The Internet has been rapidly changing the consumer’s view of medicine. As the use of the Internet for health information becomes more widespread, risk to the overall consumer quality of care increases. There is social concern about the yet-undetermined effects the Internet has had and will continue to have on consumer behaviors and health outcomes. This study examines such behaviors and makes recommendations for the enrichment of future care.
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
6th Association of Philippine Medical Colleges – Student Network Luzon Regional Convention
Healthcare Social Media Summit
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
12 November 2016
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
As an introduction, I gave a series of short lectures on the Use of Social Media on Healthcare among medical students of Cebu Doctors University College of Medicine. Most of the slides were borrowed with permission from Dr. Iris Thiele Isip-Tan's slideshare deck.
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
6th Association of Philippine Medical Colleges – Student Network Luzon Regional Convention
Healthcare Social Media Summit
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
12 November 2016
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
As an introduction, I gave a series of short lectures on the Use of Social Media on Healthcare among medical students of Cebu Doctors University College of Medicine. Most of the slides were borrowed with permission from Dr. Iris Thiele Isip-Tan's slideshare deck.
The impact of the internet on africa's youth and job creation by richard clo...chrysaliscamp
Lecture from "I am Africa. This is my story..." YouTube digital story telling contest sponsored by UNESCO PPN. Copyright Richard C Close CEO Chrysalis Campaign, Inc. Contest site is http://i-am-the-story.ning.com Chrysalis site is http://globalearningframework.ning.com
Lecture Slides for Internet and Society course at the University of Edinburgh on understanding the analysis of community and internet (amd mobile etc), using ideas from studies of CMC, social network studies, social capital etc https://www.wiki.ed.ac.uk/display/IandS/Internet+and+Society+Home
Internet and Society: Politics And Democracy 2009James Stewart
Lecture Slides for Internet and Society course and the University of Edinburgh on the topic of the the internet, mobiles, computing and practice and theorisation of politics and democracy
Media Technology and Society - Cyber SocietyFaindra Jabbar
Media Technology and Society
Topic: Cyber Society
Cyberspace
Cyber Society
Positive impact of Cyberspace
Negative impact of Cyberspace
Social Media
Web 2.0
This presentation gives a brief idea on how coalition politics is
major driving force behind corruption.It contains facts,graphics,history,etc about the same.Most of the aspects are presented in context of India.
Social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter and Google+ have attracted millions of users, many of whom have integrated those sites into their daily practices. As of this writing, there are hundreds of SNSs, with various technological affordances, supporting a wide range of interests and practices
In this modern world, life without internet is not possible. So is it really that important that we cannot survive without a moment with it? And what are its effect?
Online and Virtual Health Information Use, Health Empowerment and Health Risksasclepiuspdfs
Access to virtual health information is associated with improved knowledge about health issues. In this commentary, we present the challenges associated with the use of the virtual sources of information including eHealth and mHealth for health purposes. We analyze the difficulties caused by a set of individual-level constraints - lack of technology skills, chronic condition, and a distinction between lifestyle and healthcare goals that prevent the effective use of eHealth and mHealth sources. We propose that institutional level efforts encouraging the use of virtual health sources toward increased health empowerment and self-management practices should account for these individual-level constraints. By doing so, institutional health-care providers will be more likely to increase the quality in the delivery of health services and health programs, improve the likelihood of effective self-management practices, and reduce the risk of inducing secondary digital divide effects.
Healthcare Communications Study Among Physicians: Medical Monitor 2013Joshua Spiegel
Where do physicians get their information? What’s the best way to reach these important healthcare stakeholders? Find out with our Physician Healthcare Communications report.
Presentation to Ignite Columbus 4 about how social technologies can affect the transformation of health care from reactive medicine to medicine that is predictive, preventative, participatory, and personalized.
Protocols and Evidence based Healthcare: information technology tools to support best practices in health care, information technology tools that inform and empower patients.
