Internet interventions are behavioral treatments delivered via the Internet with the goal of symptom improvement. Several studies have found Internet interventions to be feasible and effective for issues like smoking cessation, weight loss, headaches, and body image. However, more research is still needed. Future Internet interventions may be more engaging through improved use of graphics, audio, and interactivity. Hybrid interventions address bandwidth limitations by storing large files locally while maintaining Internet connection.
M. Chris Gibbons - Health IT and Healthcare DisparitiesPlain Talk 2015
"Health IT and Healthcare Disparities" was presented at the Center for Health Literacy Conference 2011: Plain Talk in Complex Times by M. Chris Gibbons, MD, MPH, Associate Director, Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute.
Description: This presenter will discuss the use of technology and consumer health information to improve healthcare disparities.
Director Lee Rainie presented to physicians, administrators, and staff at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California on January 12 on understanding social networking and online health information seeking.
Patient Powered Research with Big Data and Connected Communities by Assoc. P...wkwsci-research
Presented during the WKWSCI Symposium 2014
21 March 2014
Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre
Organized by the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University
M. Chris Gibbons - Health IT and Healthcare DisparitiesPlain Talk 2015
"Health IT and Healthcare Disparities" was presented at the Center for Health Literacy Conference 2011: Plain Talk in Complex Times by M. Chris Gibbons, MD, MPH, Associate Director, Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute.
Description: This presenter will discuss the use of technology and consumer health information to improve healthcare disparities.
Director Lee Rainie presented to physicians, administrators, and staff at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California on January 12 on understanding social networking and online health information seeking.
Patient Powered Research with Big Data and Connected Communities by Assoc. P...wkwsci-research
Presented during the WKWSCI Symposium 2014
21 March 2014
Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre
Organized by the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University
The Internet has been rapidly changing the consumer’s view of medicine. As the use of the Internet for health information becomes more widespread, risk to the overall consumer quality of care increases. There is social concern about the yet-undetermined effects the Internet has had and will continue to have on consumer behaviors and health outcomes. This study examines such behaviors and makes recommendations for the enrichment of future care.
Running head APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1.docxSUBHI7
Running head: APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1
APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 4
Applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Joseph Toole
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
3 Jan 2016
Unprotected sexual intercourse among teens is one of the major negative health behaviors in the current society. The sexual intercourse among teens has predisposed teenagers to sexually transmitted diseases and early pregnancy. The rate of intercourse among the teenagers has been on the rise and this raises eyebrows on the intervention strategies that need to be adopted in reducing the behavior among the teenagers. The major reason why the health behavior has been on the increase is due to influence by the media and lack of information among the teenagers. It is therefore important to address the problem before it becomes a major disaster in the society.
The behavior of intercourse is problematic to the society. One of the factors that make it problematic is how the teenagers are predisposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the teenagers are not informed on the health dangers of their behaviors and end up risking their lives. Some of the sexually transmitted diseases are very dangerous and could lead to death such as HIV/AIDs, which means that if the health behavior is not taken care of, then more teenagers are expected to die. It is therefore important that the behavior is paid the attention that it deserves before the mortality rate resulting from the behavior increases (Li, 2009).
There are a number of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers. One of these factors is the media. The media has played a major role in influencing sexual intercourse among teenagers. Nowadays, the media brings programs that even show the people having sexual intercourse. Since teenagers always want to experiment what they see, they will want to try it out, leading to unprotected sexual intercourse. With the introduction of internet and smart phones, teenagers nowadays can watch anything and since it is difficult to filter the content from the internet, it becomes impossible to control what the teenagers are watching. The other PRE factor considered to increase the prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers is lack of information about sex by the teenagers. Even though many teenagers are exposed to the internet and other sources of information, they do not have information on how to practice safe sex. The parents are also shying away from educating their children, an aspect that makes the teenagers oblivious of the dangers involved in practicing unprotected sex. Most of the teenagers practice unsafe sex since they do not know the health dangers involved. Some of them think that pregnancy is the only thing that should be avoided during sex not knowing that there are other many health dangers that can be avoided by having safe sex ...
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
Low Functional health literacy is a problem affecting 90 million residents of the United States. Among the 90 million, 36% are adults who have “below basic” health literacy skills. Assessing health literacy is important in improving health behaviors, health outcomes, and perceived communication barriers related to health. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act enacted in 2010 brought about changes that demand a more coordinated approach to manage health care services. This research focused on the efforts being made to promote health literacy at Medicaid health homes such as Greater Buffalo United Accountable Healthcare Network (GBUAHN). This research consisted of observation of Patient Health Navigator interactions with patients in order to identify best practices of health literacy initiatives within GBUAHN. Results suggest best practices include promoting and establishing relationship to effectively enhance patients understanding of all their healthcare needs. This study suggests that GBUAHN should continue making use of recommendations related health literacy promotion while exploring areas of improvement as noted on scorecard. Patient Health Navigators are engaging patient in manner that will establish adherence within patients.
The original validation of the CORS for kids and the ORS for adolescents. Allowed the benefits of client based outcome feedback to expand to youth and family and paved the way to the current RCT with kids in the schools.
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
19
19
21
32
34
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
U.S. adults living with chronic disease are significantly less likely than healthy adults to have access to the internet (62% vs. 81%). The internet access gap creates an online health information gap. However, lack of internet access, not lack of interest in the topic, is the primary reason for the difference. Once online, having a chronic disease increases the probability that someone will take advantage of social media to share what they know and learn from their peers.
Going online doesn’t have to be only about chatting with colleagues and patients. Experts give insights into techniques to tap into the power of social media.
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxvannagoforth
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind ...
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxhoney690131
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
More Related Content
Similar to Internet Interventions In Review, In Use, and Into the Future.docx
The Internet has been rapidly changing the consumer’s view of medicine. As the use of the Internet for health information becomes more widespread, risk to the overall consumer quality of care increases. There is social concern about the yet-undetermined effects the Internet has had and will continue to have on consumer behaviors and health outcomes. This study examines such behaviors and makes recommendations for the enrichment of future care.
Running head APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1.docxSUBHI7
Running head: APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1
APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 4
Applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Joseph Toole
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
3 Jan 2016
Unprotected sexual intercourse among teens is one of the major negative health behaviors in the current society. The sexual intercourse among teens has predisposed teenagers to sexually transmitted diseases and early pregnancy. The rate of intercourse among the teenagers has been on the rise and this raises eyebrows on the intervention strategies that need to be adopted in reducing the behavior among the teenagers. The major reason why the health behavior has been on the increase is due to influence by the media and lack of information among the teenagers. It is therefore important to address the problem before it becomes a major disaster in the society.
The behavior of intercourse is problematic to the society. One of the factors that make it problematic is how the teenagers are predisposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the teenagers are not informed on the health dangers of their behaviors and end up risking their lives. Some of the sexually transmitted diseases are very dangerous and could lead to death such as HIV/AIDs, which means that if the health behavior is not taken care of, then more teenagers are expected to die. It is therefore important that the behavior is paid the attention that it deserves before the mortality rate resulting from the behavior increases (Li, 2009).
There are a number of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers. One of these factors is the media. The media has played a major role in influencing sexual intercourse among teenagers. Nowadays, the media brings programs that even show the people having sexual intercourse. Since teenagers always want to experiment what they see, they will want to try it out, leading to unprotected sexual intercourse. With the introduction of internet and smart phones, teenagers nowadays can watch anything and since it is difficult to filter the content from the internet, it becomes impossible to control what the teenagers are watching. The other PRE factor considered to increase the prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers is lack of information about sex by the teenagers. Even though many teenagers are exposed to the internet and other sources of information, they do not have information on how to practice safe sex. The parents are also shying away from educating their children, an aspect that makes the teenagers oblivious of the dangers involved in practicing unprotected sex. Most of the teenagers practice unsafe sex since they do not know the health dangers involved. Some of them think that pregnancy is the only thing that should be avoided during sex not knowing that there are other many health dangers that can be avoided by having safe sex ...
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
Low Functional health literacy is a problem affecting 90 million residents of the United States. Among the 90 million, 36% are adults who have “below basic” health literacy skills. Assessing health literacy is important in improving health behaviors, health outcomes, and perceived communication barriers related to health. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act enacted in 2010 brought about changes that demand a more coordinated approach to manage health care services. This research focused on the efforts being made to promote health literacy at Medicaid health homes such as Greater Buffalo United Accountable Healthcare Network (GBUAHN). This research consisted of observation of Patient Health Navigator interactions with patients in order to identify best practices of health literacy initiatives within GBUAHN. Results suggest best practices include promoting and establishing relationship to effectively enhance patients understanding of all their healthcare needs. This study suggests that GBUAHN should continue making use of recommendations related health literacy promotion while exploring areas of improvement as noted on scorecard. Patient Health Navigators are engaging patient in manner that will establish adherence within patients.
The original validation of the CORS for kids and the ORS for adolescents. Allowed the benefits of client based outcome feedback to expand to youth and family and paved the way to the current RCT with kids in the schools.
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
19
19
21
32
34
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
U.S. adults living with chronic disease are significantly less likely than healthy adults to have access to the internet (62% vs. 81%). The internet access gap creates an online health information gap. However, lack of internet access, not lack of interest in the topic, is the primary reason for the difference. Once online, having a chronic disease increases the probability that someone will take advantage of social media to share what they know and learn from their peers.
