The document summarizes the outcomes of various international conferences on frequency spectrum management: - RA-15 approved global 5G standards and studies on IoT applications. WRC-15 identified new mobile broadband bands and maintained the UHF band for TV. - CPM-19-1 addressed topics like small satellites, accessibility, and emission limits to prepare for WRC-19. - The conferences aim to efficiently manage spectrum for new technologies while protecting existing services like broadcasting and emergency communications.

1. ICT WEEK
Outcome of RA-15, WRC-15 & CPM 19-1
Conferences
19th May, 2016
Frequency Spectrum Management
Communications Authority of Kenya

2. Agenda
1. What is Frequency Spectrum Management
2. Preview of WRC
3. Outcome of RA-15
4. Outcomes of WRC-15
4. Outcomes of CPM-19-1 for WRC-19
5. Implication of the conference decisions on Kenya

3. Frequency Spectrum Management
The Authority is charged with the responsibility of managing the radio
frequency spectrum. Radio frequency (RF) is any of the electromagnetic
Spectrum that lie in the range extending from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz,
whose large portion of frequencies is used for communications.
Objectives of Spectrum Management
1. Promotion of optimum and efficient utilization of the scarce radio
frequency spectrum resource.
2. Management of the Radio Frequency Spectrum to support new services
and emerging technologies.
3. Ensuring the compliance to assigned technical parameters
4. Maintaining accurate databases on frequency management information.

4. Objectives (Cont..)
5. Assignment of frequencies to network operators.
6. Resolution of harmful interferences
7. Compliance with international agreements with regard to
frequency spectrum management issues
8. Representing the country in regional and international forums to
ensure that Kenya abides by and implements regional and
international agreements and protocols on spectrum
management

5. Licensing
1.
2.
3. Monitoring
Planning
 Frequency Spectrum management involves the overall process of
regulating and administering access to and use of the radio
frequencies through:-
Frequency Spectrum Management

6. International Telecommunications Union
ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and
communication technologies – ICTs.
The ITU allocates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develops
the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies
seamlessly interconnect, and strive to improve access to ICTs to
underserved communities worldwide.
The ITU-R organises World radiocommunication conference (WRC)
every 3-4 years. It is the job of WRC to review, and, if necessary,
revise the Radio Regulations.

7. Coordination of Frequency Spectrum Management
-The UN body that co-ordinates global
management of spectrum
-Adoption of ITU recommendations
-Regional Harmonization
-Coordination with our neighbouring
countries within the East African
Community
-Development of regulations best suited
for our Kenya

9. World Radio Communication Conference
World radiocommunication conferences (WRC) are held every three to four years. It is
the job of WRC to review, and, if necessary, revise the Radio Regulations, the
international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum and the
geostationary-satellite and non-geostationary -satellite orbits.
Radiocommunication Assemblies (RA) are responsible for the structure, programme
and approval of radiocommunication studies. The RA convenes every three or four
years and may be associated in time and place with WRC
Conference objectives
1. To revise the Radio Regulations and any associated Frequency assignment and
allotment Plans;
2. To address any radiocommunication matter of worldwide character;
3. To instruct the Radio Regulations Board and the Radiocommunication Bureau,
and review their activities
4. To determine questions for study by the Radiocommunication Assembly and its
Study Groups in preparation for future Radio communication Conferences.

10. WRC-15
The conference work was aimed at maintaining a stable, predictable
and universally applied regulatory environment that secures long-
term investments for the ICT industry.
Over 40 topics on frequency allocation and frequency sharing for the
efficient use of spectrum and orbital resources were covered, to
ensure quality radiocommunication services for mobile and satellite
services, maritime and aeronautical transport, air and road safety as
well as for scientific purposes related to the environment,
meteorology and climatology, disaster prediction, mitigation and
relief.
The ITU Radiocommunication Bureau has been set an ambitious
studies programme for the next four years in preparation for the
next WRC

