This document discusses spectrum refarming efforts internationally to reallocate spectrum from older to newer mobile broadband technologies. It provides an overview of Intel and describes growing global traffic demands requiring more spectrum. Spectrum refarming cases in the EU and US are outlined where frequencies were reallocated from 2G to 4G and 3G to 4G. The US incentive auction process is summarized as a voluntary, market-based means of repurposing broadcast spectrum for mobile use through an auction mechanism.
Presented by Debora Gentina, Senior Marketing Manager Huawei – deputizing for Renato Lombardi (VP Microwave Product Line Huawei) Chairman of ETSI ISG mWT
at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
Future role of Satellite Technology - Towards a global 5G EcosystemtechUK
Presented by Kumar Singarajah, Avanti at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
Available to download from: http://www.techuk.org/insights/meeting-notes/item/6870-meeting-notes-from-uk-spf-cluster-2-event-on-mmwave
Presented by Debora Gentina, Senior Marketing Manager Huawei – deputizing for Renato Lombardi (VP Microwave Product Line Huawei) Chairman of ETSI ISG mWT
at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
Future role of Satellite Technology - Towards a global 5G EcosystemtechUK
Presented by Kumar Singarajah, Avanti at the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Cluster 2 meeting on 16th Dec.
Available to download from: http://www.techuk.org/insights/meeting-notes/item/6870-meeting-notes-from-uk-spf-cluster-2-event-on-mmwave
Presented in the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Plenary meeting on 28th January 2016 by Chris Cheeseman, Spectrum Strategy Director, BT Group and Steering Board Chairman
RA 15, WRC-15 and CPM19-1: Suymmary of OutcomesAamir Riaz
Summary of Outcomes of ITU Radio Assembly 2015 (RA-15), World Radio Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and First Conference Preparatory Meeting for WRC-19 (CPM19-1)
Present at Thailand’s telecom regulatory environment and spectrum challenges, 19 October 2009 in Bangkok
by Payal Malik
Associate Professor of Economics, Delhi University and Senior Research Fellow, LIRNEasia
Presented in the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Plenary meeting on 28th January 2016 by Chris Cheeseman, Spectrum Strategy Director, BT Group and Steering Board Chairman
RA 15, WRC-15 and CPM19-1: Suymmary of OutcomesAamir Riaz
Summary of Outcomes of ITU Radio Assembly 2015 (RA-15), World Radio Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and First Conference Preparatory Meeting for WRC-19 (CPM19-1)
Present at Thailand’s telecom regulatory environment and spectrum challenges, 19 October 2009 in Bangkok
by Payal Malik
Associate Professor of Economics, Delhi University and Senior Research Fellow, LIRNEasia
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
Starting in Asia, Ericsson has led the development and championed widespread acceptance of the APT700 band, creating a global LTE ecosystem opportunity, benefiting consumers and operators.
The superior propagation characteristics of digital dividend spectrum, made available through the re-farming and re-stacking of terrestrial broadcast TV spectrum, is gaining widespread attention and momentum across the world, specifically in Asia, Oceania and Latin America. This global band is already proving to be a key pillar in mobile operators’ strategies to enhance both rural coverage and metro capacity.
August 2013
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Alex Dixon, Ofcom - Fixed Wireless ServicestechUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 “Spectrum Access and Use” - 2nd December 2014
Alex Dixon, Head of Fixed Wireless Services, Ofcom
Fixed Wireless Services
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
Use of License Exempt Bands Study: Discussion and recommendationstechUK
Presentation from the UK Spectrum Policy Forum Plenary meeting on 14th July 2015.
