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Internet and its applications
The document provides an overview of the internet and its applications, detailing its history, the World Wide Web, web browsers, and their features. It emphasizes the role of the internet in education, enabling flexible learning and access to vast resources for both students and teachers. Additionally, it outlines the parts of an internet address and offers guidelines for effective research and evaluating online information reliability.
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Internet and its applications
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- 2. Unit VI Internet andits Applications Introduction – History of the Internet – Understanding WWW – Web Browsers – Favourites and Bookmarks – Kinds of Information available – Parts of Internet – Searching the net, Researching on the net
- 3. • Internet isa system connecting computers around the world using TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a set of standards for transmitting and receiving digital data.
- 4. • The Internetconsists primarily of the collection of billions of interconnected web pages that are transferred using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and is collectively known as the World Wide Web. The Internet also uses FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to transfer files, and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to transfer e-mail.
- 5. • Whenever youwant to surf a particular site you need to type at the URL bar beginning with. http://www, i.e. http://www.apdip.net where http://www.are standard rules and remaining part is a specific desired type of information. • For Example • http://www.apdip.net/publications/ies pprimers/eprimer-edu.pdf
- 6. • The Internetthus is the interconnected network of the web pages which could be surfed through different search engines like, Google, Yahoo, Hotmail etc. They are called Search Engines.
- 7. Historical Background ofthe INTERNET • The US department of Defence developed the first version of Internet during 1970s to allow quick communication among researchers working on the department projects in about 30 locations. The department also saw as a way to continue communications among these important defence sites in the event of a worldwide catastrophe such as nuclear attack. Since these projects were funded by the department‘s Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA), the Network was originally called ARPAnet.
- 8. • In the1980‘s just as Desktop computers were becoming common, the National Science Foundation funded a high speed connection among University centres based on the ARPAnet structure. • By connecting their individual network, Universities could communicate and exchange information in the same way. However, these new connections had an additional, unexpected benefit. • A person accessing a university network from home or school could also get access to any site connected to that network. • This is how the Internet was born. It is also called as information super highway or cyberspace.
- 9. Internet in Education •Instructional materials can be made available to students online. Written material, Various presentations, assignments can be given to students. Even the instructions too can be conveyed to students via internet. • The learner gets the scope of learning desired course anywhere, anytime thereby making learning more flexible, interesting and meaningful. • Internet also helps in removing the age restrictions. The learner ranging from young lots to the adults can enhance their learning as per their needs.
- 10. • Online conferencescan be organised online for the learners from distant places having common interest. The learning that requires prior preparations also can be provided through internet with the loads of instructional material available online. • Research work also can be carried out by both the learners as well as teachers with the help of e-library, topical data bases on World Wide Web. • Individualised as well as group methods can be applied online with the help of varied internet tools like e-mail, discussion forum, Chat rooms, WWW etc. which are discussed in detail in the next segment of this unit.
- 11. Applications of Internet •Communication Yahoomail.com, Hotmail.com, Rediffmail.com • Job searches Naukri.com, monster.com, Summerjob.Com, recuritmentindia.com • Finding books and study material Latest encyclopaedias • Health and medicine
- 12. •Travels Indiatravellog.com, rajtravel.com, makemytrip.com • Entertainment Cricinfo.com,movies.com, espn.com • Shopping •Stock market updates Ndtvprofit.com, moneypore.com • Research • Business use of internet
- 13. World Wide Web •Open source information space • Web resources – URLs, interlinked by hypertext links • Collection of internet resources • Invented by English Scientist Tim Berners – Lee in 1989 • First web browser – 1990 • Web pages – HTML
- 14. • Web –global set – documents, images and others resources • www browser software – Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple’s Safari and Google Chrome • Documents – Combination of computer data – multimedia and interactive content • Individuals and Large audience • Advertising on popular web pages • Software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources
- 15. WEB-BROWSER • Literal meaningof the two terms , Web implies “Network” and Browser means “Look through”. In this context, Web Browser together implies “looking through the network of something”. This meaning, if applied in the concept of internet, then it roughly implies looking through the network of the information pages on available internet.
- 16. • A browseris an application that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. • Technically, a web browser uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of web servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. • In other words, a web browser is a software application that allows one to view pages on the World Wide Web.
- 17. • It isa program installed on the personal computers (PC) locally (e.g. firefox , safari, Internet explorer etc.) that is used to access the Internet, to view = what there is, as it were. • A search engine is a program that in varying ways aggregates reference data so that when you type in a phrase it can point you in the direction of a website that relates to the words you type in.
- 18. • The browseris used to get to a search engine (Which is described later) such as typing www.google.com that takes the user to the google web page which allows to enter information desired. • It allows the reader to read encoded document in the form suitable for display on the world Wide web.
- 19. • A webbrowser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Netscape, and Opera is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information typically located on a web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network.
- 20. • Web browsersallow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on web pages at websites by traversing these links. • The history of the web browser can be traced back to 1991, when a computer guru named Tim Berners-Lee invented the very first web browser. It premiered on February 26, 1991, and ran on NeXSTEP. It was called World Wide Web, but was later renamed Nexus in an effort to avoid confusion with the World Wide Web.
