Intro to Greece session 2
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This document outlines a course on classical Greece, including sessions on the origins of Greece, the polis, colonies and tyrants, Sparta and Athens, the great wars from 490-404 BC, the golden age, and the second military revolution. The questions to be answered in this session include what the Greek beliefs about justice were and how they related to the polis, what a polis was, if Athens was a typical polis, what produced the agrarian revolution and how it proceeded and its consequences, and how hoplite soldier-farmers became the essence of the polis.
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The document provides background information on Athens during its Golden Age from 477-431 BC. It describes Athens' powerful democracy and navy, as well as cultural and intellectual achievements in art, architecture, drama, and philosophy. However, tensions grew between Athens and Sparta, leading to the 27-year Peloponnesian War, which devastated Greece and marked the end of the Athenian Golden Age.
Pelo War
The Peloponnesian War caused turmoil in Greece as Athens and Sparta, the two main powers, engaged in a massive bloody conflict over control of the Aegean Sea. During the war, Socrates emerged as an important philosopher while Athens' leader Pericles built protective walls. Eventually, Athens' forces were defeated by Sparta's General Lysander at the Battle of Notium. After the war, Greece fell under the rule of tyrants although oral traditions and democracy were later restored.
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The document summarizes different forms of government in ancient Greece including oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy. It notes that in an oligarchy, aristocrats compete for power but keep each other in check. Oligarchies provided some benefits to wealthy women but not the poor. Tyrannies emerged from oligarchies when one aristocrat gained popularity by promising reforms to help the poor. While tyrants were disliked by other aristocrats, they often improved conditions for common citizens. The document also discusses the transition from tyranny to oligarchy to democracy in various Greek city-states between 1000 BC to 100 BC.
Ancient Greece Governments
The document discusses different forms of government in Ancient Greece: oligarchy, where a small group rules; tyranny, where a single ruler has absolute power; and democracy, where people rule themselves. It provides examples of each type, such as oligarchies being ruled by aristocrats and tyrants gaining power through strong armies. Democracies evolved from direct systems where people voted on laws to representative systems. Citizenship rights also expanded over time. Governments sometimes transitioned between these forms due to power struggles.
Socrates
Socrates was born in Athens in 469 BCE and originally worked as a sculptor. He is known for practicing the Socratic method of questioning beliefs and exposing inconsistencies. In 399 BCE, Socrates was tried and convicted for corrupting the youth and impiety. The most damaging accusation against him was his association with Critias. He was sentenced to death by hemlock poisoning. Socrates' teachings and philosophy had a lasting influence on Western thought.
Socratic Philosopher; Plato
PLATO
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After Athens was defeated in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta became the dominant power in Greece and ruled Athens directly. Though Sparta was generous in not destroying Athens completely, it ended Athenian democracy and reduced the city to a subordinate state. Over the following decade, Athens regained strength and independence, but it never recovered its former glory. The long war had depleted Greece's resources and weakened the city-states overall.
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- 1. Classical Greece session ii - Polis
- 2. course outline i - Origins ii - Polis iii - Colonies & Tyrants iv - Sparta & Athens v - Great Wars, 490-404 vi - Golden Age vii - Second Military Revolution viii - Hellenism
- 3. Major Points in the last Session We study ancient Greece for many reasons, especially because it is the foundation of Western Civilization Archaeology is our primary source of knowledge about prehistoric Greece The bronze age culture of Mycenaean Greece was aristocratic There are complex problems in using Homer as an historical source The Greek Dark Ages followed the collapse of the Mycenaean Age Recent discoveries about this period have added much information
- 4. Questions to answer in this session What were the Greek beliefs about justice? How did they relate to the polis? What exactly is a polis? Was Athens a typical polis? What produced the agrarian revolution? How did it proceed? What were its political and military consequences? How did hoplite soldier-farmers become the essence of the polis?
- 5. review of the last session
- 9. Aristotle
- 10. Delphi tholos
- 20. sessions remaining iii - Colonies & Tyrants iv - Sparta & Athens v - Great Wars, 490-404 vi - Golden Age vii - Second Military Revolution viii - Hellenism
- 21. Sophia Schliemann wearing “Priam’s treasure”
- 24. the lions Mycenae--reconstruction gate
- 27. interior shot of the same view
- 28. grave goods from a Mycenean shaft grave replicas
- 29. the “mask of Agamemnon”
- 30. Homer
- 31. “The wrath of Achilles” Leon Benouville
- 32. Odysseus
- 33. “Jupiter and Thetis” Jean Dominique Ingres
- 34. Zeus at Olympia Roman copy of Phideias
- 35. Napoleon i j.d. Ingres
- 38. Troy
- 40. The Blegen Library University of Cincinnati
- 42. Linear B
- 43. proto-Greek in a Phoenician alphabet
- 45. the world of Homer
- 49. preview of today’s session
- 54. Η Δικαιοσὖνη Τό τί; “[the] Justice. “What [is] it?” Plato, Republic
- 55. Justice Astraea (in the stars)
- 56. [The Athenian] Acropolis, Leo von Klenze
- 65. “FROGS AROUND A POND” -- SOCRATES, IN THE PHAEDO
- 67. Victor Davis Hanson (1953-)
- 70. Olive oil production in Klazomenai, an ancient city of Ionia ( now, near Urla, Izmir, Turkey)
- 74. transport amphora serving amphora
- 80. Harmodius & Aristogeton kill the tyrant Hipparchus
- 81. the Chigi vase, 4th c. BC
- 83. όπλον Hoplon
- 84. ὁπλίτης hoplite
- 89. παιάν paean παιάν
- 91. Questions to answer in this session What were the Greek beliefs about justice? How did they relate to the polis? What exactly is a polis? Was Athens a typical polis? What produced the agrarian revolution? How did it proceed? What were its political and military consequences? How did hoplite soldier-farmers become the essence of the polis?