Presented by John Burns, Plum Consulting and Chris Cheeseman, Spectrum Strategy Director, BT Group
Simon Pike - Cluster 4 - EU TFR and 5G Action Plan 25th Nov 2016techUK
Presentations from the UK SPF Cluster 4 Meeting on the 25 November
http://www.techuk.org/insights/meeting-notes/item/9810-spf-cluster-4-eecc-and-eu-5g-plan
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Dave Cullen - Fixed Wireless Access/TransporttechUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 1 - 30 June 2015
Dave Cullen, Board Member, INCA
Fixed Wireless Access/Transport
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Trevor Foulkes, HS2 - Radio communications for Rai...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 1: Transportation - 11 December 2014
Trevor Foulkes, Head of Signalling and Telecommunications, HS2 Ltd
Radio communications for Railways from 2020
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Simon Pike, Vodafone - 5G UK vision update plenary...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Plenary meeting – 10 April 2014
Simon Pike, Chief Engineer, Regulatory and Spectrum, Vodafone
5G: A UK Perspective – update on progress
See more at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Luigi Ardito, Qualcomm - The future of mobile broa...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 Meeting – 24 July 2014
Luigi Ardito, Senior Manager for Government Affairs, Qualcomm
The future of mobile broadband – Spectrum
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Intel's International Experience of Frequency Refarming for Mobile Broadband
1. Intel Confidential — Do Not Forward
International Experience of Frequency Re-
farming for Mobile Broadband
Worapat Patram
Director of Corporate Affairs – Thailand
Director of Communication Policy – Asia Pacific
2. Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
3. • Leading Manufacturer of Computer, Networking & Communications Products
• 185 Sites in 63 Countries
• $53.3B in Annual Revenues from Customers Worldwide
• 25+ Consecutive Years of Positive Net Income
• Over 105,000 Employees
• 82,400 technical roles, 9,200 Masters in Science, 5,300 PhD’s, 4,000 MBA’s
• One of the Top Ten Most Valuable Brands in the World for 12 Consecutive Years
• Ranked #42 on Fortune’s World’s Most Admired Companies
• Invests $100 Million Each Year in Education Across More than 100 Countries
• Largest Voluntary Purchaser of Green Power in the United States
• >5M Hours of Volunteer Service in Our Communities over the Past 5 Years
Intel Corporation:
The World’s Largest Semiconductor Manufacturer
4. Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
5. Demand Of Traffic Is Growing
• ITU-R M2078 has
recommended that by 2020,
at least 1720 MHz of
Spectrum is needed to
accommodate the growing
demand of traffic.
Total spectrum
requirements for
RATG 1
Total spectrum
requirements for
RATG 2
Total spectrum
requirements RATGs
1 and 2
Lower user density settings 440 MHz 900 MHz 1 340 MHz
Higher user density settings 540 MHz 1 420 MHz 1 960 MHz
Working Party 5D
6. Where will the spectrum come from?
6
Source: Plum Consulting, London
7. Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction
8. ITU
The efficient use of wireless requires government action in
the form of spectrum refarming, the clearing of frequencies
from low-value (by economic and/or social criteria) and
reassignment to high-value applications. This is a complex
and difficult task in that the occupants of the frequencies
to be reassigned are unlikely to be pleased by the change,
because of disruptions to their activities.
http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/toolkit/notes/PracticeNote/
2320
9. Spectrum Refarming
Generally speaking, refarming may be seen as process constituting
any basic change in conditions of frequency usage in a given part of
radio spectrum. Such basic changes might be:
Change of technical conditions for frequency assignments;
Change of application (particular radiocommunication system using the band);
Change of allocation to a different radiocommunication service.
Source: http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/5.2.4.9
10. Permit licensees to deploy newer technologies
Regulators repurpose frequency bands that have historically been
allocated for older technologies to newer technologies
Typically allows current licensees additional flexibility to deploy
newer technologies
European decisions to 2G (e.g. GSM) or 3G(e.g. UMTS) licensees permitted to deploy
4G technologies (e.g. LTE)
USA decision on service flexibility in 2.5 GHz band
11. European Union Decisions
In 2009, the European Union decided to update the “GSM directive to
permit “3G” technologies to use the 900 and 1800 MHz bands.
European Directive (2009/114/EC)1
Decision (2009/776/ED)2 on the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands
In 2011, it was updated to permit “4G” technologies to use the bands
2011 Commission Decision (2011/251/EC)3
In Nov. 2012, the European Commission gave member states until 30
June 2014 to refarm the 2 GHz spectrum band (1920-1980 MHz/
2110-2170 MHz) used by “3G UMTS” services for “4G LTE” services.
Commission implementing decision C(2012) 7697
1 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:274:0025:0027:EN:PDF
2 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:274:0032:0035:EN:PDF
3 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:106:0009:0010:EN:PDF
4 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/commission-implementing-decision-c2012-7697
12. US 2.5 GHz
In July 2004, FCC issued new rules for 2496-2690
MHz
FCC goals were:
Encourage innovation by maximizing flexibility
Promote broadband deployments
Provide incumbents with reasonable opportunity to continue
current uses
Enable a quick transition to the new band plan.
