FBI could crack.
He managed to escape capture for 17 years, a feat
showing genuine intelligence. What finally did him in?
When his manifesto was released, his brother and
sister-in-law recognized the writing style and tipped
off the FBI.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMUI6qdN0uY
9
10. In reality, there is no clear boundary between "normal" and "abnormal." We each live in close proximity to the artificial
line created by society, psychiatry and psychology separating "sane" from “psychotic," "normal" from "neurotic.”
10
11. Many flirt with or cross over this threshold temporarily, returning sooner or later to the land of the "normal." And some never recover from this departure from "normalcy”
12. DISTURBANCE of
◦ Cognition (thinking)
◦ Emotion
◦ Behaviour
Affecting important
areas of functioning
◦ Self-care
◦ Social
◦ Occupational, etc
12
13. In certain cases, the individual may not report subjective suffering, but his or
her behavior is either chronically self-destructive and/or results in negative
social consequences and excessive suffering in others
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRCTAEAsUGQ
13
14. Theodore Robert Bundy was an American serial
killer, kidnapper, rapist, burglar, and necrophile who
assaulted and murdered numerous young women
and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. He
confessed to 30 homicides that he committed in
seven states between 1974 and 1978.
He was described as "a sadistic sociopath who took
pleasure from another human's pain and the control
he had over his victims, to the point of death, and
even after". He once called himself "the most cold-
hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet"; Attorney
Polly Nelson wrote: "Ted was the very definition of
heartless evil."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UEkH15wjNc&t=333s
14
15. Socially
DEVIANT
behaviour (e.g.,
political, religious,
or sexual) and
conflicts that are
primarily between
the individual and
society are not
mental disorder
unless the
deviance or
conflict results
from a dysfunction
in the individual,
as described
above
DEVIANT
An expectable or
CULTURALLY
approved
response to
common stressor
or loss, such as
the death of a
loved one, is not a
mental disorder
DEATH
Mental disorders
are usually
associated with
significant
DISTRESS or
disability in social,
occupational, or
other important
activities.
DISTRESS
DYSFUNCTION
in the
psychological,
biological, or
developmental
process
underlying mental
functioning.
DYSFUNCTION
A syndrome
characterized by
clinically
significant
DISTURBANCE
in individual’s
cognition, emotion
regulation, or
behaviour that
reflects
DISTURBANCE
inclusion exclusion
DSM-5
definition of
MENTAL
DISORDER
15
18. Grief is experienced as sadness
Sad, but able to smile about
memories of the deceased
Mixture of good and bad days
May feel guilt around specific issues
May have thoughts of “joining the
deceased”, but not actively suicidal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gbDPJTPYNs
18
20. Robin Munro drew attention to the abuses of
forensic psychiatry in China in general, and of
Falun Gong practitioners in particular. In
2001, Munro alleged that forensic
psychiatrists in China have been active since
the days of Mao Zedong, and have been
involved in the systematic misuse of
psychiatry for political purposes. He says that
large-scale psychiatric abuses are the most
distinctive aspect of the government's
protracted campaign to "crush the Falun
Gong," and he found a very sizable increase
in Falun Gong admissions to mental hospitals
since the onset of the government's
persecution campaign.
http://jaapl.org/content/jaapl/30/1/126.full.pdf
20
22. The function of defense mechanisms
is to reduce or redirect anxiety by
distorting reality.
Healthy persons normally use
different defenses throughout life.
An ego defense mechanism becomes
pathological only when its persistent
or inflexible use leads to maladaptive
behavior.
22
29. 29
1. Isolation of affect — Irrational
anxiety over the circulation of
duplicate CD.
2. Undoing — Predating the receipt of
his awards to match her tenure in the
service.
3. Reaction formation — Taking
voluntary retirement in response to
the public humiliation of his feelings
becoming known to all.
4. Magical thinking — His feelings of
attraction as synonymous with
adultery.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100422/
30. Defense Mechanisms
in Psychosis
- Projection
- Denial
- Distortion
- Regression
30
http://journal.usm.my/journal/MJMS-11-1-086.pdf
Case Report
31. What did the affected students see?
(a) Most claimed that they saw a being with long hair
(b) Others claimed they were possessed by an old
woman. That was apparently the reason why they
acted and sounded like one.
31
Dissociation = detachment from reality
36. Too strong social
integration
Individuals are willing
to sacrifice their life
out of sense of duty to
others (i.e., for the
sake of his group)
Rarely seen in
industrialized society
E.g., Kamikaze pilots
36Kami = divine; Kaze = wind