Health care disparities exist between different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The WHO defines health disparities as differences in health outcomes that are closely linked to social and economic disadvantage. There can be up to a 33 year difference in life expectancy between racial groups. Disparities are driven by social determinants like education, income, and environment. Minority groups face greater barriers to accessing quality health care due to lack of insurance, language barriers, and provider biases. Addressing disparities requires improvements in data collection, the health workforce, and policies aimed at promoting equity.
(HEPE) Introduction To Health Disparities 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
(HEPE) Introduction To Health Disparities 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Equity is the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically or by other means of stratification. "Health equity” or “equity in health” implies that ideally, everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential.
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Understand why hospitals must take the lead in eliminating disparities in care
Learn about the various dimensions of health care disparities. This presentation provides a background on the factors contributing to health care disparities, the ways in which race, ethnicity and language (REaL) data may be applied to improve health equity, as well as strategies through which to enhance the collection of REaL data.
Authors: Bohr D, Bostick N
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016
Its content included:
Ethics of public health and health promotion
Ethics of disasters and emergency medicine.
Resource allocation.
DISCLAIMER:
This presentation is based on Hussein GM, Alkabba AF, Kasule OH. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents (PEHR): A Practical Guide. Ware J, Kattan T (eds). 1st Edition. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, 2015.AND
Training material presented to the East Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) course on Public Health Ethics (Amman, 2014)
Seminar 9 health care delivery system in united states of americaDr. Ankit Mohapatra
Health care organization
Health financing in US
Payment mechanism
Health expenditure
Human and physical recourses
Public health
Patient pathway into health care
Provision of services
ACA
US vs India Healthcare
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Equity is the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically or by other means of stratification. "Health equity” or “equity in health” implies that ideally, everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential.
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Understand why hospitals must take the lead in eliminating disparities in care
Learn about the various dimensions of health care disparities. This presentation provides a background on the factors contributing to health care disparities, the ways in which race, ethnicity and language (REaL) data may be applied to improve health equity, as well as strategies through which to enhance the collection of REaL data.
Authors: Bohr D, Bostick N
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016
Its content included:
Ethics of public health and health promotion
Ethics of disasters and emergency medicine.
Resource allocation.
DISCLAIMER:
This presentation is based on Hussein GM, Alkabba AF, Kasule OH. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents (PEHR): A Practical Guide. Ware J, Kattan T (eds). 1st Edition. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, 2015.AND
Training material presented to the East Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) course on Public Health Ethics (Amman, 2014)
Seminar 9 health care delivery system in united states of americaDr. Ankit Mohapatra
Health care organization
Health financing in US
Payment mechanism
Health expenditure
Human and physical recourses
Public health
Patient pathway into health care
Provision of services
ACA
US vs India Healthcare
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Reasons for Disparities in Health and HealthCareYiscah Bracha
Draws attention to population health, and ways to assess differences between populations in health and health care. Presented to an ethnically diverse group of residents at a family practice clinic in Minneapolis. August 08.
Public health week conference racism and healthcareAntoniette Holt
This is an older presentation from Public Health Conference in 2016, but still has some really helpful points to address racism, health disparities, and the need for health equity. There are scenarios to help encourage discussion. Also some helpful next steps.
Presentation by Steven H. Woolf, MD, MPH at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference.
Dr. Woolf shared research on the dramatic influences of social conditions on health inequities nationally and in the Commonwealth of Virginia. He also discussed the importance of packaging the evidence in compelling formats for policymakers and the public.
Disparities in Health Care: The Significance of Socioeconomic StatusAmanda Romano-Kwan
This research paper discusses the disparities in the health care system, with a specific focus on socioeconomic status and how it affects the access and availability of quality care.
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Low Health Literacy in the Older Adult: Identification & Intervention power p...Jeanne Baus
Low Health Literacy in Older Adults is a common challenge for home health care nurses. This powerpoint addresses how to identify low health literacy levels and how to effectively meet the patient needs to improve health education goals and outcomes.