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/
attachmatch/FCC-04-135A1.doc
13. US 2.5 GHz
3 year transition period (transition to new band plan)
Spectrum leasing (secondary market)
Technology neutral
Permitted mobility
Allows FDD or TDD operation
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/
attachmatch/FCC-04-135A1.doc
14. MMDS 2.5 GHz band
• 190 MHz given flexibility to move from high power
1-way video to low power 2-way data.
FCC approach:
• Changed service parameters
• Rebanded to create contiguous licenses
• Didn’t take back spectrum, nor charge fees
• Permitted long leases with non-profit neighbors
14
•Attracted 3.2 billion in
new capital
• Enabled new BWA
(high-speed)
competition
• Fostering Industry
Innovation
USA: Service Flexibility
15. US 2.5 GHz Band Plan
New band plan
Low power operation with high power operation in middle
16.5 MHz blocks, Any channel size
Regional licenses
Dual mask (block edge) (43+10Log(P) and if needed 67+10Log(P) - 3 MHz from channel
edge (operator negotiable)
47 dBuV/m @ 1.5 meter height at licensee boundary
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2
E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
I
2500 MHz
CURRENT PLAN
A B C D
B
R
S
1
ADOPTED PLAN
2496
2495 MHz
1 MHz
GUARD
BAND
6
2
5
0
2 2518.5 2535 2551.5
2
5
6
8
4
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS like” rules
2572
A B C D G F E
B
R
S
2
4
E F H G
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS Like” rules
2614
6
2
5
7
2
2
5
7
8
2
5
8
4
2
5
9
0
2
5
9
6
2
6
0
2
2
6
0
8
2
6
1
4
2
6
1
8
2
6
2
4
EBS
BRS
GUARD BANDS
BRS CHANNELS 1 & 2
2640.5 2657 2673.5
(7) 6 MHz BLOCKS
High Power Operations
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2
E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
I
A1
B1
A2
B2
A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2
E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
I
2500 MHz
CURRENT PLAN
A B C D
B
R
S
1
ADOPTED PLAN
2496
2495 MHz
1 MHz
GUARD
BAND
6
2
5
0
2 2518.5 2535 2551.5
2
5
6
8
4
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS like” rules
2572
A B C D G F EA B C D G F E
B
R
S
2
4
E F H G
(4) 16.5 MHz BLOCKS
CONSISTING OF (3) 5.5 MHz CHANNELS EACH
Flexible Use- “PCS Like” rules
2614
6
2
5
7
2
2
5
7
8
2
5
8
4
2
5
9
0
2
5
9
6
2
6
0
2
2
6
0
8
2
6
1
4
2
6
1
8
2
6
2
4
EBS
BRS
GUARD BANDS
BRS CHANNELS 1 & 2
2640.5 2657 2673.5
(7) 6 MHz BLOCKS
High Power Operations
16. Agenda
• Corporate Overview
• Growing Traffic Demand : Need for More Spectrum
• Spectrum Re-Farming : EU & US
• Incentive Auction (U.S.)
17. Change of allocation to a different
radiocommunication service.
Refarming spectrum from current service to new service,
US process of refarming broadcast spectrum for mobile broadband via incentive
auctions
18. US Incentive Auctions
Incentive auctions are a voluntary, market-based means of
repurposing spectrum
Introduced in the 2010 National Broadband Plan
In February 2012, Congress authorized the FCC to conduct incentive
auctions and directed that the FCC use this for auction of broadcast
television spectrum.
In September 2012, the FCC adopted a Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
Source and further information:
http://www.fcc.gov/incentiveauctions
19. US Incentive Auctions
•2-step process
1) Incumbents (e.g. broadcasters) decide price at which they will give up license.
2) New users (e.g. mobile operators) decide price they would pay for cleared spectrum
•Benefits
Taxpayers
• New users’ price- incumbents’ price= $ to US Treasury
Incumbents/ new operators
• Entirely voluntary so spectrum reallocated only when the parties agree new use
more valuable than existing one
Consumers
• Lower prices, more minutes of use, less congestion and new more valuable services
would dwarf the gains to incumbents, broadband operators and taxpayers.