- 21. • There aredifferent web browsers that are available and in use today and they all come with a variety of features. Some of the available web browsers include iCab, Internet Explorer, Internet Explorer for Mac, Lynx, Maxthon, Mosaic, Mozilla, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Safari, Opera etc. Most of these web browsers are free.
- 22. • HTML • Usedto design or Mark up web pages • Include text, links, references to images and other items, such as cascading style sheets and JavaScript functions • First Web Browser – Graphical user interface – Mosaic – 1993 • Netscape Navigator • Internet Explorer • Firefox – develped by Mozilla • Flock – based on Firefox • Safari – Apple Computers • Lynx – UNIX shell and VMS users • Opera – fast and stable browser
- 23. Features • Some commonfeatures are spell checkers, search engine toolbars, download managing, password managing, bookmark managing, as well as form managing. • Accessibility features include page zooming, ad filtering, pop-up blocking, tabbed browsing, incremental finding, HTML access keys, voice controls, mouse gestures, spatial navigation, text to speech, and caret navigation.
- 24. • A webbrowser is a powerful tool, used for personal computers. Today such web browsers that can be used on mobile phones, handheld game systems, as well as pocket PC. • Web browsers can also be personalized to an individuals needs by utilizing web browser accessories that are not included with the initial browser software. E.g. Adobe Acrobat Reader which allows access to PDF files on the World Wide Web.
- 25. Bookmarks and Favorites •Return them quickly • Similar procedure for all web browsers • Ctrl + D – quick way to bookmark a page • Internet Explorer • Google Chrome • Firefox and Netscape • Safari • Opera
- 26. Use of Bookmarksor Favourites • Enable to store the URLs of websites • Folders – e.g. Sports folders • Change the title • To return to a previously bookmarked web site – selecting Favourites – clicking the link to the sites
- 27. Kinds of informationAvailable • Business Information • Libraries and Documentation Centres • Private Persons • International Organizations • Government Information • Publishers • Universities • Societies, Action groups and Associations
- 28. Parts of anInternet Address • URL address – e.g. http://www.oit.edu/ libraries • http:// - type of protocol – need to visit – two systems communicate • E.g. ftp or telnet • WWW – host - web page is stored • Domain name – oit.edu - Oregon Institute of Technology – Libraries – Oregon Tech Library • Top level domain - .edu • .edu – Educational Institution • .com – Commercial Entity • .org - Organization • .net – Network Provider, etc • .gov - Government
- 29. Parts of Internet •URL – Universal Resource Locator – Web site • Domain – Identity particular web pages • E.g. - .gov, .net, .org • Web Browser • E.g. – Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari • Search Engine • E.g. – Google, Bing, Yahoo • Hyperlink • Highlighted or underlined words or graphics – blue • WWW – World Wide Web
- 30. • Bandwidth –how much data – measured in bits per second • http – hypertext transfer protocol • Website • Home page – main page • E-mail • World wide web – electronic library – online information • Chat room • Social Networking • Subscription • Subject Directories • Free Web
- 31. Searching the Net •Search Engines • Getting Started • Keywords • Use of Phrases • Punctuation and Capitalization • Boolean Basics – AND, OR, AND NOT, BUT NOT, NOT • Quick Tips
- 32. Quick Tips • Usenouns as query keywords • Never use articles (a, the), pronouns (he, it), conjunctions (and, or) or prepositions (to, from) in queries • Use 6 to 8 keywords per query • Combine keywords into Phrases by using quotation marks • Spell carefully and consider alternate spellings • Avoid redundant terms • Help
- 33. Researching on theNet Don’t rely exclusively on Net resources Narrow your research topic before logging on Know your subject directories and search engines Keep a detailed record of sites you visit and the sites you use Double-check all URLs that you put in your paper
- 34. Authority • Who isthe author? • Is the author’s name given? • Are her qualification specified? • Is there a link to information about her and her position? • Is there a way to contact her? • Have you heard of her elsewhere? • Has the author written elsewhere on this topic?
- 35. Affiliation • Who isthe sponsor of the web site? • Is the author affiliated with a reputable institution or organization? • Does the information reflect the views of the organization, or only of the author?
- 36. Audience Level • Whataudience is the Web site designed for?
- 37. Currency • Is theWeb site current? • Is the site dated? • Is the date of the most recent update given ? • Are all the links up-to-date and working?
- 38. Content Reliability/Accuracy • Isthe material on the Web site reliable and accurate? • Is the information factual, not opinion? • Can you verify the information in print sources? • Is the source of the information clearly stated? • Whether original research material or secondary material borrowed from elsewhere?
- 39. • How validis the research that is the source? • Does the material as presented have substance and depth? • Where arguments are given, are they based on strong evidence and good logic? • Is the author’s point of view impartial and objective? • Is the author’s language free of emotion and bias? • Is the site free of errors in spelling or grammar and other signs of carelessness in its presentation of the material?