Interpreting Causality
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The document discusses causality in health sciences. It argues that determining causality requires both probabilistic evidence from statistical analyses of studies as well as mechanistic evidence about biological mechanisms. A monistic view that only considers one type of evidence is insufficient, as is a pluralistic view that treats different types of evidence as completely separate. Instead, the document advocates an epistemic view of causality, where causal beliefs are determined by all the available evidence and must account for all known dependencies.
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