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
1. Health Care Disparities
The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines health disparities as:
Differences in health outcomes that are
closely linked with social, economic, and
environmental disadvantage — are often
driven by the social conditions in which
individuals live, learn, work and play
2. It’s Been Said
“Of all the forms of inequality,
injustice in healthcare is the
most shocking and
inhumane “
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King
3. Disparity
The lack of similarity or equality;
any quality difference;
the condition of being unequal
4. Definitions
Health: state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being.
Healthcare: the prevention, treatment and
management of illness and the preservation of mental
and physical well-being; services offered by the
medical and Allied health professions
5. Determinants of Health
1. Behavior
2. Physical environment
3. Social environment
4. Biology
5. Individual
6. Social Determinants
1. Education
2. Food
3. Decent and Safe Housing
4. Affordable Public Transportation
5. Health Insurance
6. Clean Water, Sanitation and Non-Polluted
Air
9. Overview of Racial and Ethnic
Health Disparities
Murray et al show a difference of 33 years between the longest living and shortest
living groups in the U.S.
This research found that:: Disparities in mortality across the eight Americas, each
consisting of millions or tens of millions of Americans, are enormous . The
observed disparities in life expectancy cannot be explained by race, income, or
basic health-care access and utilization alone. Because policies aimed at reducing
fundamental socioeconomic inequalities are currently practically absent in the
US, health disparities will have to be at least partly addressed through public
health strategies that reduce risk factors for chronic diseases and injuries.
Murray CJL, Kulkarni SC, Michaud C, Tomijima N, Bulzacchelli MT, et al. (2006) Eight Americas:
Investigating Mortality
Disparities across Races, Counties, and Race-Counties in the United States. PLoS Med 3(9): e260.
doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.0030260.
11. Economic Burden
$1.24 trillion
The combined costs of health inequalities
and premature death in the United States
between 2003 and 2006
Source:
Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies
12. Sources of Disparities in Care
• Patient level
– i.e. patient preferences
• Healthcare systems level
– i.e lack of interpretation and translation services
• Provider level
– i.e. bias clinical uncertainty
13. Measures of Health Care Disparities
• Prevention Quality
– Indicators, Ambulatory Care, Sensitive Conditions
• Vital Statistics
– Population, Births, Deaths
• Access
– Health Insurance, Geography
• Demographics
– Socioeconomic Status
• Clinical Indicators
– Co-morbidity (i.e obesity and diabetes)
14.
15. Health Care
According to the Institute of Medicine:
Minorities are significantly less likely than the
rest of the population to have health insurance.
Lack of insurance negatively affects the quality
of health care received by minority populations.
16. By the Numbers
• 1/3 of the U.S population Minorities
• 50 million people Uninsured
• 50% are minorities ~25 million people
• 56 million people experience rates of preventable
hospitalizations
• 2 times that of non-Hispanic Whites
• 19 million patients served by Health Services and
Resources Administration (HRSA):
• 63% are Minorities
• 92% have Income Below Federal Poverty Level
SOURCE: www.hrsa.gov/ Health Services and Resources Administration
17. Factors That Influence Health Status
Race or Ethnicity
Religion
SES
Gender
Age
Mental Health
Disability
Sexual Orientation or
Gender Identity
Geographic Location
19. Disparities in the Health and Human
Services Infrastructure and Workforce
Hispanics ~ 16% of the U.S. population
< 6% of U.S. physicians
African Americans ~ 24% of the U.S. population
~ 6% of U.S. physicians
24 million adults with limited English proficiency
Minorities are more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report
experiencing poorer quality patient-provider interactions
20. Noted Success
National Health Service Corps (NHSC) invests in the healthcare
workforce by placing health professionals in Health Professional
Shortage Areas to care for underserved populations.
