Russo Madrid Medicine Oct07
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The document discusses causality in health sciences from an epistemological perspective. It argues that causal claims require both probabilistic and mechanistic evidence, and that neither monistic nor pluralistic accounts fully capture the dual aspect of causal epistemology. The document proposes an "epistemic" account of causality, where causal beliefs are determined by the total evidence available to an agent. It also argues that epidemiology establishes "variational causal claims" through comparative studies of how disease risk varies with changes in exposure, rather than measuring regularity or invariance.
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Interconnected health-environmental challenges: Between the implosion of the ...University of Amsterdam and University College London
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This document discusses the transition between the modernist evidence regime and emerging alternative evidence practices for addressing interconnected health and environmental challenges. It outlines three parts: (1) the assumptions of the modernist evidence regime which values certainty, control and neutrality; (2) the rise of participatory evidence practices that involve communities and value uncertainty, complexity and situated knowledge; (3) questions around whether these alternative practices can thrive and integrate with existing regimes or represent new epistemological approaches needed to tackle wicked problems.Who Needs “Philosophy of Techno- Science”?
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This document discusses alternative evidence practices for addressing interconnected health and environmental challenges. It begins by describing the failures of modernist evidence regimes which assume certainty, controllability, and neutrality. It then introduces participatory evidence practices which embrace uncertainty, complex causality, and situated knowledge. These practices involve diverse voices, participation, and mutual learning between researchers and citizens. Evidence is seen not as objective facts but as clues embedded in social processes that can inform action. The document argues for a new epistemology of inclusive, transdisciplinary and value-promoting scientific knowledge and evidence to overcome historical injustices and better address complex problems.On the epistemic and normative benefits of methodological pluralism
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This document discusses conceptualizing health and disease and the normative implications of different concepts. It argues that conceptualizing social factors as proximate causes of health and disease, rather than distant causes, has implications for public health policies and interventions. The document uses obesity and food labeling policies as an example, noting that conceptualizing social causes as proximate implies different actions around regulating food marketing and industry compared to viewing social causes as distant. Overall, the document examines how scientific concepts can promote certain values and influence normative decisions, calling for more integration between philosophy of science, ethics and political philosophy on these issues.Connecting the epistemology and ethics of AI
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How is Who. Empowering evidence for sustainability and public health interven...
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This document discusses the need for knowledge and evidence about sustainability and public health interventions to enhance shared agency and collective action. It makes three key points:
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2. Interventions involve complex mixed mechanisms that are biological, social, political, technical, and cultural in nature and how they interact in environments.
3. Research should consider agency at different levels from the start to empower various actors, like researchers, citizens, patients, and policymakers, in different contexts. The "how" of interventions depends on understanding the "who" that is involved.High technologized justice – The road map for policy & regulation. Legaltech ...
High technologized justice – The road map for policy & regulation. Legaltech ...University of Amsterdam and University College London
Technology needs humans more than laws for three key reasons:
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2) Humans use technology to accomplish tasks and study the world. We are responsible for deciding why and how technologies are applied.
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The document discusses connecting the ethics and epistemology of AI. It argues that ethics and epistemology should be considered together throughout the entire AI process, from design to use, rather than as separate post-hoc assessments. The authors propose an "ethics-cum-epistemology" approach where normative and epistemological questions are addressed at each stage. They also analyze scenarios involving experts and non-experts to show how ethics and epistemology can be addressed depending on levels of expertise between actors. The goal is to shift the focus from AI outcomes to the full process in order to better ensure AI systems are developed and used responsibly.
Science and values. A two-way relations
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