Intermetallics
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This document discusses intermetallic compounds, which are intermediate phases that form between two metals in an alloy system. Intermetallics have a fixed crystal structure and composition that is different from the original metals. They can be stoichiometric, with a set composition, or nonstoichiometric, allowing for some variation. Intermetallics are very hard and brittle due to their partly ionic bonding. Examples discussed include molybdenum disilicide used in furnace elements and copper aluminide used for precipitation hardening in alloys. Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys and titanium aluminides see application in transportation and industrial equipment due to their mechanical properties at high temperatures.
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INTERMETALLICS
The document discusses intermetallic compounds, which are intermediate phases that form between two metals in an alloy system when the solute content exceeds the solid solubility limit. Intermetallics have a fixed stoichiometric composition and crystal structure different from the parent metals. They are very hard and brittle. Examples include Fe3C in steels and Mg2Ni in magnesium-nickel alloys. Intermetallics find use in applications requiring high strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, such as MoSi2 heating elements and TiAl turbine blades.
INTERMETALLICS
Intermetallic compounds form as a distinct phase when the amount of solute in an alloy exceeds the solid solubility limit. They have a fixed composition and crystal structure that is different from the parent metals. Intermetallic compounds are very hard and brittle due to their metallic-covalent bonding. They form when metals with opposing electrochemical properties, like a strong metal and weak metal, combine. Examples are used in applications requiring high strength at high temperatures, like gas turbine engines, due to their properties.
solid solutions
1. Solid solutions occur when atoms of a solute dissolve into the crystal lattice of a solvent in the solid state. There are two main types of solid solutions: substitutional and interstitial.
2. In a substitutional solid solution, atoms of the solute substitute for atoms of the solvent in the lattice. This can be ordered, with solute and solvent atoms arranged in specific sites, or disordered.
3. In an interstitial solid solution, atoms of the solute occupy the spaces between atoms of the solvent in the lattice. This only occurs when the solute atom is much smaller than the solvent.
Ceramics Matrix Composite
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs consist of a ceramic matrix with reinforcements. They offer advantages over monolithic ceramics like higher toughness, strength, and fatigue resistance. Some key applications of CMCs mentioned are in cutting tools, aerospace components, jet engines, burners, and turbine blades, as they can withstand high temperatures and offer corrosion resistance. The document discusses properties, advantages, disadvantages and applications of CMCs.
Solid solution
Homogeneous and non-homogeneous phase, Solid solution, substitutional solid solution, interstitial solid solution, order substitutional solid solution, disordered substitutional solid solution, Hume Rothery rules, Intermediate alloy phases,
Solid Solutions
Definition, Classification,Hume Rothery Rules
Reference: Material Science and Engineering, William Callister
Corrosion
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
Chapter no 02 steels and alloy of steels
Steels are iron-carbon alloys that contain up to 2% carbon. Adding carbon to iron makes it stronger but less ductile. The amount of carbon determines the hardness and properties of the steel. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.25%), medium carbon (0.25-0.6%), or high carbon (0.6-2%). Alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are added to steels to impart additional properties. Different steel compositions and heat treatments produce steels suitable for a wide variety of applications from construction materials to tools.
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INTERMETALLICS
The document discusses intermetallic compounds, which are intermediate phases that form between two metals in an alloy system when the solute content exceeds the solid solubility limit. Intermetallics have a fixed stoichiometric composition and crystal structure different from the parent metals. They are very hard and brittle. Examples include Fe3C in steels and Mg2Ni in magnesium-nickel alloys. Intermetallics find use in applications requiring high strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, such as MoSi2 heating elements and TiAl turbine blades.
INTERMETALLICS
Intermetallic compounds form as a distinct phase when the amount of solute in an alloy exceeds the solid solubility limit. They have a fixed composition and crystal structure that is different from the parent metals. Intermetallic compounds are very hard and brittle due to their metallic-covalent bonding. They form when metals with opposing electrochemical properties, like a strong metal and weak metal, combine. Examples are used in applications requiring high strength at high temperatures, like gas turbine engines, due to their properties.
solid solutions
1. Solid solutions occur when atoms of a solute dissolve into the crystal lattice of a solvent in the solid state. There are two main types of solid solutions: substitutional and interstitial.
2. In a substitutional solid solution, atoms of the solute substitute for atoms of the solvent in the lattice. This can be ordered, with solute and solvent atoms arranged in specific sites, or disordered.
3. In an interstitial solid solution, atoms of the solute occupy the spaces between atoms of the solvent in the lattice. This only occurs when the solute atom is much smaller than the solvent.
Ceramics Matrix Composite
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs consist of a ceramic matrix with reinforcements. They offer advantages over monolithic ceramics like higher toughness, strength, and fatigue resistance. Some key applications of CMCs mentioned are in cutting tools, aerospace components, jet engines, burners, and turbine blades, as they can withstand high temperatures and offer corrosion resistance. The document discusses properties, advantages, disadvantages and applications of CMCs.
Solid solution
Homogeneous and non-homogeneous phase, Solid solution, substitutional solid solution, interstitial solid solution, order substitutional solid solution, disordered substitutional solid solution, Hume Rothery rules, Intermediate alloy phases,
Solid Solutions
Definition, Classification,Hume Rothery Rules
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Corrosion
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
Chapter no 02 steels and alloy of steels
Steels are iron-carbon alloys that contain up to 2% carbon. Adding carbon to iron makes it stronger but less ductile. The amount of carbon determines the hardness and properties of the steel. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.25%), medium carbon (0.25-0.6%), or high carbon (0.6-2%). Alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are added to steels to impart additional properties. Different steel compositions and heat treatments produce steels suitable for a wide variety of applications from construction materials to tools.