Low Functional health literacy is a problem affecting 90 million residents of the United States. Among the 90 million, 36% are adults who have “below basic” health literacy skills. Assessing health literacy is important in improving health behaviors, health outcomes, and perceived communication barriers related to health. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act enacted in 2010 brought about changes that demand a more coordinated approach to manage health care services. This research focused on the efforts being made to promote health literacy at Medicaid health homes such as Greater Buffalo United Accountable Healthcare Network (GBUAHN). This research consisted of observation of Patient Health Navigator interactions with patients in order to identify best practices of health literacy initiatives within GBUAHN. Results suggest best practices include promoting and establishing relationship to effectively enhance patients understanding of all their healthcare needs. This study suggests that GBUAHN should continue making use of recommendations related health literacy promotion while exploring areas of improvement as noted on scorecard. Patient Health Navigators are engaging patient in manner that will establish adherence within patients.
Chapter 12 Consumer Health InformaticsWILLIAM R. HERSHM. CH.docxbartholomeocoombs
Chapter 12: Consumer Health Informatics
WILLIAM R. HERSH
M. CHRIS GIBBONS
YAHYA SHAIHK
ROBERT E. HOYT
Learning Objectives
After reviewing the presentation, viewers should be able to:
Identify the origins of consumer health informatics (CHI)
Discuss consumer health informatics tools
Enumerate the features and format of personal health records
Identify patient to physician electronic communication tools
Outline CHI barriers and challenges
Discuss future trends of CHI
Clearly, consumers (patients) are interested in technology as a means to improve access to medical care, improve communication with physicians and others and generally streamline the healthcare process
Consumer health informatics emerged with the confluence of widespread availability of the Internet and online information resources with the consumer movement that aimed to empower those who were ill (patients) and not yet ill (consumers) with information to maintain and improve their health as well as engage in the treatment of their disease
Introduction
Origins of CHI
Creation of the Internet in 1994 opened the door to consumers searching for medical information
Chronic diseases are on the rise and the population is aging; thereby increasing the need for more information and more tools
It has been known for over a decade that consumers want access to their health information online. A study by Deloitte in 2008 found that 60% of individuals surveyed wanted physicians to provide online access to their medical records and test results as well as online appointment scheduling
e-Health Era
Consumers want to interact directly with the healthcare system online
One important consumer health application is the personal health record (PHR)
The Markle Foundation provided an early definition of PHR in 2004, defining it as “an electronic application through which individuals can access, manage, and share their health information, and that of others for whom they are authorized, in a private, secure, and confidential environment”
Tang 2006 categorized three types of PHRs:
The tethered PHR, which is an extension of the healthcare provider’s EHR
The standalone PHR, which is an isolated application. It may be on a mobile device or a website
The interconnected or integrated PHR. This is a separate application, but it has the ability to interact with one or possibly more provider EHRs.
Types of PHR
The tethered PHR
Patient Access to EHR
OpenNotes aims to provide patients with access to the entirety of their medical record, including clinical notes (Delbanco 2010). OpenNotes was initially implemented in three academic centers across the US
There is growing consensus that patients should be the owners and stewards of their personal health and healthcare data (Hersh 2017). Current systems do not facilitate this point of view, as data is for the most part stored in the siloed EHR and other systems of the places where they obtain care.
Va Health Literacy Research Presentationguest169e62f
What is the Impact of Low VA Patient Literacy on VA Diabetes Patient Educational Initiatives?
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Chicago, IL USA
VA Diabetes Education Research Study 2008David Donohue
What is the Impact of Low VA Patient Literacy on VA Diabetes Patient Educational Initiatives?
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Chicago, IL USA
Access to oral health care services around the world is limited by a lack of universal coverage. The internet and social media can be an important source for patients to access supplementary oral health related information
Internet Interventions In Review, In Use, and Into the Future.docxmariuse18nolet
Internet Interventions: In Review, In Use, and Into the Future
Lee M. Ritterband, Linda A. Gonder-Frederick, Daniel J. Cox, Allan D. Clifton,
Rebecca W. West, and Stephen M. Borowitz
University of Virginia Health System
The provision of health care over the Internet is a rapidly evolving and potentially beneficial means of
delivering treatment otherwise unsought or unobtainable. Internet interventions are typically behavioral
treatments operationalized and transformed for Web delivery with the goal of symptom improvement.
The literature on the feasibility and utility of Internet interventions is limited, and there are even fewer
outcome study findings. This article reviews empirically tested Internet interventions and provides an
overview of the issues in developing and/or using them in clinical practice. Future directions and
implications are also addressed. Although Internet interventions will not likely replace face-to-face care,
there is little doubt that they will grow in importance as a powerful component of successful psychobe-
havioral treatment.