Going online doesn’t have to be only about chatting with colleagues and patients. Experts give insights into techniques to tap into the power of social media.
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxvannagoforth
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind ...
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxhoney690131
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind.
Similar to Internet Interventions In Review, In Use, and Into the Future.docx (20)
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeGroup Project.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort, Hotel & Casino is the pride and joy of Pebbles, Inc. There are over seven thousand spacious suites, designer shopping, world-class dining, and incredible entertainment. The location also includes a theatre where very well-known acts perform year round. The venue has an estimated seating capacity of 5,000. Typically, the theatre books a resident performer for 9-12 months at a time. Most recently, they signed on Brianne Smalle – a chart topping twenty-five year old pop sensation – to begin performing in the next 30 days. Unfortunately, Brianne has just been arrested after a multi-state car chase. To make matters worse, when she was finally stopped, the police found proof of major involvement in an international drug ring. In addition to her charges of DUI, she is now being accused of various charges related to the drug ring including money laundering, drug trafficking, human trafficking, kidnap and murder.
The Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Center was opened in 2002 to respond to the demands of the city. The Expo & Convention Center boasts over 2 million square feet with exhibit space of 1.5 million square feet. The location is central and is walking distance from over 100,000 guest rooms. The Convention Center is in the process of undergoing major renovations in order to accommodate the technology needs and desires of their guests and vendors. The intention was to complete the renovations by the end of the summer. Unfortunately, the main contractor, Trust Us Construction, is three months behind schedule due to the main project manager’s recent problems with gambling addiction. The convention center has a major exposition scheduled in two weeks for Fine China and Crystal of The World. The owner of the Center is convinced that the expo will go on as planned, confident that spare boards, exposed cords, drilling, hammering and multiple construction workers walking through the ex.
Iranian Women and GenderRelations in Los AngelesNAYEREH .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Women and Gender
Relations in Los Angeles
NAYEREH TOHIDI
In California, the popular face of immigration tends to be either Latin American or
Asian, but large numbers of immigrants who come from other regions in the world,
especially the Near East, have been quietly reshaping California demography. In this
study, Nayereh Tohidi focuses on the Iranians who have come to Los Angeles in the
wake of the 1979 Iranian revolution, largely middle- and upper-middle-class Tehrani-
ans who have fled the repressive policies of the current post-Shah, fundamentalist
regime. But American freedoms have offered particular challenges to Iranian immi-
grants, especially women, who tend to have "more egalitarian views of marital roles
than Iranian men," in Tohidi's words, a "discrepancy" that has led to "new conflicts
between the sexes." Thus, Iranian women immigrants are at once freer than their
sisters in Iran, more conflicted, and more in need of a "new identity acceptable to
their ethnic community and appropriate to the realities of their host country." Tohidi
is an associate professor of women's studies at California State University, Northridge.
She directs a new program in Islamic Community Studies at CSUN and is also a re-
search associate at the Center for Near Eastern Studies at the University of Califor-
nia, Los Angeles. Tohidi's publications include Feminism, Democracy, and Islamism in
Iran (1996), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity (1998), and Global-
ization, Gender, and Religion: The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim
Contexts (2001).
I mmigration is a major life change, and the process of adapting to a newsociety can be extremely stressful, especially when the new environ-
ment is drastically different from the old. There is evidence that the im-
pact of migration on women and their roles differs from the impact of
the same process on men (Espin 1987; Salgado de Snyder 1987). The mi-
gration literature is not conclusive, however, about whether the overall
effect is positive or negative. Despite all the trauma and stress associated
with migration, some people perceive it as emancipatory, especially for
women coming from environments where adherence to traditional gen-
der roles is of primary importance. As [one researcher] said, "When the
traditional organization of society breaks down as a result of contact and
collision .. . the effect is, so to speak, to emancipate the individual man.
Energies that were formerly controlled by custom and tradition are re-
leased" (Furio 1979, 18).
My own observations of Iranians in Los Angeles over the past eight
years, as well as survey research I carried out in 1990,1 reveal that Iranian
1 This article draws on a survey of a sample of 134 Iranian immigrants in Los Angeles, 83
females and 51 males, and on interviews with a smaller sample of women and men.
149
1 50 The Great Migration: Immigrants in California History
women immigrants in Los Angeles are a homogeneou.
IRB HANDBOOK
IRB A-Z Handbook
Effective September 16, 2013
Capella University
225 South Sixth Street, Ninth Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
1
IRB HANDBOOK
Table of Contents
Introduction to the IRB A to Z Handbook ................................................................................ 3
Preparation for IRB Review ...................................................................................................... 4
Developing a Human Research Protection Plan 5
Documenting the Plan in Your IRB Submission Materials 5
Determining Submission Requirements ......................................................................... 5
Selecting the IRB Application 6
Selecting the Informed Consent or Assent Form Templates 7
Identifying Instrument Requirement(s) 8
Identifying Other Supporting Documents 8
Completing Application Forms, Letters, and Templates .................................................... 8
Completing the IRB Application 9
Drafting the Informed Consent or Assent Form(s) 10
Drafting the Recruitment Material(s) 10
Obtaining Research Site Permissions 10
What if I can’t get permission before IRB review? 11
Assessing and Revising Submission Materials ............................................................... 12
Assessing IRB Submission Materials 12
Revising IRB Submission Materials 12
IRB Submission and Review .................................................................................................. 13
Submitting Your IRB Application ................................................................................. 13
Registering and Activating an Account 13
Starting an application 13
Sending your application to your mentor 14
Completing IRB Office Screening Process .................................................................... 14
Undergoing IRB Review ............................................................................................. 15
Introduction to the Levels of Review 15
Receiving the IRB Decision Letter 16
IRB Decisions 16
Revising Your Study in Response to IRB Decision 17
Obtaining IRB Approval or Exemption ......................................................................... 18
Reviewing the IRB Approval Letter 19
Post-IRB Approval Procedures .............................................................................................. 20
Ensuring Ongoing Compliance .................................................................................... 20
Requesting Modifications to IRB-approved Studies........................................................ 20
Submitting a Modification Request Package ................................................................. 20
Implementing the Modification 21
Undergoing Continuing Review ................................................................................... 21
Submitting a Continuing Review Package 21
Reporting Adverse Events or Unanticipated Problems .....
IQuiz # II-Emerson QuizGeneral For Emerson, truth (or.docxmariuse18nolet
I
Quiz # II-Emerson Quiz
General: For Emerson, truth (or Spirit) is indwelling in the Universe, expressed through
nature and man and perceived through Reason (or Intuition) rather than just
understanding (reason, logic). All things are potentially microcosms, containing the
germs of all Truth, and so are not to be read as logical arguments
Here are some quotes from "Self Reliance," Choose one and explain what Emerson
means in your own words in 500 words. Due at our next meeting-Oct. 31, 2013
1. "Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense"
2. We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of
us represents."
3. "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its
members."
4. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind."
5. "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin oflittle minds, [famous Emersonism]
adored by little statements and philosophers and divines. With consistency a
great soul has simply nothing to do."
6. "The centuries are conspirators against the sanity and authority of the soul."
7. "Life only avails, not the having lived. Power ceases in the instant of repose."
[another famous Emersonism]
8. "Just as men's prayers are a disease of the will, so are their creeds a disease of the
intellect. "
9. 10. "In the Will work and acquire, and thou has chained the wheel of Chance, and
shalt sit thereafter out of fear from her rotations .... Nothing can bring you peace
but yourself." .
------ --
.
i
Python 2
For Beginners Only
Version 1.0
Matthew Kindy, 2010
Derived from: Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist by Allen Downey
ii
Copyright (C) 2010 Matthew Kindy
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foun-
dation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ”GNU Free Documentation License”.
iii
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing
it is not allowed. 0.
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document
free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative works of the document must them-
selves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a
copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software
needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by
the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
herein. The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as you. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it,
either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Documents
overall subject (or to related matters) and conta.
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, Issue 1; 11-16
* Correspondence; Email: [email protected] Received 2010/09/08; Accepted 2010/12/14
Personality traits, management styles & conflict management in a
military unit
Salimi S. H.
1
PhD, Karaminia R.
2
PhD, Esmaeili A. A.
*
MSc
*
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
1
Sport Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: Personality of managers affects their managerial style and their conflict management method. This study was
performed with the aim of investigating the relation between personality traits, leadership styles and conflict management
methods in a military unit.
Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study was performed on 200 senior managers of a military unit in Qom who were
selected by available sampling method. The leadership style was investigated by leadership styles questionnaire and
managers’ personality traits were investigated by NEO questionnaire and their conflict management method was studied by
Robbins questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style was the most frequent style (65.5%) and compatible
personality was the most observed characteristic (19.5%). The extrovert personality had positive relation with participatory
management style. There was a significant positive relationship between the extrovert personality and management style
score. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and incompatible style.
Conclusion: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style is the most frequent style and compatible personality
is the most observed characteristic among the studied unit’s senior managers. There is a significant positive relationship
between solution-seeking and controller methods of managing conflict and management style score and there is a significant
negative relationship between neuroticism and management style score.
Keywords: Personal Traits, Management Styles, Conflict Management, NEO Questionnaire
Introduction
In the current era, understanding the personality of
individuals is necessary in many situations of life.