11. a) Approved Global standards for IMT-2020 paving way for 5G
 RA-15 established the principles and processes for the
development of IMT-2020 – the next-generation 5G mobile
system
 The 5G systems is set to become available in 2020
 5G will offer extremely high definition video services, real time
low latency applications and support the Internet of Things
b) Internet of Things (IoT)
 (IoT) technologies and its applications include machine-to-
machine (M2M) networks, smart cities and Ubiquitous Sensor
Networks (USN)
 RA-15 recognized the needs of IoT applications such as enhanced
transmission speed, device connectivity, and energy efficiency
 RA-15 approved studies on the technical and operational aspects
of radio networks and systems for IoT
Highlights of Outcome of RA-15

12. c) Accessibility for persons with disabilities and persons with specific needs
Highlights of Outcome of RA-15
d) Small satellites
 RA-15 recognized the ongoing work in the Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to support and
protect the needs of persons with disabilities and persons with specific needs.
 ITU-R to continue studies and research related to accessibility in the development of devices
and applications while promoting compatibility of new technologies and in consultation with
persons with disabilities and specific needs.
 There is a growing number of small satellites (with a mass less than 100 kg), including
nanosatellites (typically 1 to 10 kg in mass) and picosatellites (typically 0.1 to 1 kg in mass), which
provide an affordable means to access orbital resources for new entrants in space, including new
space-faring nations.
 RA-15 examined the issues related to applicable regulatory procedures of small satellites and
approved development of material, such as Recommendations (standards), Reports, or a
Handbook on small satellites, to enhance knowledge of the procedures for submitting filings of
satellite networks to ITU.

13. e) Frequency arrangements for IMT
Highlights of Outcome of RA-15
 RA-15 recognized the ongoing work in the Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to
support and protect the needs of persons with disabilities and persons with specific
needs
 RA-15 approved studies and research related to accessibility in the development of
devices and applications while promoting compatibility of new technologies
f) Out Of Band Emission (OOBE) limits in 700 MHz band
 RA-15 approved new Recommendation ITU-R M.2090-0 on specific unwanted emission limits
of IMT mobile stations operating in the frequency band 700 MHz band to facilitate protection
of existing broadcasting services in Region 1 in the frequency band 470-694 MHz
g) International public telecommunications via satellite in developing
countries.
 RA-15 approved new Resolution ITU-R 69 on development and deployment of international
public telecommunications via satellite in developing countries on the use of satellite orbital
positions and associated frequency spectrum to deliver international public telecommunication
services in developing countries

14. a) Mobile broadband communications
ii Outcomes of WRC-15 Conference
 Identified globally harmonized frequency bands in the L-band (1427-1518 MHz) and in the
lower part of the C-band (3.4 -3.6 GHz) band for mobile broadband services.
 The band 3300-3400 MHz is also available for mobile broadband services in some countries
in Region 1 (Kenya included).
 These frequencies will provide enhanced capacity to meet the growing demand for spectrum
for mobile broadband services for 4G and for next generation 5G networks.
 globally harmonized solution for the implementation of the digital dividend to provide
enhanced capacity for mobile broadband in the 694-790 MHz frequency band.
 Studies for additional spectrum for IMT in bands above 6 GHz in the agenda for the next
WRC in 2019 that will allow technology to meet demand for greater capacity.
b) Exclusive use of UHF band for terrestrial TV services
 WRC-15 agreed that the UHF spectrum (470MHz-694MHz) will remain exclusively allocated to
terrestrial TV services in the ITU’s Region 1 well into the next decade.
 This will provide stability and enable many countries in ITU Region 1 to continue with their digital
television switchover programmes without the risk of an impending change in use of the
spectrum.