With the advancement of computer technologies over the
past 20 years, a flood of new ways to communicate, provide, and
deliver psychological treatments has emerged. The Internet has the
ability to reach people all over the world and provide highly
specialized psychological interventions otherwise not sought or
obtainable. There is a new but growing literature on the use of the
Internet as a means of delivering treatment. These Internet treat-
ments are typically focused on behavioral issues, with the goal of
instituting behavior change and subsequent symptom improve-
ment. They are usually self-paced, interactive, and tailored to the
user, and they make use of the multimedia format offered by the
Internet. Individuals with computer and Internet access who use
these treatments may also overcome many of the barriers to
obtaining traditional care because they can seek such treatments at
any time, any place, and often at significantly reduced cost.
Clearly, people are using computers and the Internet in greater
frequency and with the specific purpose of obtaining mental health
information (see Crutsinger, 2000; Employment Policy Founda-
tion, 2001; Pew Research Center, 2002; Rabasca, 2000). This new
field of Internet interventions is only going to grow and expand.
The benefits are vast, as there is the potential for greater numbers
of people to receive more services than ever before. However, to
meet this potential, Internet interventions, like any other treatment,
must first demonstrate feasibility and efficacy through rigorous
scientific testing. In this article we present a critical examination of
the current state of the available literature focused on the devel-
opment and testing of these types of interventions. In addition,
issues that should be addressed when constructing Internet inter-
ventions are enumerated, followed by a discussion of possible
future directions and implications.
State of the US healthcare industry - a compilation of infographics 2014Dr. Susan Dorfman
2014 is the year of healthcare reform! The internet is full of amazing information showcasing the scope of the reform and its current successes and struggles - as well as the impact it will have on the varying healthcare stakeholders, from healthcare professionals to institutions, patients and pharmaceutical manufacturers
Healthcare changes a compilation of infographics to tell a story of what's...Dr. Susan Dorfman
This started as an internal project I wanted to do for myself and my team, but later decided to share it. It represents the current and future state of healthcare, based on perspectives and infographics gathered from industry expert sources (each cited with a url to the original source of the image or chart) - with commentary in headers created by me to help put things into perspective. I also tried tried to provide a view of current and future states, including implications to varying stakeholders including patients, physicians and pharma
Influencers are key resources in the commercialization of products and companies…
The question is why? The answer is that they have large “NETWORKS” of listeners and other thought leaders who are influenced by them. This means they can rapidly achieve mass diffusion of information; mass product acceptance; and mass product adoption
US Healthcare Reform and Impact On Pharma and Healthcare IT CompaniesDr. Susan Dorfman
US Healthcare Reform and Its Impact on Pharma and Healthcare Companies:
Implications Current and Future
Presented at the Edison Ventures Pharma and Healthcare Business Solutions Executive Meeting Lawrenceville, NJ
April 20, 2010
Medication Compliance and Diabetes Outcomes: Is There a CorrelationDr. Susan Dorfman
The basis of this paper draws on the theory of health production functions and the
hypothesis that each person has control over his or her health outcomes through various
healthcare behavior choices. More specifically, the assumptions in paper were that the outcomes
(output) of diabetes care are determined by a person’s compliance (input) to his or her medication
regiment. One key factor of compliance, as shown in the studies presented herein, are the costs
associated with compliance – primarily the cash payments (co-pays) that patients must pay for
every prescription. Of particular interest is the understanding of the health outputs provided in
the studies presented herein relate to the patient health input, which in this case is noncompliance
due to co-pay, and if and how they can be associated and applied to the production
function.
With the distribution of medical information to over 160 million people in the United States, the Internet has been rapidly changing the consumer’s view of medicine by providing a key opportunity for consumers and patients to become actively involved in the provision of his or her health care.
While the growing availability and use of Internet health information and social networking tools can benefit consumer awareness and participatory medicine, such tools may also expand the chance of consumer health risks associated with misleading information and studies showing that only 1 out of 40 self-diagnosis results in a visit to a physician
EMRgecy Medicine: The Impact of EMR/EHR on Healthcare - Keynotes and Expert P...Dr. Susan Dorfman
The event was held in Bedminster, NJ, and was sponsored by ACHE-NJ and Cegedim Dendrite. It brought together experts from around the globe to help attendees better understand practical issues, benefits and challenges of EHR adoption, including interoperability, reimbursement, and more. Dr. Kennedy Ganti, the New Jersey Health IT Commissioner, was a keynote presenter as well as one of the guest panelists.
