1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
ON FASCIOLIASIS AMONG
CATTLE AND BUFFALOE

2. PRESENTED BY:
Dr. SEHAM FAWZY HASSAN

4. As a parasite

5. Taxonomy
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Platyhelminthes
Class : Trematoda
Subclass : Digenea
Order : Echinostmifomis
Family : Fasioloida
Genus : Fasciola
Species : hepatic
gigantica

6. They are flat leaf-like,
greyish brown in colour,
reached in length to 30 mm
and width 13 mm.
Fasciola
egg
Length 130-145 µm
Width 70-90 µm
Regular ellipse Thin
shell Operculum at
one pole Granular
yellowish-brown
contents filling
whole egg.
MORPOLOGY

7. LIFE CYCLE

8. Fascioliasis is one of the world wide parasitic
disease common in ruminants (sheep, goat,
cattle, buffaloes, camels), swine, horses,
donkeys and rabbits caused by trematode called
Fasciola spp characterized by animal poor
condition, decrease in productivity and liver
damage and has zoonotic importance.
FASCIOLIASIS

9. The suscebtibility differed according to:
Species
Age
Sex
Season
Management
EPIDEMILOGY OF FASCIOLIASIS
1- The susceptibility

10. EX:1
In study made by ( ALI.,2013 ) in Qena , Sohag , Aswan.
He founded that the prevalence of fascioliasis differed according
to age,sex,species.
BuffaloCattleSheep
9.27%9.54%15.9%female
3.7%3.6%2%male
10.15%20.5%17.37%Over 2 years
3.58%3.18%1.23%Less than 2
years
1- The susceptibility

11. J. A. Kucahai et al.,(2011) reported in el-hend that there
differences in fascioliasis prevalence according to season, age
and sex.
householdLivestock farmslaughtered
21.9%27.69%51.42%Result
Dry seasonWet seasonSeason
24.40%45.19%
3-8 years0-2 yearsAge
28.04%40.02%
MaleFemaleSex
29.09%38.07%
EX 2:
1- The susceptibility

12. EX 3:
(Azhar 2002) studied in Pakistan the prevalence of fascioliasis
according to managemental view and seasons she found that:
Livestock farmsHouseholdVeterinary
hospitals
SlaughteredManagement
26.16%10.5%13.7%
25.59%Results
SummerWinterSpringAutumnSeason
9%13%20%
24%Results
1- The susceptibility

13. Ingestion of encysted metacercaria.
2- source of infection:
Vegetation contained encysted metacercaria.
3- mode of transmition:

14. Risk factors:
1-Environmental risk factors
2-Host risk factors
3-Managemental risk factors

15. The annual loss in the world due to fascioliasis is 3.2 billion
dollars.
In Egypt losses in meat and milk due to fascioliasis was
30% per year= one milliard pound (according to issue of
June 1998 of the General Organization of Veterinary
Services, Ministry of Agriculture)
Decrease in live weight gain and wool production.
Decrease in milk yield amount and quality.
Reduction in animal fertility.
Zoonotic importance
WHO reported that in 2002 there are 2.4 million
people were infected with fasciola.
Economic importance

16. Infection occur through ingestion of the encysted
metacercaria on green fodders the metacercaria
excysted in the lumen of intestine The cercaria
migrated to the liver the mature worm fed on
the parenchyma of the liver destroying it resulting in wide
spread hemorrhage.
Pathogenesis

17. Acute type I fascioliasis Occurs when the animal ingests
more than 5000 metacercariae, which may lead to its sudden death,
especially sheep and goats without showing any previous clinical
signs.
Acute type II fascioliasis Infection occurs by the ingestion
of 1000-5000 metacercariae. the animal dies and showing signs of
pallor, loss of condition and ascites.
Subacute fascioliasis occurs due to the ingestion of 800-
1000 metacercariae. The animal becomes weak, anemic and weight
loss may occur resulting in death of the animal.
Chronic fascioliasis occurs when 200-800 metacercariae
are ingested.Chronic Fasciolasis is prolonged and does not have clear
key symptoms except for gradual weight loss, pallor of mucous
membranes, ventral oedema and wool break.
Clinical signs:

18. - Emaciated, anemic, edematous and/or icteric carcass
due to liver damage.
- Liver enlargement with bumpy, raised and/or
depressed areas, dark blue to black discolorations,
hardness in consistence.
- Hemorrhagic tracts of migratory immature flukes in the
liver in an acute infection.
- Black parasitic material (excrement) in the liver.
- Cirrhotic effect on the liver (scarred surface).
- Enlarged, thickened and calcified bile ducts
Post mortem lesions

19. Liver enlargement with bumpy, raised and/or
depressed areas, dark blue to black
discolorations, hardness in consistence

20. Hemorrhagic tracts
Cirrhotic effect on the liver
(scarred surface).

21. Case history:
Clinical signs:
Coprological diagnosis:
fecal examination through sedimentation
technique . finding the egg in the feces
the main method of diagnosis.
Serodiagnotic techniques:
As agar gel precepitation technique ,
indirect haemagglutination test and
indirect ELISA.
Diagnosis

22. Bacteriological features of infected liver with
fasciola:
Fasciola plays an important role in aiding microbial
invasion to the infected animals either by transportation
as a result of migration of immature liver flukes or
depressing the hepatic tissue resistance to be a good
media for bacterial growth

23. Fasciola infection plays an important role in stimulation
of Clostridium infection especially Cl. perfringens due
to the changes which were attributed to toxic
environment created by the organisms in liver tissues.
The micro-organisms played a role in initiating hepatic
affections like hepatitis ,hepatic necrosis and hepatic
abscesses

24. Aerobic contamination
E.Coli
Staphylococcus intermedius
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus pyogens
Klebseilla
Anaerobic contamination:
Closteridium perfringes
Closteridium novyi
Closteridium sordelli
Bacteriodes spp
Peptostreptococcus
Bacteriological features of infected liver with
fasciola:

25. 1- Studying the prevalence of animal fascioliasis among cattle
and buffaloes in Assiut Governorate through liver inspection in
slaughtered animals and fecal examination of live animals.
2- Comparing between the prevalence of fascioliasis in
slaughtered, household and livestock farms cattle and
buffaloes.
3- Rerecording the prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle and
buffaloes in Assuit in relation to species (cattle or buffaloes),
climatic factors, age and sex.
4-Evaluation of bacteriological features associated with
fasciola infection.
Aim of these work:

26. 2-slaughtered animals: will be collected randomly from
different slaughter houses in Assuit governorate.
Protocol of work
A) Source of samples:
1-live animals: cattle and buffaloes will be randomly
selected from different herds and farms in Assuit governorate.

27. B) Sample collection and handling:
From each sampled live animal:
faecal samples: for detection of eggs of fasciola
From each slaughtered animal:
Routine post mortem examination of liver and gall bladder of
each animal will be carried out to check for the presence of
Fasciola.From each liver infected with fasciola taking 4-8 gm, from
infected tissue for bacteriological examination with minimum
delay on ice box.

28. C) Detection of fasciola in live animals:
1- Macroscopic examination:
The physical characters of the faeces studied (colour, consistency,
presence of blood /or mucus).
2- Microscopic examination
A- Direct smear method
B- Sedimentation technique

29. D) Bacteriological examination of
infected liver with fasciola:
Aerobic cultivation Anaerobic cultivation

30. A loopful from each affected livers will be streaked onto blood
agar and MacConkey's agar. Then incubate it at 37 c for 24-48
hours.
Isolated colonies will be identified morphologically and
characterized biochemically.
A) Aerobic cultivation:

31. A loopful from each affected deep tissue of livers will be
inoculated into 2 tubes of freshly prepared cooked meat
broth. One of them will be heated at 80 c for 10 minutes,
to eliminate non-spore forming organisms while the other
tube will be left without heating. A loopful from each
affected deep tissue of livers will be inoculated into 2 tubes
of freshly prepared cooked meat broth.
Both tubes will be incubated anaerobically at 37 c for 2-3
days.
B) Anaerobic cultivation:

32. A loopful from each heated tube will be streaked
onto blood agar plate for isolation of spore forming
anaerobes while, loopful from non-heated tubes will
be streaked onto neomycin blood agar and brain-
heart infusion blood agar plates for isolation of
clostridium perfringes and non-spore forming
anaerobes.
All plates incubated anaerobically at 35-37 c for 2-3
days
B) Anaerobic cultivation:

33. The data obtained will be tabulated in relation to
difference in species, sexes, ages, locality, season
and different secondary bacterial infection.
E) Stastical analysis: