The document provides a summary of an internship report for a project at the Bihar Museum construction site in Patna, India from August 2015 to July 2016. It describes the construction of various blocks at the site, environmental, health and safety practices followed, structural works including the boundary wall and water feature, and finishing works such as waterproofing, cladding, and flooring. The intern gained experience in areas like project management, structural fabrication, quality control, and safety compliance.
Industrial Summer Training Report at Construction Site of CPWD Alok Mishra
Construction of Police Station Khajuri Khas, Near Sonia Vihar, Delhi (SH: C/o Police Station Building, Electric sub Station & External Development Work i.e. Internal Electrical Installations)
Industrial Summer Training Report at Construction Site of CPWD Alok Mishra
Construction of Police Station Khajuri Khas, Near Sonia Vihar, Delhi (SH: C/o Police Station Building, Electric sub Station & External Development Work i.e. Internal Electrical Installations)
Internship report
The report is prepared on request from Maaz and Shahrukh for their 4-week internship program.
The data has been provided by them.
This report includes theoretical, pictorial and mathematical material.
Industrial Training report Civil Engineering.JAPJEETSINGH13
Industrial training report for civil engineering major training final year. All rights to the images, blueprints and content is reserved.
Only available for educational purposes.
In this internship report, one can find why Hyderabad Metro is required and how it is consrtucting. The organization flow and their roles are described here. Different construction activities, procedures are explained. The complete picture on overall construction and execution of Hyderabad Metro Rail is explained in this report.
Internship report
The report is prepared on request from Maaz and Shahrukh for their 4-week internship program.
The data has been provided by them.
This report includes theoretical, pictorial and mathematical material.
Industrial Training report Civil Engineering.JAPJEETSINGH13
Industrial training report for civil engineering major training final year. All rights to the images, blueprints and content is reserved.
Only available for educational purposes.
In this internship report, one can find why Hyderabad Metro is required and how it is consrtucting. The organization flow and their roles are described here. Different construction activities, procedures are explained. The complete picture on overall construction and execution of Hyderabad Metro Rail is explained in this report.
Sales funnel analysis of mahindra and mahindra tractors in chandrapur districtNitesh Wandhare
During the 8 week period I had to visit the villages where the population of tractors is adequate. The research was focused on the feedback from the customers of other than M&M tractor division. The feedback was taken through a well prepared questionnaire.
Learn to work in field.
Learn to approach people.
Got knowledge of consumer behavior.
Got to know about buying behavior.
Bps 5205 sustainability construction and maintainability velpandi & mariaMaria Archana
Singapore heavily relies on conventional precast construction involving extensive use of precast planks, canopy beams, column & facade. The recent prefabrication trend, which is being increasingly used in the building industry, alleviating some of the environmental burdens associated with conventional construction. Several case studies were conducted on residential buildings in Singapore. The findings revealed that environmental, economic and social benefits of using prefabrication were significant when compared to conventional construction methods. This implies that a wider use of prefabrication techniques could contribute to sustainable construction in a dense urban environment on the other hand using precast components have adverse effects on the structure. Today, as much as 82% of Singaporeans live in public housing delivered by the HDB.HDB plans and develops public housing towns that provide Singaporeans with quality homes and living environments.
In the construction industry, construction defects and failures can occur during the design and construction phases of a project, or after a structure is substantially complete. However, while a design professional is responsible to produce complete, accurate and well-coordinated design and construction documents that are substantially free of defects; and a contractor is required to adhere to the design and construction documents, nothing built is ever perfect nor does the law require a perfect design. Furthermore, all buildings have an expected lifespan and even the structures of the ancient world will erode into a mound of sand given enough time. The eventual failure of a structure is an expected result rather than a manifestation of a construction defect. The question becomes what is a construction defect; how do defects arise; and how can defects be identified and managed?
A Case Study has been conducted to analyse Construction Defects on site, Remedial Measures & Preventable Practices at HDB Water Way Banks at Punggol East.
1.2. Objectives:
The objective of this case study aims to mitigate the defects to the future HDB projects. This project may help to HDB engineers for awareness regarding defects prevention practice. HDB has objectives, which expanding from time to time, Recently, HDB is not only functioning as a provider of basic shelter but also creates housing that can comply with the needs, necessities and aspirations for modern living days and futures. HDB objective is to provide affordable quality homes and develop vibrant living environment.
This case study has the following objectives of:
To investigate and identify the defects that appeared in the precast slab planks.
To identify the defects during construction progress, remedial measures & preventable practices propose better & quality living standards to the public.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. 1
Internship report
A Project Report for the internship
8/07/2015 -7/8/2015
By
Navneet Kumar-(13BCL0322)
Submitted to
Internal guide: Muthukumar M
Associate Professor, SCALE, VIT University
4. 4
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Mr. Suresh Kumar Sethi for his guidance, I
also thank the project manager Mr. Ashok Kumar for providing the opportunity to do the
internship and project work at “Patna museum project”.
I sincerely thank Mr. M R Das, Mr. S K Das, Mr. Vikram Kumar, Mr. Amit pal, Mr. Eliyaz
Khan for the guidance and encouragement provided during the training period.
I also thank Mr. Kamlesh sir for the guidance in completing the project.
5. 5
Index
Chapter page no.
1. About company 6-7
2. About project 8-12
3. EHS 13-22
4. Structural work 23-27
5. Finishing 27-46
6. QA/QC 46-53
7. Summary 54
6. 6
Chapter 1
About company….
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a technology, engineering, construction and
manufacturing company. It is one of the largest and most respected companies in India's private
sector.
Seven decades of a strong, customer-focused approach and the continuous quest for world-class
quality have enabled it to attain and sustain leadership in all its major lines of business.
L&T has an international presence, with a global spread of offices. A thrust on international
business has seen overseas earnings grow significantly. It continues to grow its overseas
manufacturing footprint, with facilities in China and the Gulf region.
The company's businesses are supported by a wide marketing and distribution network, and have
established a reputation for strong customer support. L&T believes that progress must be
achieved in harmony with the environment. A commitment to community welfare and
environmental protection are an integral part of the corporate vision.
7. 7
OPERATING DIVISIONS
The following are the operating divisions of Larsen & Toubro:
Building and Factories
Transportation Infrastructure
Heavy Civil Infrastructure
Power Transmission and Distribution
Renewable Energy
Water & Effluent Treatment
Smart World & Communication
L&T Geostructure
Metallurgical & Material Handling
8. 8
Chapter 2: About project
2.1 The Bihar Museum Project.
Name of project: Bihar Museum Project
Location of project: southern flank of Jawaharlal Nehru marg, bailey road,
Patna
Date of commencement: 3rd
June 2013
Project value and current: 280cr.
Current workman strength: 1300.
Area of project: 25000 m2
Architectural design: Maki &Associates (Japan), Opolis architect (Mumbai)
Construction Company: L&T constructions B&F IC.
Consultants: Lord cultural resources (Canada based consultancy)
9. 9
2.2 General site layout plan.
Figure -1
Location of the project:
Front side of project: Bailey road
Back side of project: south bailey road
10. 10
Figure -2
The construction area is divided into two zones; zone 1 and zone 2. Zone 1 have four blocks
1-Block A
2-Block B
3-Block C
4-Block J
Zone 2 has six blocks
1-Block D 4- Block G
2-Block E 5-Block H
3-Block F 6-Block k
11. 11
2.3 Master plan
Figure -3
2.4 Description of blocks
Block Description Structural system Max. Height
Block A G+1 Conventional Slab system +12.6m
Block B G+1 Conventional Slab system +11.4m
Block C G+5 Conventional & Flat Slab system +26.45m
Block D G+1 Conventional & Flat Slab system +7.2m
Block E G+1 Conventional & Flat Slab system +7.2m
Block F G+2 Conventional Slab + Precast System +18.6m
Block G G+2 Conventional Slab + Precast System +18.6m
12. 12
Block H G+2 Conventional Slab + Precast System +18.6m
Block J G+1 Conventional Slab system +7.2m
Block K G+1 Elevated connecting Bridge +13.05m
The museum will bring the region’s thousand years history into focus, inspiring local residents
and visitors from across the globe to explore Bihar’s rich heritage, historic sites and cultural
attractions.