15. Continuation
c) Amateur radio service gets new allocation
New allocation for amateur radio service in the frequency band 5351.5 - 5366.5 kHz will maintain
stable communications over various distances and complement the existing 3 and 7 MHz bands,
especially for use when providing communications in disaster situations and for relief operations.
d) Emergency communications and disaster relief
WRC-15 developed a regulatory framework for harmonization of spectrum in the 694-894 MHz
frequency band to facilitate mobile broadband communications for robust and reliable mission
critical emergency services in public protection and disaster relief (PPDR), such as police, fire,
ambulances and disaster response teams.
e) Search and rescue
WRC-15 reinforced protection to Search and Rescue beacons that transmit in the 406-406.1 MHz
frequency band signals to uplink to search and rescue satellites, such as the COSPAS-SARSAT
system. The frequency drift characteristics of radiosondes are taken into account when operating
above 405 MHz to avoid drifting close to 406 MHz and to avoid adjacent frequency band
assignment to prevent interference in the frequency band 406-406.1 MHz.

16. Continuation
f) Unmanned aircraft (drones) and wireless avionics systems (WAIC)
 WRC-15 opened the way for the development by ICAO of worldwide standards for unmanned
aircraft systems (UAS), and identified the regulatory conditions that may be applied to such systems
internationally.
 WRC-15 also agreed on spectrum for wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC) to allow for the
heavy and expensive wiring used in aircraft to be replaced by wireless systems thus saving on fuel
and allowing more efficient usage of the aircraft.
g) Global flight tracking for civil aviation
 Following the disappearance without trace of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 and on the instruction
of the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference of 2014, agreement was reached on the allocation of radio-
frequency spectrum for global flight tracking in civil aviation for improved safety.
 The frequency band 1087.7-1092.3 MHz was allocated to the aeronautical mobile-satellite service
(Earth-to-space) for reception by space stations (satellites) of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS-B) emissions from aircraft transmitters.
 This will facilitate reporting the position of aircraft equipped with ADS-B anywhere in the world,
including oceanic, polar and other remote areas.

17. h) Enhanced maritime communications systems
WRC-15 considered regulatory provisions and frequency allocations to enable new Automatic
Identification System (AIS) applications and other possible new applications to improve maritime
radiocommunication. New applications for data exchange, using AIS technology, are intended to
improve the safety of navigation. New allocations were made in the bands 161.9375-161.9625
MHz and 161.9875-162.0125 MHz to the maritime mobile-satellite service. Studies will continue
on the compatibility between maritime mobile-satellite service (MMSS) in the downlink band
161.7875-161.9375 MHz and incumbent services in the same and adjacent frequency bands.
i) Road Safety
WRC-15 approved allocation of spectrum for short-range high-resolution automotive radar in the
79 GHz frequency band. This will provide a globally harmonized regulatory framework for
automotive radar to prevent collisions and improve vehicular safety by reducing traffic accidents.
The decision is also expected to spur research and development of driverless automobiles.
j) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
WRC-15 decided that further studies regarding current and potential future reference time-scales
are required, including the modification of coordinated universal time (UTC) and suppressing the
so-called “leap second”. WRC-23 will consider the report in 2023, but until then, UTC shall
continue to be applied as maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
(BIPM).
Continuation

18. Implication of WRC-15 decisions on Kenya
a) Additional Spectrum for Mobile broadband communications
The additional globally harmonized spectrum allocation for mobile broadband services in the L-band
(1427-1518 MHz), C-band (3.4 -3.6 GHz) and in the band 3300-3400 MHz will provide enhanced
capacity to meet the growing demand for spectrum in Kenya for mobile broadband services for 4G
and for next generation 5G networks. The 700 MHz (694-790 MHz) band will provide enhanced
capacity for mobile broadband in Kenya
b) Exclusive use of UHF band for terrestrial TV services
The UHF spectrum (470MHz-694MHz) will remain exclusively allocated to terrestrial TV services in
Kenya well into the next decade. This will provide stability and enable the country to continue with
the expansion of digital terrestrial TV services without the risk of an impending change in use of the
spectrum.
c) New allocation to amateur radio service
The frequency band 5351.5 - 5366.5 kHz will be available for allocation to amateur radio service in
Kenya. This will enable amateur operators in Kenya to maintain stable communications over various
distances and complement the existing 3 and 7 MHz bands, especially for use when providing
communications in disaster situations and for relief operations.