Managers' personality is effective in the process and
choice of conflict resolution method and management
style. Research shows that there is a significant
correlation between personality traits and style of
conflict management. An indifferent or impassive
manager passes the issue and ignores it, while another
manager shows serious reactions [1]. Therefore, for
achieving organizational go.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0 PLAG.docxmariuse18nolet
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0% PLAGIARISM
1 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
Overview
Each student will create a detailed, unified technical design of network services given the
scenario. The submission will be in a written format with a length of at least 1000 words
(not counting diagrams, quoted passages, or other attachments) and with at least one
detailed diagram created by the student. The assignment is meant for students to enhance
their mastery of the material and to provide a creative and realistic way in which to apply
knowledge from this course.
Scenario
You are a consultant being brought in by XUMUC to assist with its merger with another
company.
Background
XUMUC has the WAN links in place to the new locations in the Houston Region.
XUMUC currently has 2 other Regions San Francisco and Denver. Originally, XUMUC
was only in one region (San Francisco). The previous consultant did a poor job with the
integration resulting in a poor IP address scheme as a result routing tables at the
summarization points and at the San Francisco Campus are very large.
In addition, no VLAN structure was developed to isolate broadcast traffic. There are 4
main departments in XUMC: sales, finance, human resources, and research and
development. Also, there has been some concern that the WAN transport was not able to
accommodate the network traffic. Finally, all addresses in the network are statically
assigned resulting in high administration overhead when changes are made. XUMC
would like this changed to lower administrative overhead.
IP ADDRESSING TABLE
Location
Number of IP
Addresses
Required Address Block Assigned
San Francisco 1290 172.16.0.0-172.16.7.255/21
Denver Region
Denver Campus 441
Remote Office 1 28
Remote Office 2 35
Houston Region
Houston Campus 329
Remote Office 3 21
IP Subnet Design Project.
2 | P a g e
Deliverables
There are a number of requirements for this project.
• The document should contain:
o Title page
o Table of Content page
o Executive summary
o Technical details (including any assumptions)
Details that address all issues described above
Completed IP addressing table (including summarized routes for
the Denver and Houston regions),
Updated network diagram
Supporting arguments
o Conclusion
o Reference page
Formatting and Length:
• The paper must be at least 1000 words in length. Word count does not include
words in diagrams, tables, large quotations from sources, or other attachments.
The length should not exceed 15 pages; recommended length is 8-9 double-
spaced pages.
• Use 1" margins. The font should be 12-point, Arial. Include page numbers in your
document, as well as your name and date somewhere in the document (e.g., on a
title page).
XMUMC Network Diagram
IP Subnet Design Project.
3 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
4 | P a g e
.
Iran:
Ayatollah
Theocracy
Twelver Shiism
Vilayat-e Faghih (jurist's guardianship)
Imam
Shari’a
Dual Society
Constitutional Revolution
White Revolution
Islamic Revolution
Iranian Revolutionary Guard (Pasdaran)
Rentier state
Resource curse
Maslahat
Green Movement
reformers vs. conservatives
Majmu’eh (Society of the Militant Clergy) vs. Jam’eh (Association of the Militant Clergy)
Iman Jum'ehs
Hojjat al-Islams
Powers and roles of Guardian Council, Supreme Leader, Majles, President, Expediency Council and Assembly of Religious Experts
1. Discuss the source of the legitimacy problem associated with “earthly” regimes in Shia Islam prior to Khomeini’s book, Vilayat-e Faghih. How does Khomeini’s revision of this allow for the establishment of a theocracy within this country?
2. Describe in detail how Iran combines theocracy with democracy in its governmental system. Assess the relative balance between these two forces.
3. What are some of the ways in which the oil industry has advanced or distorted development in Iran?
4. List the steps in the electoral process used to elect the Iranian president. What is considered to be the main obstacle to fair elections in Iran?
5. What are the powers and limitations of Iran’s parliament?
6. What are the most important political challenges that now face Iran?
Mexico:
Mestizo
Ejidos
maquiladoras
import substituting industrialization (ISI)
parastatal
clientelism
state capitalism
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
National Action Party (PAN)
Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)
NAFTA
el dedazo
sexenio
amparos
1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Corporatist state
Anticlericalism
Porfiriato
Accommodation
1. What is the PRI? Describe how it has traditionally dominated the Mexican political system. List the other main political parties and briefly discuss their general platforms and typical supporters.
2. Describe the process of el dedazo. Describe two reasons why this process is no longer utilized in Mexico.
3. Mexico’s political system was traditionally characterized as a “hyper-presidential” system. What formed the basis for this characterization? Is this characterization still true? (Make sure to support your argument here.)
4. Are state institutions like the military and the judiciary truly independent of the executive branch of government? In what ways have these institutions promoted or hindered the growth of democracy in recent years?
5. What are the power bases of the main political parties in Mexican politics? What factors made it possible for the PAN to unseat the long-dominant PRI in 2000? What accounts for the continuing viability of the PRI as a political force?
6. What challenges does the process of globalization pose to Mexican’s strong sense of national identity?
.
ipopulation monitoring in radiation emergencies a gui.docxmariuse18nolet
i
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
Developed by the
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
August 2007
PREDECiSioNal DRaft
this planning guide is provided as a predecisional draft. Please send your comments
and suggestions to the Radiation Studies Branch at CDC via e-mail ([email protected])
or mail them to:
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, NE (MS-E39)
atlanta, Ga 30333
Electronic copies of this document can be downloaded from
http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/population-monitoring-guide.pdf
population monitoring in radiation emergencies:
a guide for state and local public health planners
ii
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
acknowledgments
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) thanks the many individuals and
organizations that provided input to this document, including the office of the Secretary,
Department of Health and Human Services, and the Population Monitoring interagency Working
Group.
Representatives from the following agencies and organizations participated in the CDC
roundtable on population monitoring on January 11–12, 2005, and many provided comments on
initial drafts of this document:
American Red Cross (ARC)
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI)
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO)
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. (CRCPD)
Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)
Columbia University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Indian Health Services
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
New York City Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
State of Arkansas Department of Health
State of California Department of Public Health
State of Georgia Division of Public Health, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
State of Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
State of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory Department of Health
State of Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory
State of Washington Department of Health
Texas A&M University, Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of Alabama-Birmingham, School of Public Health
University of Georgia, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiology
iii
population monitoring in radiation emergen.
In Innovation as Usual How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas .docxmariuse18nolet
In Innovation as Usual: How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas to Life (2013), Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg discuss the importance of establishing systems within organizations that promote not only the creativity that results in innovation, but also make it possible for employees to bring innovative ideas to fruition. Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg argue that a leader’s primary job “is not to innovate; it is to become an innovation architect, creating a work environment that helps . . . people engage in the key innovation behaviors as part of their daily work” (p. 4). Such a work environment must be reinforced by innovation architecture—the structures within an organization that support an innovation, from the brainstorming phase to final realization. The more well developed the architecture and the simpler the processes involved, the more likely employees are to be innovators.
For this assignment, you will research the innovation architecture of at least three companies that are well-known for successfully supporting a culture of innovation. Write a 1,500-word paper that addresses the following:
1. What particular elements of each organization’s culture, processes, and management systems and styles work well to support innovation?
2. Why do you think these organizations have been able to capitalize on innovation and intrapreneurship while others have not?
3. Based on what you have learned, what processes and systems might actually stifle innovation and intrapreneurship?
4. Imagine yourself as an innovation architect. What structures or processes would you put in place to foster a culture of innovation within your own organization?
Include in-text citations to at least four reputable secondary sources (such as trade journals, academic journals, and professional or industry websites) in your paper.
.
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.comBloomberg Business – Blo.docxmariuse18nolet
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.com
Bloomberg Business – Bloomberg.com
Bonds Online – Bondsonline.com
CBOE – CBOE.com
Yahoo Finance – Finance.Yahoo.com
SEC GOV EDGAR – sec.gov/edgar
Barron’s – barrons.com
CNBC – cnbc.com/pro
Treasury Direct – treasurydirect.gov
Goldman Sachs – goldmansachs.com
YouTube – Portfolio Management
Motley Fool
Morning Star – Morningstar.com
FI360 – fi360.com
Value Line – valueline.com
Earnings Cast – earningcast.com
WEEK 1
CHAPTER 1
DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss each of the eight steps in the investment planning process. (p. 1)
2. Explain the importance of client assessment and capital markets assessment. (pp. 1-2)
3. Describe the three types of investments that can be included within a portfolio. (p. 2)
4. Discuss the importance of continuous monitoring of portfolios. (p. 3)
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe some of the debt instruments that may be included in a money market fund and the nature of these type instruments. (p. 5)
2. Explain how an investor might manage interest rate risk through the use of CDs. (p. 7, item #8)
3. Briefly discuss the nature of fees associated with the purchase of CDs as they relate to (a) banking institutions and (b) brokerage firms. (p. 9)
CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe why a risk adverse investor would be inclined to favor a direct issue of Treasury Department over a corporate issue of similar length to maturity. (pp. 13-14)
2. Discuss the tax ramifications of purchasing a T-bill on the open market prior to its maturity. (pp. 14-15)
3. Briefly discuss, if all government securities with like maturites have the same risk/reward characteristics, WHY an investor might be selective in the type of security he purchases? (p. 16)
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION:
1. Explain the rationale behind why an investor might choose NOT to sell bonds. (pp.20-21)
2. Discuss how interest income is usually received and the tax ramifications to an investor who receives such income in a taxable account. (pp. 21-22)
3. Briefly explain what the affect of interest rate movements are on the price of corporate bonds, especially as it relates to their term to maturity. (p. 24)
Chapter 5
CHAPTER DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss how a convertible security can offer a “floor” value below which an investor can protect his investment (pp. 27-28)
2. Explain why the rates offered by convertible securities are generally lower than those available on nonconvertible issues of similar quality (p. 29)
3. Tell how profits and losses on a preferred stock are treated (p. 29)
4. Discuss the major advantages of an investor who buys a “stock purchase warrant” and a nonconvertible bond (pp. 27-28)
CHAPTER 6
DISCUSSION:
1. Distinguish between the three types of municipal bonds presented in the introduction, and decide when investors might find these financial instruments to be a useful “tool” in their portfolios (p. 35)
2. Explain why a risk averse investor might prefer investing in a “general obligation’ bond, rather th.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth EditionChapter 8 Introdu.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 8: Introductions and Conclusions
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to reflect new chapter numbers
Introduction
The speaker’s first contact with the audience
Introductions are like first impressions:
Important
Lasting
elizabeth () - new slide
Introduction
Catch the audience’s attention
Reveal the topic to the audience
Establish credibility with the audience
Preview the speech for the audience
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
Ask a Question
Tell a story
Recite a quotation or a poem
Give a demonstration
Make an intriguing or startling statement
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
State importance of topic
Share expertise
State what’s to come
Tips for the Introduction
Look for introductory materials as you do your research
Prepare and practice the full introduction in detail
Be brief
Be creative
elizabeth () - modified to reflect subhead
Conclusions
The speaker’s final contact with the audience
The conclusion represents your last impression:
Lingers with your listeners long after your speech is over
elizabeth () - new slide
The Conclusion
Bring your speech to an end
Reinforce your thesis statement
Prepare a Compelling Conclusion
Summarize main points
Answer introductory question
Refer back to the introduction
Recite a quotation
Tips for the Conclusion
Look for concluding materials
Be creative
Be brief
Don’t leave the conclusion to chance
Speech Introduction and Conclusion
Watch Mike deliver a speech introduction and conclusion.
Discuss if and how Mike Piel met the objectives of a speech introduction and conclusion.
Ellen DeGeneres
Ellen Degeneres Commencement Speech
Listen to the first 2 minutes of Ellen DeGeneres and identify how she remains audience-centered
There is more to citing sources than merely the accurate transcription or recitation of someone’s words.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 7: Organizing and Outlining your Speech
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to correspond to new chapter numbers
Organize for Clarity
Organization: the systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole, makes speeches listenable
Main Points
Main points; the most important, comprehensive ideas you address in your speech.
elizabeth () - new slide
Main Points
Identify main points
Use an appropriate number of main points
Order main points
Ordering Main Points
Chronological – Good for when the idea about which you are speaking extend over a period of time.
Spatial – An arrangement of ideas by location or direction.
Causal – A pattern that describes cause-and-effect relationships between ideas and events.
Problem-
Solution
– Identifies first a problem, then a solution.
Topical – Allows you to divide your topic into sub-topics and even sub-sub-topics.
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Keep each main point separate and distinc.
Invitation to the Life SpanRead chapters 13 and 14.Objectives.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to the Life Span
Read chapters 13 and 14.
Objectives:
Describe psychosocial changes in adulthood.
Describe and analyze personality theories that apply to adulthood.
Analyze the physical and cognitive changes that occur during late adulthood.
Adulthood and Late Adulthood
Introduction
The last module began an examination of adulthood. This module will finish the study of adulthood and begin a look at late adulthood.
Psychosocial Development in Adulthood
Erikson's seventh stage of generativity vs. stagnation occurs during this stage. Being generative means truly caring about the next generation (e.g., being a parent, teacher, coach, or conservationist) (Boeree, 2006b). The idea of a mid-life crisis has been a popular notion since the 1970s (see Berger's description of Levinson's research on page 459), but very little evidence for it exists. Modern personality theorists have backed off the word crisis, which implies a do-or-die decision point, and instead have started using terms like marker events, turning points, or passages (Sheehy, 1976).
Abraham Maslow created another prominent theory of personality development (examine his five stages of the hierarchy of needs in Berger, 2010, Figure 13.1, p. 457). The lowest level, physiological needs, must be satisfied first, followed by the others in ascending order. Because people spend so much time satisfying the four lowest needs, very few reach the highest stage of self-actualization, where people live up to their potential; at one point, Maslow estimated the percentage of self-actualizers to be around 2% (Boeree, 2006a). Numerous longitudinal studies have shown evidence of considerable stability and continuity in personality across the adult years (see Berger's discussion of Costa and McCrae's research).
Robert Havighurst (cited in Newman & Newman, 2010) states that adults in their 20s and 30s must face four developmental tasks. Tasks 1 and 2, marriage and childbearing, are affected by societal expectations (called the social clock). The probability of divorce hits its peak 2 to 4 years after marriage. Qualities for a successful marriage include similarity in personal characteristics, trust, sensitivity, and adjustment (including a mutually satisfying sexual relationship, economic factors, sleep patterns, food patterns, and toilet habits) (Kimmel, cited in Newman & Newman, 2010). Task 3 involves work, and includes four components: having technical skills, handling authority relationships, coping with unique demands of the job, and establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. Task 4 involves establishing a lifestyle that is compatible for both spouses (as well as dealing with constraints placed on the marriage by the children) (Newman & Newman, 2010).
For adults in their 40s and 50s, Havighurst (cited in Newman and Newman, 2010) discusses three crucial developmental tasks. Task 1 involves managing a household, including the following sub-tasks: 1) decision-making (about fina.
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4Name _________________ Gr.docxmariuse18nolet
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4
Name: _________________ Grade: __________
Title: IOBOARD I/O Board Pushbuttons and LEDs
1. OBJECTIVESCreate an ARM project to control LEDs from the corresponding pushbutton inputs on the I/O Board.
1. DESCRIPTION
The eight pushbutton inputs on the I/O board will independently operate the corresponding eight LEDs on the I/O board.
III.PROCEDURE
1. Create a folder with the following path C:\DeVry\ECT274\Week2\W2LB.
2. Follow the steps in the Week 2 Lab A Tutorial to set up the VI for the I/O Board (steps 1-10 of the tutorial). Save the project as “FiLastNameLab2-B.lvproj” and the VI as “FiLastNameLab2-B.vi” to the folder created in step 1.
3. Switch to the block diagram. This lab will have no controls or indicators on the front panel.
4. Add a While loop. Right-click on the Loop Condition input, then select Create Constant.
5. Add the IOBOARD VI inside the While loop. From the block diagram, right-click in block diagram, then select “Select a VI...” andselect the ReadWriteIOBoard (SubVI).vi located in the C:\DeVry\IOBOARD folder. Expand the icon as shown in Figure 1.
6. Right-click on the Board Component input of the I/O BOARD icon and then CreateConstant.
7. Using the selector, change the constant to Pushbuttons.
8. Right-click on the Operation input of the I/O BOARD icon, then Create Constant.
9. Using the selector, change Write To Board to Read From Board.
10. Right-click on the Data to Board input of the I/O Board icon, then Create Constant. Leave the constant to 0. The pushbuttons can now be read from the I/O board. Data To Board, 0, is ignored. Data are expected from the board. Your VI should look similar to the figure 2 below.
Figure 2
11. The data that were read will now be sent to the LEDs on the I/O board.
12. Add another I/O BOARD Library VI to the While loop. Place it to the right of the first IOBOARD Library VI icon.
13. Using the second library icon, right-click on the Board Component input of the IOBOARD Board icon and then CreateConstant.
14. If the constant is not LEDs, Use the selector to change it to LEDs.
15. Right-click on the Operation input of the second IOBOARD icon and then Create Constant. The constant should be Write to Board.
16. Wire the output Data From Board of the first icon to the input Data To Board of the second icon. This will allow data to pass from the pushbuttons to the LEDs.
17. Add a half second wait to the While loop. The Wait (ms) function is located on the Time, Dialog… subpalette of the Programming palette. Create a constant of 500 for an input of 500 ms or one half second.
18. The final VI is shown in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3
19. Save the project.
20. Connect power to the ARM board. Run the VI. When a pushbutton on the I/O board is pressed, the corresponding LED should go on. Verify board operations.
21. Stop the program by pressing the Reset button on the ARM board.
22. Exit LabVIEW.
23. From the project folder, zip the files with the following name.
INVITATION TO Computer Science 1 1 Chapter 17 Making .docxmariuse18nolet
INVITATION TO
Computer Science 1 1
Chapter 17
Making Decisions about Computers,
Information, and Society
Objectives
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Use ethical reasoning to evaluate social issues
related to computing
• Describe the viewpoints of music users and music
publishers about the issue of music file sharing
• Apply utilitarian arguments to ethical issues
• Explain the social tradeoffs involved in lawful
intercept laws and their opposition
• Explain the purpose of a dialectic process
• Use analogies to evaluate ethical issues
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 2
Objectives (continued)
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Provide arguments that support and oppose
hackers who claim to be performing a social good
• Perform deontological analysis of the duties and
responsibilities of parties in an ethical issue
• Describe cyberbullying and why legal remedies are
difficult to apply
• Explain the potential downsides of sexting for those
engaged in it
• Explain why information online may not be private
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 3
Introduction
• Social and ethical issues related to information
technology are unavoidable
• Develop skills to reason about such issues
• Case studies introduce important ethical issues
– Describe arguments for and against certain positions
– Evaluate arguments in terms of ethics
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 4
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money
• MP3 standard for compressing sound developed in
1987
• Patented and worldwide by early 1990s
• Computer-based MP3 playback in 1997
• WinAmp application free on the Internet in 1998
• Users began transmitting and sharing MP3 music
• Napster file-sharing system developed, 1999
• Peer-to-peer file sharing:
– Software introduces users to each other
– Sharing happens directly between users
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 5
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 6
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Recording companies filed suit against Napster,
1999
• Lawsuit claimed Napster was a conspiracy to
encourage mass infringement of copyright
• Facts:
– Most shared music was copyrighted
– Many artists opposed sharing---no revenue for them
– Some artists supported sharing
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 7
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Napster claims:
– Napster was just a “common carrier”
– Napster reported song locations, was not involved in
actual sharing
– They were not responsible for users’ behaviors
– Swapping files this was should be “fair use” under
copyright law
• Napster lost the case and appeals, and closed in
2001
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 8
C.
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management AD 717 OLHomework E.docxmariuse18nolet
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management
AD 717 OL
Homework Exercise 7 - Derivatives
1) On June 21, 2011, the GE’s stock closed at $18.81 per share. The accompanying table lists the prices for GE’s exchange-traded options. Using this data, calculate the payoff and the profit for each of the following September expiration options, assuming that at the September expiration the value of the stock was $17.72.
a) Call option X = $17
b) Put option x = $17
c) Call option x = $19
d) Put option x = $19
e) Call option x = $15
f) Put option x = $21
2. It is mid July. You believe that Walmart stock which is currently priced at $53.00 will appreciate significantly over the next several months. A long-term equity call option (LEAPS) with an expiry in mid January and a strike price of $52.50 is available at a price of $2.50. You have $10,600 to invest. You consider 4 alternatives:
a) Use your entire amount of funds to buy the stock outright
b) Use the entire amount to purchase the stock on margin. Assume that the minimum margin requirement is 50% and that you will pay 7% (annually) on borrowed funds.
c) Use the entire amount of funds to buy LEAPS call options with the January expiry date.
d) Buy options for 200 shares and use the rest of the money to buy government bills paying 1% per year. (hence figure on 6 months of interest).
For simplicity ignore any brokerage charges Calculate the net gain or loss from each strategy as of mid January assuming that the price of stock is:
Gain / Loss from Investment in Walmart
Investment Strategy
Stock Price in Mid January
$45
$50
$55
$60
Stock Outright
Stock on Margin
All Options
Options & Bills
3) One of the financial instruments that attracted so much hostile fire in the analysis of the recent financial crisis were “Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations” (synthetic cdos) which used “synthetic debt” as its collateral. Describe how you could use a combination of risk free investments and derivatives to create the same pay-off / risk profile as if you were holding a corporate bond, say for IBM. Explain how the pay-off / risk profile is the same (a) if the company remains afloat and pays all of its debt obligations on time or (b) if the company defaults on its debt obligations.
4) A stock is currently priced at $50. The risk free interest rate is 10% per year. What is the value of a call option on the stock with a strike price of $45 due in one year?
a) Using the Binomial valuation approach, assume that at the end of one year the value of the stock could either have increased to $60 or decreased to $40.
b) Using the Black-Scholes model, assume that the annual volatility (standard deviation) of the stock price is 25%.
5) On June 29, 2010 the S&P 500 stood at 1308.44. The one year futures price on the index was 1278.7. The 1 year risk free rate was 0.238%. Using the Spot-Futures Parity relationship, calculate the annualized expected.
Investment BAFI 1042 Kevin Dorr 3195598 GOODMAN .docxmariuse18nolet
Investment BAFI 1042
Kevin Dorr 3195598
GOODMAN FIELDER LIMITED (GFF)
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
1
GOODMAN FIELDER
LIMITED
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
Scope
• The report looks at all publicly available data about the company via
the annual reports and publications
• An analyses of the company’s weakness and strength has been
conducted with detailed look at the fundamentals impacting the company
• The report outlines the ratios in relation to probability, return on
equity, using several modelling techniques
• There are charts and information used form the cash flow statement,
balance sheet and historical data sourced from the ASX
• The analysis of the company is compared to its competitors, industry,
sector and market it operates in.
• The report looks at stock price movement and all assumptions are
made available and are explained.
• Expert opinion and copyrighted material is used in the report and has
been appropriately
referenced.
REPORT
OUTLINE
This report attempt to
provide an analytical
evaluation of
Goodman fielder,
every attempt has
been made to make all
data accessible and
complete. This report
contains financial data,
historical analysis,
forecasts and
estimates based on
best available and
most up to date
information. The aim is
for the reader to be
able to make an
informed decision
about the fair value of
GFF stock and
compare it to GFF
peers in the industry. It
should give reader the
ability to form an
opinion on Goodman
fielder as an
investment based on
financial information
analytics.
2
Executive summary
Goodman fielder is one of the largest producers of food in Australia and it supplies product in many categories,
however it is first or second in every food category it participates in. It owns brands such as such as Nature's
Fresh, Helga's, Praise, Wonder White, Quality Bakers, White Wings, and Meadow Lea with offerings in consumer
brands such as Fresh milk, Meadow White Wings cake mixes, Praise salad dressings, and Leaning Tower frozen
pizza (Yahoo Finance 2012). It reaches over 30000 outlets in and around Australia. There are several major
shareholders of the company such as J. P. Morgan Nominees Australia Limited which owns 19%, HSBC Custody
Nominees (Australia) Limited that owns 17% and National Nominees Limited the owners of 22% of the
company(ASX 2012.)
On 19 August 2011 Goodman Fielder announced a net loss of $166.7 million for the year ended 30 June 2011,
this was attributable to a non-cash impairment charge of $300 million. Revenues from ordinary activities were
$2.56 billion, which is down 3.9% from the year before The New CEO of Goodman Fielder Limited Chris Delaney
is going to implement a strategic review which is focused on improving the performance of the company. There
are significant opportunities to increase efficiency, improve supply chain structure and inno.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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Internet Interventions In Review, In Use, and Into the Future.docx
1. Internet Interventions: In Review, In Use, and Into the Future
Lee M. Ritterband, Linda A. Gonder-Frederick, Daniel J. Cox,
Allan D. Clifton,
Rebecca W. West, and Stephen M. Borowitz
University of Virginia Health System
The provision of health care over the Internet is a rapidly
evolving and potentially beneficial means of
delivering treatment otherwise unsought or unobtainable.
Internet interventions are typically behavioral
treatments operationalized and transformed for Web delivery
with the goal of symptom improvement.
The literature on the feasibility and utility of Internet
interventions is limited, and there are even fewer
outcome study findings. This article reviews empirically tested
Internet interventions and provides an
overview of the issues in developing and/or using them in
clinical practice. Future directions and
implications are also addressed. Although Internet interventions
will not likely replace face-to-face care,
there is little doubt that they will grow in importance as a
powerful component of successful psychobe-
havioral treatment.
With the advancement of computer technologies over the
past 20 years, a flood of new ways to communicate, provide,
and
deliver psychological treatments has emerged. The Internet has
the
ability to reach people all over the world and provide highly
2. specialized psychological interventions otherwise not sought or
obtainable. There is a new but growing literature on the use of
the
Internet as a means of delivering treatment. These Internet
treat-
ments are typically focused on behavioral issues, with the goal
of
instituting behavior change and subsequent symptom improve-
ment. They are usually self-paced, interactive, and tailored to
the
user, and they make use of the multimedia format offered by the
Internet. Individuals with computer and Internet access who use
these treatments may also overcome many of the barriers to
obtaining traditional care because they can seek such treatments
at
any time, any place, and often at significantly reduced cost.
Clearly, people are using computers and the Internet in greater
frequency and with the specific purpose of obtaining mental
health
information (see Crutsinger, 2000; Employment Policy Founda-
tion, 2001; Pew Research Center, 2002; Rabasca, 2000). This
new
field of Internet interventions is only going to grow and expand.
The benefits are vast, as there is the potential for greater
numbers
of people to receive more services than ever before. However,
to
meet this potential, Internet interventions, like any other
treatment,
must first demonstrate feasibility and efficacy through rigorous
scientific testing. In this article we present a critical
examination of
the current state of the available literature focused on the devel-
opment and testing of these types of interventions. In addition,
3. issues that should be addressed when constructing Internet
inter-
ventions are enumerated, followed by a discussion of possible
future directions and implications for research and clinical
practice.
Internet Education and Interventions
Researchers are beginning to apply the Web as a way to have an
impact on patient behaviors by reducing negative physical and
LEE M. RITTERBAND received his PhD in clinical psychology
and doctoral
minor in computer science from the University of South Florida
in 1998.
He is an assistant professor at the Center for Behavioral
Medicine Research
at the University of Virginia Health System in Charlottesville,
VA. His
research interests focus on the development of Internet
treatment interven-
tions for various health psychology issues.
LINDA A. GONDER-FREDERICK received her PhD in health
psychology from
the University of Virginia in 1985 and her PhD in clinical
psychology
from the University of Virginia in 1994. She is an associate
professor in
the Department of Psychiatric Medicine at the University of
Virginia
and clinical director of the Behavioral Medicine Center. Her
research
interests include behavioral and psychological aspects of Type 1
diabetes
in adults and children, including the development of
psychobehavioral
4. interventions.
DANIEL J. COX received his PhD in clinical psychology from
the University
of Louisville in 1977. He holds a diplomat in clinical
psychology and is a
professor in the Departments of Psychiatric Medicine and
Internal Medi-
cine at the University of Virginia. He is also the director of the
Center for
Behavioral Medicine Research. His primary areas of research
involve
behavioral medicine aspects of Type 1 diabetes, pediatric
encopresis, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
ALLAN D. CLIFTON received his MA in clinical psychology in
1999 from
the University of Virginia, where he is currently a doctoral
candidate. He
will be attending clinical internship at Western Psychiatric
Institute and
Clinic in Pittsburgh, PA. His research interests focus on
interpersonal
aspects of adaptive and maladaptive personality traits.
REBECCA W. WEST received her JD from the University of
Richmond
School of Law in 1983. She is the executive director of the
Piedmont
Liability Trust as well as an assistant professor of general
medicine at the
University of Virginia School of Medicine, where she lectures
on law and
medicine. She has lectured and published often on legal issues
in medicine.
STEPHEN M. BOROWITZ received his MD from Rush Medical
College in
5. Chicago in 1980. He is a professor of pediatrics and health
evaluation
sciences as well as the assistant chief information officer at the
University
of Virginia Health System. His research interests focus on
childhood
constipation and encopresis and the use of information
technology in the
delivery of health care and health education.
CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THIS ARTICLE should
be addressed to Lee M.
Ritterband, University of Virginia Health System, Department
of Psychi-
atric Medicine, Center for Behavioral Medicine Research, P.O.
Box
800223, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908. E-mail:
[email protected]
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Copyright 2003
by the American Psychological Association, Inc.
2003, Vol. 34, No. 5, 527–534 0735-7028/03/$12.00 DOI:
10.1037/0735-7028.34.5.527
527
psychological symptoms. Patient health-related information
Web
sites, Web-based treatment interventions (WBTIs), and hybrid
treatment interventions (HTIs) have all been created for this
pur-
pose. People are using the information they find on the Internet
to
become better informed (Pew Research Center, 2002), although
the link between such improved knowledge/awareness and
actual
6. behavioral change has not been demonstrated. Nonetheless,
most
of the available studies examining online interventions have
shown
that this treatment approach is, at the very least, feasible.
Health-Related Information Web Sites for Patients
Over 100,000 static health information Web sites have been
constructed that deliver basic information on various problems
and
disorders (Kolata, 2000). Huge amounts of money have been
invested into some of the more well-known and widely used
patient information sites (e.g., WebMD.com, drkoop.com,
Mayohealth.org, FDA.gov, and NIH.gov). A large number of
people report that information from the Web has affected their
health-care-related decisions (Pew Research Center, 2002). The
provision of health-related information has the potential to
change
the health care market by making consumers more
knowledgeable.
Although major investments have been made to provide health
information on the Internet, little research has been conducted
as to
the efficacy of health-related information on the Web. Since
1995,
the Children’s Medical Center at the University of Virginia has
maintained a series of Web-based patient education information
sites about common pediatric problems directed at parents and
children (Borowitz & Borowitz, 2000; Borowitz & Ritterband,
2001). Between January 1, 1998, and April 30, 2000, these tuto-
rials received more than 650,000 successful page requests from
more than 100,000 distinct hosts, and over 4,000 completed
feed-
back forms were received. More than 90% of respondents found
7. that the information helped them understand why children
develop
some of their health problems and felt that the information
helped
them care for a child suffering from a particular health problem.
More than 85% of respondents rated this as a “very good” way
to
teach people about health problems.
These results further support the fact that many people are
searching the Internet for information about common health-
related problems. In addition, information sites can provide
parents
and families with useful and accurate information and help
address
questions and concerns. However, although these patient
education/health-related Web sites can be very helpful, the ulti-
mate achievement is to deliver comprehensive, personalized, en-
gaging, and empirically validated treatments that could be
quickly
and easily distributed over the Internet.
Web-Based Treatment Interventions (WBTIs)
Although WBTIs are a few years away from being a truly
comprehensive treatment option, mainly due to issues of band-
width, a thorough literature search revealed that some
researchers
are beginning to test the feasibility and effectiveness of
delivering
this form of treatment intervention over the Internet. Identified
studies for inclusion in this review are empirically tested, ran-
domly assigned Internet interventions in which a treatment had
been developed and operationalized specifically for Web
delivery.
8. Tested Internet interventions (see Table 1) include those for
smok-
ing cessation (Schneider, Walter, & O’Donnell, 1990), weight
loss
(Tate, Wing, & Winett, 2001; Winett et al., 1999), headaches
(Ström, Pettersson, & Andersson, 2000), body image (Celio et
al.,
2000; Winzelberg et al., 2000), posttraumatic stress and
patholog-
ical grief (Lange, van de Ven, Schrieken, & Emmelkamp, 2001),
physical activity (McKay, King, Eakin, Seeley, & Glasgow,
2001),
panic disorder (Klein & Richards, 2001), tinnitus (Andersson,
Strömgren, Ström, & Lyttkens, 2002), diabetes management
(McKay, Glasgow, Feil, Boles, & Barrera, 2002), and pediatric
encopresis (Ritterband et al., 2003). These studies all focus on
behavioral medicine/health psychology issues, which seem to be
more adaptable to Internet interventions (Childress & Asamen,
1998) because of the availability of highly structured treatment
approaches to many problems.
Generally, these studies provide support for the notion that
Internet interventions can be feasible and effective. These
studies
also demonstrate that some behaviorally related psychological
treatments can be operationalized, transformed, and transported
to
the user via the Internet. To test efficacy, most of these studies
used some form of a nontreatment control group rather than a
face-to-face treatment group for the identified disorder. This de-
cision makes sense given that the first step in verifying the
appli-
cability of this form of intervention is to make sure that it
works
rather than to hold it up to the “gold standard” of face-to-face
treatments. Subsequent generations of clinical trials will need to
9. incorporate face-to-face treatment interventions as one of the
ex-
perimental conditions. However, it should not be necessary for
Internet interventions to prove more effective than face-to-face
treatments but rather to provide close to equivalent benefits and
outcome results. As the many advantages of Internet
interventions,
especially accessibility, become increasingly clear, people who
might not otherwise have obtained treatment may do so. These
and
future studies in this area are not meant to imply that face-to-
face
treatment should be replaced; rather, they are meant to provide
an
alternative or adjunctive component to already well-established
and highly effective interventions.
Web-based treatment interventions offer an opportunity for psy-
chologists to provide specific behavioral treatments, tailored to
individuals who prefer or need to seek help from their own
homes.
The technology is now available and will be more readily acces-
sible with high-speed bandwidth, which should be widely acces-
sible in the near future. Although the current sparse literature
examining this area may have limitations, these studies
represent
the pioneering efforts to develop what will likely become a
major
force in the delivery of psychological treatments. However,
many
of these interventions do not take advantage of the full
capabilities
of the Internet. Currently, Internet interventions tend to be
limited
in their graphical elements and other potentially engaging
factors
10. (i.e., audio, animation, interactivity) and can certainly be
improved
with new development software for Web applications. There is a
significant need for more diverse and comprehensive interven-
tions, but the time and effort to operationalize an intervention is
considerable. Although these new interventions are developed,
current applications must overcome the difficulties of delivering
their often large-file-sized programs over phone lines. A
compro-
mise that has been created is a hybrid approach.
528 RITTERBAND ET AL.
Table 1
Empirically Tested Internet Interventions
Study
Target behaviors/
symptoms Subjects (N) Designa Results
Schneider, Walter, &
O’Donnell, 1990
Smoking cessation 1,158 adults Internet intervention with
smoking
diaries vs. outline of behavioral
strategies.
Trends of greater cessation at 1, 3, and 6
months for Internet group.
Winett et al., 1999 Improve teenage
girls’ health
11. behaviors
180 high
school
females
Semester of Internet intervention
focusing on weight loss, healthy
eating, and health behaviors vs.
standard high school health class
with similar content.
Internet group had significant improvements
in many health-related behaviors.
Celio et al., 2000 Body image
satisfaction and
eating attitudes
76 women Psychoeducational Internet program vs.
same content delivered in a class vs.
wait-list control.
Internet group had fewer weight and shape
concerns and better eating attitudes at
posttreatment. Risk factors for eating
disorders reduced at 4-month follow-up.
Ström, Pettersson, &
Andersson, 2000
Headaches 45 adults Internet intervention focused on applied
relaxation and problem-solving
techniques vs. wait-list control.
After 6-week program, Internet intervention
12. group experienced significantly fewer and
less severe headaches.
Winzelberg et al.,
2000
Body image
satisfaction
60 women Psychoeducational Internet program vs.
control condition.
After 8-week program and at 3-month
follow-up, Internet group had greater
satisfaction with their body and less desire
for “thinness.”
Klein & Richards,
2001
Panic 22 adults Internet intervention containing
psychoeducational components and
techniques to reduce panic vs. self-
monitoring control group.
Internet subjects had reduced panic-related
symptoms.
Lange, van de Ven,
Schrieken, &
Emmelkamp, 2001
Posttraumatic stress
and pathological
grief
13. 25 college
students
Internet intervention utilizing 5 weeks
of writing assignments vs. wait-list
control.
80% of experimental group demonstrated
clinically significant improvement in
symptoms of trauma and general
psychopathology posttreatment.
McKay, King, Eakin,
Seeley, &
Glasgow, 2001
Physical activity 78 patients
with
Type 2
diabetes
Internet physical activity intervention
vs. information-only control.
Both groups increased activity levels, but no
significant differences between groups.
Those in Internet group who more often
used program did significantly better.
Tate, Wing, &
Winett, 2001
Weight loss 91 adults Behavior weight loss Internet program
with e-mail consultation vs.
education about weight loss and
access to information-based Web
14. sites.
Internet behavior therapy led to significantly
more weight loss at 3 and 6 months.
Andersson,
Strömgren, Ström,
& Lyttkens, 2002
Tinnitus 117 adults Internet cognitive–behavioral
intervention for tinnitus vs. wait-list
control.
After 6-week program, Internet group
experienced significantly greater
improvements in several measures of
anxiety, depression, and other tinnitus-
related distress vs. controls.
McKay, Glasgow,
Feil, Boles, &
Barrera, 2002
Diabetes self-
management
133 patients
with
Type 2
diabetes
Internet-based diabetes support program
on diet, mental health, and
physiologic outcomes vs.
information-only control.
15. Both groups improved, but no significant
differences between groups.
Ritterband et al.,
2003
Pediatric encopresis 24 children Psychoeducational and
interactive
behavioral Internet intervention vs.
no intervention.
Significant improvements for children in
Internet condition on no. of accidents, no.
of bowel movements in the toilet/week,
and increased trips to the bathroom
without a parental prompt.
a All studies used random assignment as part of their design.
529INTERNET INTERVENTIONS
Hybrid Treatment Interventions (HTIs)
HTIs address the problem of limited bandwidth by providing
highly engaging interventions without losing the critical
Internet
connection. All the large files are stored either on a CD-ROM
or
a hard disk drive. The computer still connects to the Internet to
transfer small bits of information back and forth from the
utilized
server. In this way, all the benefits of the Web can still be
maintained, including the ability to update information,
exchange
16. information, collect data, monitor user activity in real time, pro-
vide feedback, and prompt behavior change, without losing the
ability to have large data files, such as extensive graphic and
audio
files. The disadvantage is that the large files must be furnished
to
the user in order to receive the intervention. This typically
means
providing a CD-ROM to the user through regular mail or in
person.
An example of an HTI is the “U-CAN-POOP-TOO” Web site
developed by our research group at the University of Virginia
and
supported by the National Institutes of Health. The goal in
design-
ing this program was to deliver a child-focused, entertaining,
and
engaging site that would provide all the necessary behavioral
and
medical components of Enhanced Toilet Training (Cox,
Borowitz,
Kovatchev, & Ling, 1998) to successfully treat pediatric
encopre-
sis. This HTI encompasses hundreds of pages of content, with
numerous illustrations, interactive components, animated
tutorials,
and reinforcing quizzes.
In order to validate this intervention, we placed a computer in
the homes of half the subjects and provided Internet access to
the
Web site. The large graphic and animation files were put on the
hard drive in order to reduce long wait times when progressing
through the program. All subjects continued to receive care
from
17. their primary care physician. Children who received the Web
intervention in addition to care by their primary care physician
decreased their accidents by 93%, increased their number of
bowel
movements (BMs) in the toilet each week by 152%, and
increased
their trips to the bathroom without a parental prompt by 109%.
The
control children decreased their accidents by 31%, but they also
decreased their number of BMs in the toilet each week by 16%
and
their trips to the bathroom without a parental prompt by 37%
(Ritterband et al., 2003). These results are equivalent to those
found in tests of a face-to-face behavioral intervention for
pediatric
encopresis (Cox et al., 1998).
This hybrid example allowed for the assessment of (a) the
feasibility of this type of treatment intervention, (b) the
usability/
acceptability of such a system to patients, and (c) the
effectiveness
of such a system for delivering the necessary information,
promot-
ing behavior change, and ameliorating symptoms. Further
studies
of this kind are necessary to establish the validity of this type of
intervention. Eventually, as more high-speed connections
become
available, the HTI model can be discarded, and the WBTI model
will be the standard.
Developing and Using Internet Interventions
Developing Internet interventions is an arduous, sometimes
tedious, and always time-intensive process. It necessitates an
18. in-
terdisciplinary approach, requiring a team of diverse
professionals,
including clinicians and other health care providers to provide
content; computer and Web programmers to build essential
appli-
cations; Web designers to create the Web structure; Web
graphic
artists to create still and animated images; database developers
to
integrate a mechanism to store and retrieve data; health
informatics
evaluators to evaluate user interface issues and outcomes; and
behaviorists to incorporate behavior change concepts into the
system. Other potential members of the team may include busi-
ness/financial advisors to ensure proper marketing,
management,
and sales; videographers to create video; audio engineers to
inte-
grate Web audio; psychometricians to certify appropriate scale
integration; tech support personnel to provide user support;
cost-
analysis specialists to determine savings; linguists/translators to
provide readability testing and translation; disability experts to
oversee usability issues; and health educators to make certain
the
content is structured in such a way that the majority of users
will
find it helpful.
Obviously, only a small number of psychologists would be
likely to want or to have the resources to be able to create an
Internet intervention. However, many clinicians may want to
uti-
lize this form of treatment within their own clinical practice.
19. The
most plausible reason for this is to supplement skills that could
be
addressed with an adjunctive Internet intervention. For example,
a
clinician who feels comfortable treating depression and anxiety
may not have the training to implement the behavioral
components
for treating insomnia, which commonly co-occurs with these
dis-
orders. An Internet intervention for insomnia with demonstrated
effectiveness could very easily be used as a component of face-
to-face treatment, allowing the clinician to target this specific
issue.
A brief summary of the steps involved in developing Internet
interventions may be helpful in conveying the underlying
process
of this type of approach. It may also instill an appreciation for
the
efforts that go into creating these programs. Also, a greater
under-
standing of these systems will help clinicians recognize how to
best integrate them into their own practice.
A number of factors must be considered when creating an
Internet intervention (see Figure 1). First, the disorder must be
identified and the treatment should be translatable (Step 1).
This
means that the intervention is structured such that it can be
deliv-
ered using the Internet. Typically, the treatment is highly struc-
tured and can be at least semi-self-guided. It is also important
to
determine the effectiveness of the intervention to be
transformed
20. (Step 2). An effective face-to-face intervention is the gold
standard
by which an Internet intervention will ultimately be compared.
Once the treatment is identified and determined to be effective,
it
must be operationalized completely (Step 3). To operationalize
a
treatment, one must identify all critical aspects of the
intervention,
including specific treatment techniques and procedures.
There are numerous legal and ethical issues that must be con-
sidered when developing an Internet intervention (Step 4).
These
include issues of privacy, confidentiality, data validity,
potential
misuse of Internet interventions by professionals, equality of
In-
ternet access, and credentialing issues (see Humphreys, Winzel-
berg, & Klaw, 2000; Jerome et al., 2000; Koocher & Morray,
2000; Sampson, Kolodinsky, & Greeno, 1997; Winker et al.,
2000;
Winzelberg et al., 2000). Examining these issues in depth is
beyond the scope of this article, but each issue should be
carefully
considered before creating and/or utilizing an Internet
intervention
in a clinical practice. Many of these same ethical and legal
issues
need to be considered when incorporating an Internet
intervention
as an adjunctive component of treatment.
530 RITTERBAND ET AL.
21. The multimedia aspect of the Internet should be used in creating
the intervention (Step 5). Without using Internet components
such
as audio, graphics, animation, and video, the intervention is
little
more than a self-help book that can be read online. These
elements
help make the intervention engaging and should increase
motiva-
tion to use and complete the treatment program. Interactivity is
another key component that will likely enrich the intervention
and
keep users connected. Personalization allows the user to receive
more individually tailored content, helping to focus the
interven-
tion specifically to the user (Step 6). Personalization may be as
simple as using the name of the user when presenting certain
content or as sophisticated as the system identifying specific
treatment areas the individual user may need to address. It is
critical that users receive some feedback regarding their
progress
within the treatment (Step 7). These feedback loops may allow
users to track specific elements of the treatment and may even
provide information to be used with their clinician if the system
is
an adjunctive component of treatment.
Several technical issues must also be addressed when construct-
ing the Internet program (Step 8). It needs to be determined
whether a fully Web-based or hybrid treatment intervention
would
be most appropriate. All issues of Internet delivery, including
type
of browser or self-contained application, type of database, and
programming languages to use, must be resolved. Also, issues
22. of
cross-platform compatibility (e.g., making sure the program will
work on a PC and a Macintosh), as well as hardware issues
(providing minimum requirements, such as amount of machine
memory and hard drive space needed) and software issues (iden-
tifying necessary browser, plug-ins, and software
incompatibility
issues), should be considered. Most of these issues are usually
decided on the basis of the needs of the target audience.
Finally, once the program is developed, testing of the applica-
tion must be conducted (Step 9). There are several steps to
testing
the Internet intervention. Early tests may include focus groups,
in
which individuals are invited to view the program and provide
feedback regarding its use. The intervention will also need to be
pilot tested with a small group of patients in order to determine
issues of feasibility, usability, and possibly early
determinations of
efficacy. Finally, a large clinical trial will need to be conducted
in
order to demonstrate effectiveness. Revisions will likely need to
be
incorporated into the program on the basis of users’ feedback,
so
a loop between Step 9 and Step 8 will occur.
Future Directions and Implications
Computers and the Internet have become important tools used in
the field of psychology (for other reviews, see Barak, 1999;
Laszlo, Esterman, & Zabko, 1999; Smith & Senior, 2001;
Stamm,
1998). However, many clinical and research issues need to be
23. addressed to further solidify as well as broaden their place in
the
discipline.
Clinical Directions
It is likely that there are many other Internet interventions
currently in various stages of development and evaluation.
Some
are computer treatments that are in the process of being trans-
formed to Internet interventions, including computer-based
health
information and support systems for patients with life-
threatening
illnesses (such as for patients who are HIV positive and for
those
with breast cancer; Gustafson et al., 1999, 2001), phobias (Ken-
wright, Liness, & Marks, 2001), fears of public speaking
(Botella
et al., 2000), and marital therapy (Jerome et al., 2000).
Additional
treatments need to be developed and examined for their efficacy
in
order to establish Internet interventions as a viable treatment
alternative and to support generalizability. Some issues, such as
Figure 1. Development of Internet interventions.
531INTERNET INTERVENTIONS
sexual dysfunctions, may be particularly suited to an Internet
intervention, because many people may be uncomfortable
seeking
face-to-face help for such concerns. Internet interventions for
24. other
issues, such as insomnia, may provide help to those who do not
believe their problem warrants a doctor’s visit but who would
follow a treatment plan on their own.
Internet interventions can help reduce many of the traditional
barriers inherent in the current mental health care deliverance
model, including unavailability of skilled professionals, long
lag
time for dissemination of information, length of treatment, costs
and inconvenience of treatment, and unwillingness to seek treat-
ment. With the use of the Internet, professionals or patients can
gather information whenever they wish, and the treatments can
be
presented in great detail through the use of the written word as
well
as through such visuals as pictures, movies, and animated
graphics
to enhance the understanding of a disorder. Patients are likely to
feel empowered by being able to digest the information at their
own pace and to better use it to enhance treatment efficacy.
Also,
the cost of obtaining access to this information, already
minimal,
continues to decline every day. Finally, this mode of treatment
deliverance may be much more appealing to some patients, in-
creasing their willingness to participate and follow the
recommendations.
Even though Internet interventions may help overcome many
barriers to mental health care treatment, some critical issues
still
need to be addressed and resolved, including problems of self-
assessment and diagnosis, dissemination of information and
treat-
ments, establishment of a financial model, and compliance.
25. There
are potential significant negative consequences to individuals
as-
sessing and diagnosing themselves, including misdiagnosis and
improper treatment selection.
Internet interventions are not meant to replace face-to-face
treat-
ment but rather to provide an alternative for individuals who
might
otherwise choose not to receive treatment (e.g., because of
embar-
rassment) or who might be unable to obtain treatment (e.g., be-
cause of location) or to find appropriate treatment (e.g., because
no
provider is available). However, it is difficult to disseminate in-
formation about these interventions and make individuals aware
of
them. New ways of broadcasting this type of treatment are
needed
so that people may know and take advantage of them.
A financial model must be established so that individuals can
purchase treatments, insurance companies pay for treatments,
and
providers charge for development and usage of treatments.
With-
out some financial framework, these interventions will not
survive
regardless of how effective they are found to be. However,
before
individuals should be charged for these services, research must
be
conducted to prove their effectiveness.
Compliance is a problem for traditional approaches and for
26. Internet interventions. Although people reported enjoying the
“U-
CAN-POOP-TOO” program, it was still difficult to maintain
com-
pliance. Subjects were instructed to access the program at least
once a week; however, some subjects needed numerous phone
calls to remind and encourage them to return to the site and
complete the program. In the body image studies conducted at
Stanford University (Winzelberg et al., 2000), subjects typically
completed less than two thirds of the program, and compliance
progressively declined each week of the intervention.
Suggestions
have been made for improving compliance, including stressing
the
importance of following through with treatment
recommendations
at the beginning of the program, utilizing various “motivational
components” built into the program, and providing
reinforcement
for cooperation and program completion.
Research Directions
It is vital that methodologically sound clinical studies be con-
ducted to ensure the efficacy of Internet interventions. A few
early
studies show promising outcomes; however, although it appears
that the feasibility of this form of treatment approach is
possible,
the development of additional Internet treatments and adequate
clinical trials are necessary to establish Internet interventions as
a
viable treatment option.
Many of the areas identified in the Clinical Directions section
27. of
this article need to be examined by means of scientific
measures.
Issues of assessment and diagnosis, cost-effectiveness, and
com-
pliance all need to be explored. Compliance, in particular, is an
area in which Internet interventions may make a significant dif-
ference. Patient compliance is said to increase when patients’
satisfaction with the communication of the health-related
informa-
tion increases (Ley, 1982). Research is necessary to determine
whether computer and Internet components, such as audio,
video,
graphics/animation, and interaction, will improve compliance. It
may be that through the use of Internet interventions, treatment
programs can be made to be more engaging, thus increasing an
individual’s motivation to continue working. Internet
interventions
and other computer treatments can include personalized and per-
tinent information, quizzes, case reports, and games to make the
programs more enticing, but the impact of all of these needs to
be
assessed. Internet treatment programs can also utilize the power
of
e-mail (e.g., individuals could be sent an e-mail with a
hyperlinked
Web address to access the Web program more easily). This may
also serve as a behavioral prompt that might improve
compliance.
However, it is also possible that compliance may be even more
problematic with computer/Internet treatment programs because
of
limited supervision, but no research as of yet has focused on
this
important question.
28. There is also a need for more basic research examining compo-
nents of the Internet and, specifically, the Web and its ability to
elicit behavioral changes. Some researchers have questioned
whether changing various elements within a computer program,
such as adding color, sound, and video, would improve or
hinder
outcome (Sproull, Subramani, Kiesler, & Walker, 1996). Similar
inquiries need to be addressed with respect to the Web. These
basic
research questions will help shape a model or framework for
developing WBTIs. Although it might be tempting to use
business
models already developed for creating engaging and “sticky”
Web
sites (i.e., those Web sites that keep users at the site and draw
them
back for future visits), it is important to note that these models
do
not address the most critical component of Internet
interventions:
behavior change. A theoretical model for this type of approach
is
necessary so that additional Internet interventions can be
developed.
Future Possibilities
In addition to the developments already presented, the future
promises even greater technologies and applications for
psychol-
ogy. Web-based treatment interventions, as well as enhanced
532 RITTERBAND ET AL.
29. videoconferencing and other bandwidth-intensive approaches,
will
likely flourish as increased and improved Internet access
becomes
more prevalent. Wireless technology is also rapidly improving,
and consumer products with wireless capabilities are becoming
more available. Some users already have cellular phones and
hand-held computers with wireless Internet access. These
products
will become even more widely available and easier to use over
the
coming years. These wireless products will allow individuals to
track and share information with their health care professions in
real time, ease data input, reduce data-entry errors, and, we
hope,
improve compliance.
In addition to wireless technologies, older technologies such as
the telephone will be better able to interface with some of the
newer technologies, including the Internet (see Ritterband et al.,
2001). For example, Internet applications can be created to call
patients on a regular basis to track progress and symptom relief
and prompt for recommended behaviors. This information can
be
stored on a Web server database that can be accessed by the
individual and the health care professional. Patient care and pa-
tients’ perceptions of care will likely improve with this type of
technology.
Gaming consoles and future personal digital assistants already
have Internet capabilities, and treatment-based software could
be
created for use on these platforms. Children may be more inter-
ested in receiving treatments if they are presented in an
engaging
and entertaining way. Hand-held computers can be carried any-
30. where, which could improve the collection of symptom informa-
tion and provide reminders of treatment components to improve
compliance. This information could be wirelessly transmitted to
the user’s health care professional, who could help expedite
treat-
ment goals.
Implications
It is unlikely that Internet interventions will replace face-to-
face
psychotherapy; however, this technology may be helpful in the
treatment of some psychological problems that might otherwise
go
untreated. It is also possible that such interventions may
enhance
traditional therapy as an adjunctive component. These new
possi-
bilities usher in a whole new platform from which mental
health,
and health care in general, can be conducted. Clinicians will
have
to be trained to understand, create, and use these forms of treat-
ment. In time, advances in technology will escalate and push
health care to use its power to improve care to the benefit of all.
The following are some of the implications of the issues and the
research presented in this article:
1. Additional clinical treatment interventions need to be opera-
tionalized and transformed into Internet interventions for
greater
patient consumption.
2. These interventions must be empirically validated through
well-designed clinical research studies.
31. 3. Studies of all components of Internet interventions are nec-
essary to establish and improve feasibility, usability, and
efficacy.
4. Psychologists need to accept that technology is changing the
world. This means that multidisciplinary teams will likely
include
a rather unusual set of people to provide new treatment
interventions.
5. New definitions of treatment must be created that embrace
the use of new technologies and encompass the use of the
Internet
in their deliverance.
6. Costs to create and test Internet interventions are significant
and should not be underestimated when considering the
develop-
ment of a new program.
7. Psychologists need to understand and accept that there are
numerous ethical and legal issues relevant to providing new
ways
to deliver health care and that it takes time before these issues
can
be appropriately managed.
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Received June 11, 2002
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534 RITTERBAND ET AL.