The proposal for Bihar museum includes four core exhibition galleries, educational, lobby,
administrative and permanent gallery.
15. 15
Chapter 3 :Environmental, health and safety department
Cluster EHS manager- Sujit Saha
EHS in charge – M R Das
EHS engineer – Rajeev Kumar
EHS inspector –
1. Maniksenapati
2. Sachidanand
3. Sanjayesrivastav
4. Dinesh kr. Sukhla
16. 16
3.1 Activities at site...
1. Shuttering, Rebar tying and Concreting of Column, wall and Slab at UG Sump
2. Stone Cladding & Structural glazing
3. Masonry work at site
4. Material shifting
5. Structural Fabrication & Erection.
6. Rebar cutting, bending and handling at Steel yard
7. Making at carpentry workshop
8. Waterproofing
9. Flooring
3.2 Certificate
The quality management system has been certified to ISO 9001-2008 slandered by LRQU.
EHS management also certified to ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
ISO 14001
The ISO 14000 family of standards provides practical tools for companies and organizations of
all kinds looking to manage their environmental responsibilities.
ISO 14001:2004 and its supporting standards such as ISO 14006:2011 focus on environmental
systems to achieve this. The other standards in the family focus on specific approaches such as
audits, communications, labeling and life cycle analysis, as well as environmental challenges
such as climate change.
OHSAS 18001
OHSAH 18001 is an international health and safety management system specification.
It exists to help all kinds of organizations put in place demonstrably sound occupational health
and safety performance. It is a widely recognized and popular occupational health and safety
management system
17. 17
3.3 General approach to EHS management.
The general approach to EHS management as per international standards ISO 14001 and OHSAS
18001 is based on the methodology called "Plan-Do-Check-Act".
PDCA in the EHS context can briefly be described as follow:-
-Plan, document the organization’s overall EHS aims and objectives in a policy statement,
identify and register environmental aspects and impacts and occupational health and safety risks
as well as regulatory requirements.
-Do, define EHS objectives and targets, and implement suitable strategic initiatives to deliver
results in accordance with the organization’s EHS policy and legal requirements.
-Check, monitor and measure the results against policy, objectives, targets and legal and other
requirements.
-Act, take action to continually improve the performance of the EHS management system
18. 18
3.4 Basic safety rules:-
Should adhere to wear required PPEs.
-safety helmet
-safety jacket
-safety footwear
No loose cloths. Follow dress code.
No Smoking at Site premises.
Do not lean on edge protection handrails.
Keep away from the electrical network
Understand the safety signs and respect the barricades
Do not enter into the area where barricading is done.
Beware of moving vehicles inside the site.
Never stand in the area where overhead work is happening.
Do not throw any materials from height.
Don’t leave any loose materials at height.
Do not work or enter into the area where there is no light source.
Do not sit / sleep on the wall / floor edges.
While climbing on any ladder / scaffolding / shuttering, take the help of any responsible
person of that area.
Do not misuse or damage any equipment / arrangement made in the interest of health,
safety and environment.
Do not run at site unless there is an emergency.
Do not touch any electrical equipment.
Electrical apparatus should not be altered.
Never come under the suspended load. (Watch for tower crane movement)
3.5 Potential hazards at site
Height works
Hot works
Electricity
Movement of Earth Moving Equipment’s / Vehicle (Traffic)
19. 19
3.6 EHS practices followed at site.
1. Environment:-
Figure -5 Tree restoration at site campus
20. 20
2. Health:-
Figure -6 Medical checkup by visiting doctor.
3. Safety
Figure -7 Use of safety net
21. 21
Figure -8 fire extinguishers at workmen colony
Figure -9 external platform arrangment.
22. 22
Figure -10 Block c periphery covered with safety net for trapping material
Figure -11 Safety net at Block A
23. 23
Chapter 4 :Structural work
4.1 Boundary wall:-
Structural detail
Height of PCC =100mm
Height of RCC =300mm
Wall thickness =250mm
Total height = 2400mm
Reinforcement dia.= 10mm
Footing width =1250mm
Grade of PCC =M15
Grade of RCC =M30
Workability =120±25
Exposer type = moderate
Method of concrete placing =pumping
Characteristic compressive strength @ 28 days= 30N/mm2
Target strength =
Assumed std. deviation = 5.0 as per as the IS 456:2000 table 8
=fck+t*SD
=30+1.65*5
=38.25N/mm2
26. 26
4.2 Water feature
Height of PCC =100mm
Height of RCC =100mm and 150 mm
Vertical reinforcement bar of parapet wall = 8mm (dia.)