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Corrosion & Mechanism of Dry corrosion
1. Dry or chemical corrosion occurs via direct chemical reaction between a metal surface and gases in the atmosphere like oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide. It involves adsorption of gas molecules on the metal surface.
2. The mechanism of dry corrosion involves oxidation of the metal surface and reduction of gas molecules, forming a metal oxide layer. The nature and properties of this oxide layer determines whether it is protective or porous.
3. According to the Pilling-Bedworth rule, a protective oxide layer has a volume equal to or greater than the original metal, while a porous layer has a smaller volume, allowing further corrosion. Metals like chromium and aluminum form protective passive layers contributing to corrosion resistance.
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The document discusses materials science and engineering, specifically focusing on the production of iron and steel. It begins with an introduction to materials science and engineering. It then describes the production process of pig iron, including raw material procurement, blast furnace production, and products. It further discusses various steel production methods like basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production. Continuous casting and different steel products are also outlined. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key industrial processes for producing iron and steel, from raw materials to final products.
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2. It describes the production of pig iron using a blast furnace, which involves heating iron ore with coke to produce a molten iron alloy containing 3-4% carbon.
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- Hematite and Magnetite ores are washed, crushed, screened, sintered and fed into a blast furnace to produce pig iron.
- Iron exists in different crystal structures like BCC and FCC. Specific compositions include Ferrite, Pearlite, Austenite, Cementite and Martensite.
- Engineering materials are classified into Metals, Polymers and Ceramics. Metals include Ferrous materials like steels and cast iron, as well as Non-ferrous materials.
Material Science and Metallurgy
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
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Intermetallics
- 1. Kumaraguru College Of Technology P15CCT102 – APPLIED MATERIALS ENGINEERING INTER METALLICS Presented By Praveenkumar K
- 2. Contents • What is intermetallics? • Types of intermetallics • Properties of intermetallics • Applications of intermetallics
- 3. Intermediate Phases • Most of the alloy system do not show complete solid solubility. When the amount of solute element is more than the limit of solid solubility, a second phase also appears apart from the primary solid solution. • It is a phase formed at intermediate composition between the two primary components (pure metals). • The crystal structure of the intermediate phase is different from the both primary components. •Some of these intermediate phases have a fixed composition and are called Intermetallic compounds.
- 4. • Intermetallics are similar to alloys, but the bonding between the different types of atoms is partly ionic, leading to different properties than traditional alloys. • In general, the larger the electro negativity difference between the solute atom and the solvent, the greater the tendency to form compounds and the less solubility there is. • So, elements with similar electro negativities tend to form alloy, whereas elements with large electro negativity difference tend to have more ionic bonds.
- 5. • An intermetallic compound contains two or more metallic elements, producing a new phase with its own composition, crystal structure, and properties. • Intermetallic compounds are almost always very hard and brittle. • Intermetallics or intermetallic compounds are similar to ceramic materials in terms of their mechanical properties.
- 6. Classification • Stoichiometric intermetallic compounds • Nonstoichiometric intermetallic compounds
- 7. Stoichiometric intermetallic compounds • Stoichiometric intermetallic compounds have a fixed composition. • AlSb in Al-Sb system. • Fe3 in Steel.
- 9. Nonstoichiometric intermetallic compounds • Nonstoichiometric intermetallic compounds have a range of compositions and are some times called intermediate solid solutions. • ϒ phase in Mo-Rh system. • β' phase in brass. • TiAl3 in Al-Ti system.
- 11. Properties and Applications: Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) • This material is used for making heating elements for high temperature furnaces. • At high temperatures (1000 to 1600°C), MoSi2 shows outstanding oxidation resistance. • At low temperatures (500°C and below), MoSi2 is brittle and shows catastrophic oxidation known as pesting.
- 12. Copper Aluminide (CuAl2) Precipitation hardening – by forming CuAl2 phase in α matrix, gives high strength and toughness. Properties: • High strength (505 - 520 MPa). • Good creep strength at high temperature. • High toughness at cryogenic temperature. • Good machinability. Applications: • Fuel Tanks. • Pistons, rivets for aircraft constructions.
- 13. Al-Mg-Si Alloys (Mg2Si) • Mg and Si are added in balanced amount to form Mg2Si. • Mg + Si (0.8-1.2%) ; Mg + Si (> 1.4%) Properties: • Medium-strength structural alloys (most widely used 6063-T6, σy 215 MPa, σTS 245 Mpa). • Readily extruded • Colour anodized. Applications : • Car bodies, Electric trains • Structural Components • Satellite dish • Large water pipes • Aircraft, Automotive
- 14. TiAl and Ni3Al (Nickel base superalloys) Properties: • TiAl and Ni3Al possess good combinations of high- temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance up to approximately 650 - 960°C. • Good Toughness and Corrosion resistance. Applications: • Aircrafts, space vehicles, rocket engines • Industrial gas turbines. • Nuclear reactors, submarines. • Steam power plants, petrochemical equipment. • Combustion Engine Exhaust Valves
- 15. Thank You