19. Implication of WRC-15 decisions on Kenya
d) Harmonized spectrum for emergency communications and disaster relief
The approved regulatory framework will facilitate globally harmonized mobile broadband
communications for robust and reliable mission critical emergency services in public protection and
disaster relief (PPDR), such as police, fire, ambulances and disaster response teams in Kenya within
the frequency band 694-894 MHz
e) Increase efficiency in the use of the spectrum/orbit resource
The new regulations approved by the Conference will increase efficiency in the use of the satellite
orbit and the associated frequencies. It will also facilitate developing countries like Kenya to launch
satellites and bring into use satellite network frequency assignments with ease
f) New spectrum for earth observation satellites for environmental monitoring
The new global allocations in the 7-8 GHz frequency range will lead to the development of modern
broadband sensing technologies and space-borne radars. Scientific and geo-information applications
will provide high quality measurements in all weather conditions with enhanced applications for
disaster relief and humanitarian aid, land use and large-area coastal surveillance. These
measurements will enable relevant agencies in Kenya to have a better understanding of such
important matters as coastal pollution, fisheries management, search and rescue, beach erosion, and
maritime navigation. These include NEMA, KWS, KMA, KPA and security agencies etc.

20. Implication of WRC-15 decisions on Kenya
g) Unmanned aircraft (drones) and wireless avionics systems
The approved regulatory conditions for drones will allow implementation of the systems globally to
support flight through non-segregated airspace since the numbers of UAs are growing worldwide
A new spectrum allocation for wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC) will enable replacement
of the heavy and expensive wiring used in aircraft by wireless systems thus saving on fuel and allowing
more efficient usage of the aircraft by airlines such as Kenya Airways.
h) Global flight tracking for civil aviation
A new spectrum allocation in the band 1087.7-1092.3 MHz for global flight tracking in civil aviation will
improve flight safety globally for the aviation industry. It will allow operators to determine the position
of aircrafts equipped with ADS-B anywhere in the world, including oceanic, polar and other remote
areas.
i) Enhanced maritime communications systems for safety systems for ships and ports
The new allocations will enable Kenya Maritime Authority, Kenya Ports Authority and the global
maritime community at large to enhance maritime safety systems for ships and ports.
j) Road Safety through reduction of traffic accidents
The new allocation of spectrum for short-range high-resolution automotive radar in the 79 GHz
frequency band will provide spectrum in Kenya for automotive radar to prevent collisions and improve
vehicular safety by reducing traffic accidents.

21. Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle

22. Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle

23. iii Conference Preparatory Meeting for WRC-19 (CPM 19-1)
 After the WRC-15, the first session of CPM-19 was held in
Geneva from 30th November to 1st December 2015
 The purpose was to organize , coordinate and allocate
preparatory studies for WRC-19 based on agenda items
proposed by WRC-15.
 In total around 21 agenda items were identified for
discussion during the next conference in 2019.

24. Outcomes of the CPM19-1
a) Chapter Structure of the CPM-19 Report
The WRC-19 Agenda items were distributed in the following six broad as follows: Land
mobile and fixed services , Broadband applications in the mobile service , Satellite
services , Science services , Maritime, aeronautical and amateur services and General
issues .
b) Appointment of Chapter Rapporteurs
CPM19-1 appointed experts from the various ITU Regions to be Chapter Rapporteurs for each
of the six CPM-19 report chapters. For the African Region, Mr. Peter Ngige of CA was endorsed
as the Rapporteur for Chapter 6 which deals with General Issues. This therefore means that Mr.
Ngige will be the Chairman of Committee 6 in the next Conference (WRC-19)
c) Allocation of WRC-19 agenda Items to different study groups
Specific WRC-19 agenda items were assigned to the respective ITU-R working parties of study
groups.
d) Establishment of the Task Group TG 5/1
A Task Group TG 5/1 was established to be the responsible group for the WRC-19 Agenda Items 1.13 which
deals with frequency-related matters for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)
e) Timetable for the WRC-19 conference preparatory process
The meeting developed a tentative timetable for the WRC-19 preparatory processes.

25. Thank you