Horizontal reinforcement bar of parapet wall =10mm
Reinforcement bar of drop wall
Main bar dia. =10 mm
Binder =10 mm
Slab reinforcement bar dia. =10 mm
Structural drawing-
Figure -14
29. 29
5.1 Water proofing
5.1.1 Roof water proofing
Material required:
1. Hydrocem 7. Geo textile membrane
2. CEBEX 100 8. Tikidan APP membrane
3. Cement 9. Bitumen primer
4. Sand 10. PVC pipe
5. Perlite 11. Stone
6. XPS board 12. polymer
Plant and equipments:-
Bosch drill machine, hammer, grouting pump machine, chisel, gas torch flame, batching
containers.
Step performed in water proofing:
1. Preparation of surface
-Clean the surface properly; no dust material should be present on the surface.
- All damage surface and cracks should be repaired
- Level the surface.
- Pond the base slab with water to check linkages for 48 hours.
-find out the leakage point.
- open the area of leaking point , joints, cracks in form of grooves of approximately 25 mm width
1.Injection grouting with CEBEX100
- drill the holes in crack.
30. 30
- fix thePVC nozzle in the drilling hole vertically in joints and inclined in the crack surface.
- using the grouting pump, inject grouting material ex- cement slurry, CEBEX100 into PVC
nozzle.
CEBEX100 grouting admixture of 225 gm per bag of Cement.
- cut the nozzle after grouting.
- make the surface of roof wet prier to application of polymer modified cement coating.
3.Hydrocem coating
Preparation of hydrocem solution.
- It is a mixing of two compounds in ratio of 1:1.
1) Liquid hydrocem.
2) Powder hydrocem.
-After adding stir the mixture
-No water or other material should add into the mixture.
- Two coating of hydrocem should be applied with the drying interval of 4 hours.
-Ponding should be done for 3 days to test water tightening.
4.Perlite concrete layer
MIX DESIGN
Cement =280kg/m3
, perlite =150 kg/m3
, water =297 kg/m3
, microair720 = 7 lit/m3
Ratio of mix per bag of perlite
Cement: perlite: water: microair720=31.73:17:33.66:0.793
- mix the ingredient in the given mix design ratio
- Clean the surface, the surface should not have water.
- laying of perlite concrete approximate density 1200 kg per m3
.
-Maintain a slope and the thickness should vary from 75-150 mm.
5.Laying of screed
31. 31
Mix design
Cement: sand = 1: 4.
Width of screed = 25 mm over the perlite concrete.
Finishing of screed should be smooth.
Curing should be done for three days.
6.Tikidan APP membrane
-apply bitumen primer coating throughout the roof; 0.2lit to 0.3 lit per sq. is consumed.
-laying tikidan APP membrane over the primer coating
-thickness of APP membrane is 4 mm.
- lay APP membrane on the same day when the primer is done
- Fuse the thermo fusible on the bottom side of membrane with gas torch flame should be moved
in shape of L.
- applyabout 75% of heat to the raft and 25% to the membrane.
- When the film melt immediately role the membrane forward and press firmly.
7. XPS board
Thickness of board = 75 mm
-Laying ofXPS board on tikidan APP membrane.
8. Vapour barrier sheet
- Installation of 400 microns thick vapour barrier PVC sheets over XPS board
9. layer of geotextile membrane
Place geotextile membrane over vapoursheet.
10. Concrete screed
-Place 50 mm thickness of concrete screed over the geo textile cloth.
-Curing of concrete screed for seven days
32. 32
11.use of micro concrete.
Cut out /periphery joints of pipe to be filed with micro concrete.
Layer wise drawing for roof water proofing
Figure -17
.
36. 36
5.1.2 Water proofing treatments to toilet and other wet area…
Procedure.