I have received many emails from people unable to attend this event due to time, date or location who wanted access to this presentation - so here it is!
The keynote presentations and introduction by the panel moderator, Michael Fossel, are presented in this slide deck.
(NOTE: A link to the recorded event - including the infamous panel of experts who received major applause and kudos at the conclusion of the event - will be available soon!)
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
3. Before We Begin…Key Terms Study definition of web-based health assessment tools: Electronic interfaces that enable consumers to assess and diagnose medical conditions based on identified symptoms without the involvement of a health care professional Common on the Internet Make self-diagnosis easier than ever before Examples of web-based health assessment tools: Websites with automated modules that prompt users to enter information about symptoms, yielding possible conditions as a result Informational sites that describe symptoms associated with medical conditions Consumer blogs and on-line support groups that promote discussion of symptoms and conditions without the electronic presence or oversight of medical personnel Demetrakakes, 2003
4.
5. Medical websites exist to help consumers use symptoms to self-diagnose illnesses and decide which symptoms require consultations with medical personnel
8. Often the basis of making health decisions Rajendran, 2001; Herrick, 2005; Tyson, 2000; Forkner-Dunn, 2003
9. Background (cont.) Health-related websites are expanding consumer access to medical information Using the Internet, consumers are empowered to: Quickly and easily obtain health information Self-diagnose Decide for themselves which symptoms or conditions need a consultation or office visit with a physician and which can be self-treated As the use of the Internet for health information becomes more widespread, risk to the overall consumer quality of care increases Resulting from incorrect or misleading information Resulting from a growing number of health consumers who will stop consulting physicians Risk & Dzenowagis, 2001; Paidakula, 2006; Herrick, 2005
10.
11. Young Invincibles and Cyberchondriacs are bornBuckley, 2009; Lorence & Abraham, 2006; Shrieves, 2009
12.
13.
14. Only one out of every 40 self-diagnoses resulted in a patient making an office visit for a medical consultation
15. Physicians at Centra Care, a health care chain in Florida providing urgent care, say that at least one cyberchondriacper day is seen at their facility Google, 2007; Harris Poll, 2007; Jones, 2000; Shrieves, 2009; Forkner-Dunn ,2003
16. Background (cont.) There is social concern about the yet-undetermined effects the Internet has had and will continue to have on consumer behaviors and health outcomes As consumers become more reliant on the Internet, the influence of web-based health assessment tools should be highlighted … Influence on behavior Influence on health outcomes Influence on seeking further advice from a doctor Bundorf et al., 2006
17. Problem Statement General Problem Observations The problem is that using the Internet as an information source for medical and health-related information may pose a risk to consumers who may rely on such information to self-diagnose and self-medicate These consumers do not have the knowledge or training to make informed decisions about their health or successfully diagnose and treat themselves, as studies have shown that consumers are unable to “assess and report on relevant physical signs” accurately A growing number of consumers are using such tools for self-diagnosis and treatment, Consumers may not seek help or advice of a doctor after the diagnosis Consumers may often choose to self-medicate This causes a disruption in the patient/physician relationship Lorence and Abraham, 2006; Herrick, 2005; Hardley, 1999; Xu et al., 2004
18. Problem Statement (cont.) Health-related websites are expanding consumer access to medical information once only available to physicians Specific Problem:Medical leaders cannot assure a safe and quality healthcare environment Based on the increasing proportion of patient/physician disruptions Resulting from a growing number of consumers using the Internet to self-diagnose and decide which symptoms require consultations with medical personnel Herrick, 2005; Tyson, 2000
19. Purpose of Study The purpose of this qualitative research study using the Delphi design is to: Understand how to ensure the health needs and optimal outcomes of health consumers Explore expert opinion about ramifications of web-based health assessment tools including: potential health benefits that such tools can have on patient health behaviors and health outcomes potential health risks that such tools can have on patient health behaviors and health outcomes. Explore recommendations for best practices in incorporating web-based health assessment tools into quality health care and continuing health management
20. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? There is a need to develop a recommended plan that incorporates the use of Internet-based self-assessment tools by adult consumers into quality health management Study Significance