7,000 NHSC clinicians provide healthcare services in
underserved areas in exchange for loan repayment or
scholarships:
~ 33% of these clinicians are minorities
50% serve in Community Health Centers (CHC)
22. People QuickFacts Hempstead,NY
Population (2010) 53,891 19,378,102
Population (2012) 54,883 19,570,261
Population Hempstead, NY New York State
Population % change (4/1/2010-7/1/2012) 1.8% 1.0%
< 5 years old 8.5% 6.0%
< 18 years old 25.6% 22.3%
White 21.9% 65.7%
Black or African American 48.3% 15.9%
Two or More Races 5.0% 3.0%
Hispanic or Latino 44.2% 17.6%
Foreign 39.2% 21.8%
Language other than English at home (age +5) 46.9% 29.5%
High school graduate or higher (age +25) 69.5% 84.6%
Bachelor’s degree or higher (age +25) 16.5% 32.5%
23. Successful Note
CDC’s Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health
(REACH)
• seek better health
• change local healthcare practices
• implement evidence-based public health programs
Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW)
• support statewide
• community-based policy
• nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco control
24. Race and Medical Care
Minorities receive fewer procedures and poor
quality medical care than Whites
Mechanisms:
• Institutional Discrimination
• Socioeconomic Status
• Segregation
• Internalized Racism
• Inability to Communicate
25. Community Ranking Pediatric Preventative
Care Sensitive Hospitalizations per 100,000
Pediatric Population (2013)
26. How It’s Going
Community with Highest Admission Rate: Hempstead
Preventable pediatric admission rate 22 times the rate
of the community with the lowest rate (Melville).
27.
28.
29. 411
• Black are 2-4 times more likely than Whites and Hispanics
to be hospitalized for a potentially preventable conditions
• Black men and women are more likely to die from heart
disease vs. all other racial ethnic groups
• Minority women have lower rates of breast cancer than
White women but are more likely to die from the disease
• Life expectancy differs by nearly 10 years between Black
men (70 years) and White women (80+ years)
30. Head Start Program
Minorities make up 79% of the population served by Head
Start administered by the Administration for Children and
Families (ACF)
Goals of the program:
• Promote the social and cognitive development of children
• Provide educational, health, nutritional, social and other
services to enrolled children and families
• Help parents make progress toward their educational,
literacy, and employment goals
• Engages parents in their child’s learning
31. Kathleen G. Sebelius, Secretary,
Health & Human Services
“It is time to refocus, reinforce, and
repeat the message that health
disparities exist and that health equity
benefits everyone.”
32. References
American community survey; Hofstra University University
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Disparities across Races, Counties, and Race-Counties in the United States. PLoS Med
3(9): e260. doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.0030260.
Healthy People 2020
Health Services and Resources Administration www.hrsa.gov/
Long Island index 2015
Murray CJL, Kulkarni SC, Michaud C, Tomijima N, Bulzacchelli MT, et al. (2006) Eight
Americas: Investigating Mortality
National centers for health statistics 2005
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King
US Census 2010
US Census 2015
http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/new-york/2015/county/snapshots/059
Editor's Notes
Healthy People 2020
www.Merriman-webster.com
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National centers for health statistics 2005 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2005
1.noun (pl. disparities) a great difference 2. noun (pl. inequalities) difference in size, degree 3. noun (pl. inequities) lack of fairness or justice:
Source: IOM, 2002 Unequal treatment confronting racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare
Population, percent change, April 1, 2010 to July 1,
2012 1.8% 1.0%
Population, 2010 53,891 19,378,102
Persons under 5 years, percent, 2010 8.5% 6.0%
Persons under 18 years, percent, 2010 25.6% 22.3%
White alone, percent, 2010 (a) 21.9% 65.7%
Black or African American alone, percent, 2010 (a) 48.3% 15.9%
Two or More Races, percent, 2010 5.0% 3.0%
Hispanic or Latino, percent, 2010 (b) 44.2% 17.6%
Foreign born persons, percent, 2007-2011 39.2% 21.8%
Language other than English spoken at home,
percent age 5+, 2007-2011 46.9% 29.5%
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons
age 25+, 2007-2011 69.5% 84.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons
age 25+, 2007-2011 16.5% 32.5%