- Preparation of surface with the help of brush and thoroughly clean.
- All damage should be repaired
- Highly undulated surface should be drilled to make concrete smooth for application.
- Ponding should be done for 48 hours.
-mark the leaking point with the help of chalk
- drill the leaking point with the Bosch drilling machine and joints.
- Fix the nozzle in drilled area.
- Using grouting pump inject grouting material ex- cement slurry, CEBEX100 into PVC nozzle.
- cut the nozzle after grouting.
- making the surface wet prior to application of polymer.
-apply two coating of hydrocem with the interval of four hours on the surface.
- apply two coating of hydrocem with the interval of four hours on the wall up to one meter
height
- Basecoat plaster of average 12 to 15 mm thick in cement mortar ratio 1:3 on masonry wall as a
base coat.
- Junction of wall and floor sealed by applying of strip polyester or polypropylene mesh of 100
mm wide embedded between 2 coat of hydrocem coating.
-protective screed 20-25 mm in C: M=1:3 on the floor area
-provide the treatment in chases in the wall.
-fill the Cut out /periphery joints of pipe to be filed with micro concrete.
-periphery joint of pipe should be sealed with P.J sealant or silicon sealant.
37. 37
5.2 Cladding
5.2.1 Sandstone dry cladding
Materials used:-
1. Sand stone
-Honed sand stone
-sort sand stone
2. Clips
3. Anchor
4. Fasteners
5. Approved laticrete sealer for protective layer.
Dimension of stone used at site:
Honed sandstone-895mm*295mm
Sort sandstone-595mm*295mm
Equipments:-
Grinder, drill machine, steel hammer, Rubber hammers, Scaffolding, Level machine, plumb bob,
etc.
Procedure:-
- The unloading of sandstone at the site should be done carefully to avoid any damage to the
sandstone
- Material should be directly delivered to the storage.
- QA/QC Engineer would check the Quality of material. The damage material should be kept
separately and good material should be kept at other storage.
- Stone dimension shall be verified before fabrication of work.
- Using brush and acid type cleaning agent to clean the sand stone
- Apply the sealer in the cold environment ex. evening or morning, on all six faces.
38. 38
- 24 hours of curing of sealer should be done.
- QA/QC engineer will check the quality of sealer on all six faces and approved stone is used in
cladding and rejected stone will be applied sealer again.
-after doing marking of proper level, first the S.S clamp are fixed with SS anchor fastener on the
wall with the drill and hammer.
- Then drilling is done on the stone to put the clamp inside.
- Stone are fixed as per as the drawing.
- Generally two clamps are used.
- The minimum gap between wall and cladding should be 100mm.
- 5mm clear groove is maintained in between two stones in both horizontal and vertical direction
as per as the drawing.
- After completion of one elevation, it should be properly checked for vertically with plumb bob.
- Final cleaning should be done with clear water.
Figure -24 putting the sandstone
39. 39
Figure -25 Cladding of sand stone on external area.
Figure -26 Block J External Sand Stone cladding.
40. 40
5.2.2 Black Granite cladding
Size of granite blocks used at site: -1195 mm*895mm*30 mm
Material used:-
1. Black granite
2. Anchor
3. Fasteners
4. Approved laticrete sealer for protective layer.
5. Clamps
Equipments:-
Grinder, drill machine, steel hammer, Rubber hammers, Scaffolding, Level machine, plumb bob,
etc.
Procedure:-
- The unloading of granite at the site should be done carefully to avoid any damage to the
granite.
- Granite dimension should be verified before installation of work.
- Apply the sealer in the cold environment ex. evening or morning, on all six faces and 24 hours
of curing of sealer should be done.
-after doing marking of proper level, first the S.S clamp are fixed with SS anchor fastener on the
wall with the drill and hammer.
- Then drilling is done on the granite to put the clamp inside.
- Granite are fixed as per as the shop drawing.
- Generally three clamps are used.
- The minimum gap between wall and cladding should be 100mm.
- 5mm clear groove is maintained in between two granite in both horizontal and vertical
direction as per as the drawing.
41. 41
- After completion of one elevation, it should be properly checked for vertically with plumb bob.
- Final cleaning should be done with clear water.
Granite cladding.