21. Study Significance Explosion of Internet is a major transformational tool for the provision of health information and care Little is known about its effects on consumer health behaviors and health outcomes The study can be used to: Provide a health-care provider view of identified consumer health benefits and risks Develop innovative health care models Help medical leaders incorporate the Internet into quality health management shared between the doctor and patient Serve as the groundwork for future research Weaver et al., 2009; Herrick, 2005; Tyson, 2000
22. Study Significance (cont.) Significance to Leadership The U.S. health care system is in need of change The current health care system in the United States is also the most expensive system in the world and currently costs the nation more than $2 trillion per year Access and cost continue to be compelling issues for the nation A growing number of Americans is turning to the internet for health related activities The implications of the Internet on consumer health behaviors and outcomes need to be better understood and managed by leaders How the Internet is being used for health care related issues Potential health risks, dangers, and outcomes that such utilization can have on the nation Future models need to be built An important purpose of the current study was to help health care leaders break new ground, go beyond the known, and help craft the future of online health assessment tools Darling & Beebe, 2007; Frank, 2007; University of Maine, 2001
25. Study Findings - Highlights Panelists shared many common values and beliefs regarding how the Internet has changed the patient/physician relationship The panel of experts had reached consensus that The internet is a key source for: The dissemination of health care information Patient empowerment Social support The internet can negatively impact consumer health behaviors and outcomes The experts unanimously expressed the need for greater physician involvement and regulatory oversight Ten common themes were developed
27. Identified Benefits Strong panel consensus on benefits of web-based health assessment tools confirmed findings from literature review Internet has changed healthcare Places vast amounts of health information and resources literally at the fingertips of physicians, patients, care managers, health providers and other individuals engaged in health care Has massive implications in generating positive health awareness. Internet health tools can benefit the global expansion of consumer awareness and participatory medicine Internet enables like-minded patients to connect with each other for social support Internet empowers patients to communicate with their health care providers about a condition
28. Identified Risks Strong panel consensus of potential consumer health-related risks as a result of access to false or misleading information General panelist consensus (92%) suggested that because advice found on the Internet from random websites or patient support blogs can be wrong or misleading, the impact of consumer access to such false information is more negative than positive Expert panelists agree that consumers making health decisions based solely on information they have obtained on the Internet can be put at risk By self-diagnosing, self-treating, or delaying care Breakdown in the patient/physician relationship Not seeking help or advice of a physician after self-diagnosis Kerka, 2003; Paidakula, 2006
29. Study Results – High Consensus Health care professionals must play an active role in web-based health and in guiding patients to reliable web-based health information It is critical for health professionals to develop informed health consumers who know where to look for credible health information On-line access to certified health care professionals would be of benefit to consumers Current reimbursement system makes on-line patient/physician nothing more than an uncompensated burden The majority also agreed that such engagement strategies are currently not reimbursed by a majority of health plans Take time away from reimbursed patient care Changes to health insurance compensation structures that include web-based interaction are recommended
30. Study Results – No Consensus Participants did not agree on following topics (with <60% agreement and mean score 3.5 or less) Web-based health information empowers consumers to self-diagnose and self-treat Physician and hospital visits have increased as a result of consumers who use the internet to self-diagnose Patients seek unnecessary physician care as a result of incorrect recommendations from the internet Consumer use of the internet for self-diagnosis will increase the cost of healthcare in the long-term The internet has improved communication between doctors and patients The majority of internet-based health information accessible by consumers is false and misleading Patients who use the internet for health information are easier for physicians to work with Levy & Strombeck, 2002; Bundorf et al., 2006
31. Study Results – Marginal Consensus Two concepts remained at marginal consensus upon completion of wave 3 With 60-74% agreement Mean score above 3.5 (mid-way between neutral and agree, n=10) Patients turn to the internet for self-diagnosis to minimize out-of-pocket healthcare expenses Responder comments Disagree. Reasons are multiple and this is less important Disagree. They do it for convenience/privacy Disagree. They want input, ideas, referrals mostly The internet is the primary source for health- and symptom-related information by consumers Responder comments Disagree. Age dependant Agree. I agree that it has become the primary and first