Figure -27 Granite cladding
42. 42
5.2.3 Terracotta cladding:-
Materials:-
1. Terracotta
2. Anchor Fastener
3. SS clamps.
4. Cement
5. sand
Equipments:-
Grinder, drill machine, steel hammer, Rubber hammers, Scaffolding, Level machine, plumb bob,
etc.
Dimension of Terracotta used at site:-590mm*90mm*65mm
Procedure:-
-Approved drawing is used for cladding work
-Location and orientation marking on vertical plane is done so that they are right side up when
the unit is installed.
-the bricks are put one by one keeping 10 mm groove both in horizontal and vertical direction.
Figure -28 Terracotta cladding
43. 43
5.3 Flooring
5.3.1 Granite flooring
Materials:-
1. Granite
2. Laticrete 190 sealer
Dimension of granite used at site
-600mm X 600mm*30mm
-300mm*300mm*30mm
-1200mm*600mm*30mm
Equipments:-
-Trowel
- Wooden/rubber hammer
-laser level instrument
-stone cutting tool
-spirit level
-Straight Edge
Procedure:-
-unloading of granite stone should be done carefully.
- QA/QC engineer would check the Quality of material. The damage material should be kept
separately and good material should be kept at other storage.
- carry out post check on level of screed concrete where flooring should be done and review the
minimum thickness of tile.
-the surface/substrate should be cleaned to remove any dirty stain and other foreign material
before installation.
- Proper care should be taken for interface with other associate finish.
44. 44
-coating of Laticrete190 sealer in all six sides of stone should be advanced before 24 hours of
fixing.
-The granite should be laid down on the floor as per as the drawing.
-After preparing the adhesive, it should be laid on the floor to the required level of thickness as
per as the manufacture specifics.
- 3mm spacers should be used as per as the drawing.
- Then stone should be put over the already laid adhesive checking periodically that the good
contact is maintained with the back of each stone to ensure zero voids.
- The line, level, joint evenness, hollowness and slope should be checked during installation.
-The joints are cleaned with brush to remove mortar and dust.
-Start the polishing after 10 days of lying of stone.
Figure -29 Granite flooring at J block
45. 45
5.3.2 Kota stone flooring:-
Material:-
1. Kota stone
2. Sand
3. Cement
Equipments:-
-Trowel
- Wooden/rubber hammer
-auto level
-stone cutting tool
-spirit level
-Straight Edge
Procedure:-
-unloading of Kota stone should be done carefully.
-QA/QC officer would check the Quality of material. The damage material should be kept
separately and good material should be kept at other storage.
- carry out post check on level of screed concrete where flooring should be done and review the
minimum thickness of tile.
-the surface/substrate should be cleaned to remove any dirty stain and other foreign material
before installation.
- Proper care should be taken for interface with other associate finish.
-laying cement mortar (sand: cement =1:4) over surface of thickness 30 mm.
-Press stone firmly into position with slide twisting action.
- insure no voids behind stone when solid bed fixing.
46. 46
-joints should be cleaned and grout the same with slurry.
- check the line and kevel joint’s evenness, hollowness, and slope during installation.
- 7 days of curing should be done.
- start the polishing after 10 days; and polish the surface till up to the level.
- clean the surface
Figure -35 Kota stone cleaning at c block
48. 48
6.1 QUALTIY PLANNING
Quality Objectives
The Quality objectives are derived from Quality policy. Table 5.1 below enumerates a list of
Suggested Quality Objectives for operations applicable at project site. Various units /
departments and individuals at functional level would derive list of objectives from the table.
For the project sites the objectives are set at the time of project commencement. The progress is
reviewed at site.
No Objective
Measure
Target
Report
frequency
1
Customer
Value
Product Quality Rating
Customer feedback
Pre-commissioning Obligations
Quarterly
2 Process
Plan vs. Actual:
Project milestones
Financial performance
Cost prudence
Safety Records
Monthly
3 Improvements
Safety performance
Cycle Time
Cost of poor Quality
Wastage Reduction
Product Quality rating
Monthly
4 Leadership
Development of future leaders
Half-yearly
5 Motivation
New initiatives
Innovations
Staff training effectiveness – evaluation
Quarterly
49. 49
6 Partnerships
Assimilation of technology from JV
partners.
Vendors developed
Performance evaluation of vendors – of
site purchases
Performance evaluation of sub-contractors
Quarterly
Suggested Quality Objectives
The desired / target values are set based on the following:
- Past performance in similar jobs;
- Growth over period of time;
- Contractual commitments;
- Aligning to annual financial budgets/ accepted costs as per ACE;
- Meeting the PQP requirements.
For each of the key position value drivers are defined, monitored and measured which adds up to
the Quality objectives for the function. Similarly, the target objectives of a department / unit are
attained through value drivers of the key positions.
6.2 Quality Management System Planning
Objective:-
Establish a procedure to plan, monitor and achieve Quality Management System planning in
order to fulfil customer requirements, statutory requirements and organization objectives based
on contractual requirement.
Sl.
No.
Procedure Steps Responsibility
1.
Prepare strategy for the project to ensure
a. Quality of product
b. Safety
c. Timely delivery
Site Engineer
Site Engineer
Planning Engineer
50. 50
Sl.
No.
Procedure Steps Responsibility
2
Convert the strategy into initiatives for the site team and
establish Quality Objectives for each position of the project
and periodically review as planned.
PI
3.
Document the needs / expectations of customer, organization
and statutory bodies in PQP and implement.
All Sections
4 Evaluate process and product performance by Audits. All sections
5
Improve performance of process and products following
management review meeting.
All sections
6
Maintain system integrity during changes in PQP for
improvement.
MR (Site)
Some test performs in quality lab:
Moisture content, silt content, cube test, brick test, sieve analysis, sand gradation, cement
fineness test, consistency of cement, setting time of cement, compressive strength of cement etc.
6.3 Quality control during cladding:-
During our visit at site we performed many quality checks.
Following procedures are involved in the Quality check of cladding.
- Quality check should be done by QA/QC inspector and material inspection report shall be
raised to engineer for their approval.
- Color, texture, chip up, size, diagonal size, thickness, height, and length of stone should be
checked.
- Sealer coating should be checked by the QA/QC inspector in all six faces
-If stone absorbs water it means that sealer coating is not done properly.
- Alignment of cladded wall should be checked
Quality check of granite
51. 51
Figure -30 Quality check of granite
Granite absorbs water, sealer coat not done properly
52. 52
6.4 Quality control of water proofing:-
QA/QC officer should know about the construction program and should attained all inspection
point and record all result of inspection.
6.5 Some tests performed in the lab of QA/QC
6.5.1 Cube test:-
Size of cube use =15*15*15
Grade of cube =M35
Compressive strength of cube is checked:-
Results:( in N/mm2
)
40.67, 38.92, 34.25, 41.73, 29.2,
Maximum target Strength= Average compressive strength+ risk factor* stander deviation
=35+1.65*5
=43.25 N/mm2
Minimum target Strength = Average compressive strength- risk factor* stander deviation
=35-1.65*5
=26.75 N/mm2
Remark:
The cube is safe for use as it lies between maximum and minimum target strength
53. 53
6.5.2 Brick test:-
Following procedure are followed in the brick test
Size
- Measure the length, breadth and depth of the bricks and using the data calculate average size of
the bricks
Compressive strength
- Find out the area of Bricks and find out the compressive load.
- using above data to calculate average strength.
Water Absorption
- Find out weight of dry bricks (w1)
- find out Weight of wet Bricks (w2)
W= (w2-w1)/w1 *100
Using above formula calculate average water absorption of bricks.
54. 54
Chapter 7 :Summary
As a civil engineering student I got a very wonderful opportunity to come over here in this
“Bihar Museum Project”. The methods used at the construction site have which I have seen here
have helped me a lot and will do in future.
During the training period I have learned a lot about how the work is executed on the site. Under
the guidance of site Engineers I have gained a lot of practical Experience
During my training period I have mostly focused on structural work, waterproofing, cladding,
and flooring. L&T have one of the best safety methods during the construction and I have
learned a lot about the safety rules of site.
The quality of construction which L&T provides is one of the best in the country, I have learned
about the different QA/QC approach which the company uses in construction.