33. Study Conclusions Conclusions Internet-based health tools impact consumer health behaviors Benefits include instant empowerment and access Implications of negative health outcomes have been uncovered Internet use for health information, as exists today, can have more negative than positive effects Health behaviors constitute health-related actions Impacting one’s health status Health behaviors represent the theoretical underpinnings of social learning theory The chance that a person will engage in particular behaviors is a result of that person’s anticipation of positive outcomes and a perceived value of the results These behaviors are reconciled by a perceived threat of a specific health outcome, by the barriers or benefits to taking a particular action, or by an expected reduction to threat as a result of taking action Implications need to be further studied Recommendations should be implemented and explored Weaver et al., 2009; Wallston, 1997; Cassell, Jackson, & Cheuvront, 1998
34. Recommendations Recommendations for future safe and effective use include: More active role of health care professionals in web-based health A review and certification process for health-related websites Modified reimbursement strategies for on-line physician/patient interactions On-demand, web-based access by consumers to certified health care professionals such as physicians, nurses, pharmacists and health librarians
35. Future Research Long-term quantitative analysis Examining the impact of health-related internet tools on consumer health behaviors, health outcomes, and cost consequences Specifically, looking at groups most affected: Young invincibles Uninsured Cyberchondriacs Minority groups and communities Documenting potential risks and subsequent cost to care Future research examining consumer perspectives on the: The impact of web-based health assessment tools on consumer health behaviors and outcomes Usefulness of real-time physician access on consumer health behaviors, outcomes and cost of care Perceived value of peer-review and website certification Buckley, 2009; Lorence & Abraham, 2006; Shrieves, 2009; Tu & Cohen, 2008
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Web-based health assessment tools can be defined as electronic interfaces that enable consumers to assess and diagnose medical conditions based on identified symptoms without the involvement of a health care professional (Demetrakakes, 2003). Potential health assessment sources include: websites with automated modules that prompt users to enter information about symptoms, yielding possible conditions as a result; informational sites that describe symptoms associated with medical conditions; and consumer blogs that promote discussion of symptoms and conditions without the electronic presence or oversight of medical personnel. Tools such as these are common on the Internet, making self-diagnosis easier than ever before (Demetrakakes, 2003).
With the distribution of medical information to nearly 100 million people in the United States (Rajendran, 2001), the Internet has been rapidly changing the consumer’s view of medicine by providing a key opportunity for consumers and patients to become actively involved in the provision of their own health care (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). Medical websites exist to help consumers use symptoms to self-diagnose illnesses and decide which symptoms require consultations with medical personnel (Herrick, 2005; Tyson, 2000). Internet sources have been influential as they have often been the basis of obtaining health information and making health decisions (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). In a survey that focused on Internet-based health information, 41% of respondents claimed that the Internet did affect their health care decisions, including whether to go to a doctor, treat an illness, or question their doctor (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). As consumers become more reliant on the use of the Internet for medical self-diagnosis, the influence of web-based health assessment tools on the patient’s behavior in seeking further advice from a doctor should be highlighted. Jones (2000) showed only one out of every 40 self-diagnoses resulted in a patient making an office visit for a medical consultation.
Using the Internet, patients can obtain health information that enables them to self-diagnose and decide for themselves which symptoms or conditions need a consultation or office visit with a physician and which can be self-treated (Herrick, 2005). Uninsured consumers who do not have cost-effective access to health care professionals rely on the Internet for self-diagnosis and treatment, often lacking the knowledge to make informed decisions (Hardey, 1999; Lorence & Abraham, 2006). With Internet self-diagnosis being so prominent in today’s culture, a new term, cyberchondria, has been created to describe the phenomenon of patients who use the Internet as a self-diagnostic tool to uncover potentially life threatening conditions causing them to unnecessarily spend valuable health care dollars on emergency room visits or specialist assistance (Shrieves, 2009). The practice, according to Shrieves, has become quite common. As the use of the Internet for health information becomes more widespread, risk to the overall consumer quality of care increases (Paidakula, 2006) resulting from incorrect or misleading information (Risk & Dzenowagis, 2001) and a growing number of health consumers who will stop consulting physicians (Paidakula, 2006).
Specific ProblemThe specific problem is that medical leaders cannot assure a safe and quality healthcare environment based on the increasing proportion of patient/physician disruptions as a growing number of consumers using the Internet continue to self-diagnose and decide which symptoms require consultations with medical personnel. Intro to Proposed MethodWith health-related websites expanding consumer access to medical information once only available to physicians, there is a need to develop a recommended plan that incorporates the use of internet-based self-assessment tools by adult consumers into quality health management. General PopulationTo understand how to assure the needs of health consumers, a panel of experts in health care throughout the United States will participate in a qualitative Delphi study to reach a consensus on potential health benefits and risks of web-based consumer health assessment tools as well as recommendations for safe and effective use of such tools.
Medical leaders cannot assure a safe and quality health care environment because of increasing patient/physician disruptions (Herrick, 2005) that include a growing number of consumers using the Internet to self-diagnose and decide which symptoms require consultations with medical personnel (Herrick, 2005; Tyson, 2000). Health-related websites are expanding consumer access to medical information that was once only available to physicians (Herrick, 2005)., The significance of the current study is that it may provide a health-care provider view of identified consumer health benefits and risks that can be used as the groundwork in future studies. The study findings could also assist medical leaders as they seek to develop health care plans that incorporate the use of Internet-based self-assessment tools into quality health management shared between the doctor and patient.
Leadership is the foundation of an organization, encompassing its leaders and followers. Leadership is also the foundation of health careSignificance to Future ResearchThe current study is significant because the findings may enable the development of a plan that incorporates recommendations for safe and effective uses of Internet-based consumer health self-assessment tools by adult consumers. The focus of leadership is on the ability to break new ground and find innovation, go beyond what is known, and help to define and build the future (Darling & Beebe, 2007). An important purpose of the current study was to help health care leaders break new ground, go beyond the known, and help create the future of online consumer self-help tools based on recommendations that were identified as a result of the findings from the study. The U.S. health care system is in need of change (Frank, 2007). In its current state, it is a non-system that leaves many gaps in coverage. As medical insurance rates rise and more employers eliminate coverage due to unaffordable premiums, an increasing number of people become uninsured and unable to pay for or have access to health care (University of Maine, 2001). The current health care system in the United States is also the most expensive system in the world and currently costs the nation more than $2 trillion per year (Frank, 2007). As access and cost continue to be compelling issues for the nation, leadership of the country needs to understand better how the Internet is being used for health care related issues and the potential health risks, dangers, and outcomes that such utilization can have on the nation.
Leadership is the foundation of an organization, encompassing its leaders and followers (Fuchs, 2007). Leadership is also the foundation of health care, as the provision of health care occurs at an organizational level. With theoretical underpinnings of the appreciative inquiry model (Bush & Korrapati, 2004), the current study will enable the discovery of flaws and strengths in the current system that could ultimately lead to the transformation and optimal use of Internet-based health information and tools The predictions on how such tools could positively and negatively affect stakeholders could enable future studies about the design of action plans and changes that need to be made to maximize the strengths of the Internet while minimizing the weaknesses. The contributions of the current study could support future global studies and leadership initiatives to improve how health information is managed globally through the transformational power of open communication, trust, and support of consumers, health care professionals, and world-wide leaders.
How has the Internet changed healthcare?Can self-help and health information websites influence consumer health behaviors and health outcomes? In your experience, what have been some health risks associated with the use of self-help and health information websites by patients, consumers and caregivers?In your experience, what have been the benefits of such tools?Should the use of the Internet tools and websites be incorporated into healthcare practices?How could health professionals including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and even health librarians be integrated into the web-based health information model to support consumers in need?
The strong consensus from the expert panelists that the Internet has changed healthcare by placing vast amounts of health information and resources literally at the fingertips of physicians, patients, care managers, health providers and other individuals engaged in health care has massive implications in generating positive health awareness.According to the panelist consensus, the use of the Internet has also enabled like-minded patients to connect with each other for social support as well as feel more empowered to communicate with their health care providers about a condition. While the growing availability and use of Internet health tools can benefit the global expansion of consumer awareness and participatory medicine, these tools may also expand the chance of consumer health risks associated with a breakdown in the patient/physician relationship due to the growing number of consumers not seeking help or advice of a physician after self-diagnosis (Kerka, 2003).
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further study the effects of young invincibles, uninsured and cyberchondriacs on health outcomes and cost factors