3. WHAT IS ELECTROLYSIS ?
• chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution
containing ions .
• An example of electrolysis is recharging a battery, which involves use of an external power
source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in the reverse direction, restoring to
some extent the composition of the half-cells and the voltage of the battery.
4. ELECTROLYSIS IN BATTERIES
• A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
• The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material
(electrode) to another, through an external circuit.
• The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.
• To balance the flow of electrons, charged ions also flow through an electrolyte solution that
is in contact with both electrodes.
• Different electrodes and electrolytes produce different chemical reactions that affect how the
battery works, how much energy it can store and its voltage.
6. MATERIALS USED IN BATERIES
• Just as everything requires great materials for it to function flawlessly ; we also need best
materials for batteries as well.
• Lithium , Manganese , Nanomaterials , Graphene , Cobalt , Nickel , Graphite , Silicon ,
Polyvinylidene fluoride , Alloys.
7. CORROSION
• It is basically defined as a natural process that causes the transformation of pure metals into
undesirable substances when they react with substances like water or air.
• This reaction causes damage and disintegration of the metal, starting from the portion of the metal
exposed to the environment and spreading to the entire bulk of the metal.
• Factors Affecting Corrosion
• Exposure of the metals to air containing gases like CO2, SO2, SO3 etc.
• Exposure of metals to moisture, especially salt water (which increases the rate of corrosion).
• Presence of impurities like salt (For example, NaCl).
• Temperature: An increase in temperature increases corrosion.
• Nature of the first layer of oxide formed: Some oxides like Al2O3 form an insoluble protecting layer
that can prevent further corrosion. Others, like rust, easily crumble and expose the rest of the metal.
• Presence of acid in the atmosphere: Acids can easily accelerate the process of corrosion.
8. PROTECTIVE COATING
• Protective coatings are a simple way to reduce corrosion, by limiting the exposure of the metal to a
corrosive environment.
• PROTECTIVE COATINGS USED IN BATTERIES
• Ceramics (and other non-wovens)
• Mica.
• Aerogels.
• Coatings (intumescent and other)
• Encapsulants (materials used to enclose something )
• Encapsulating foams.
• Compression pads (with fire protection properties)
• Phase change materials.
9. LUBRICANTS
• Lubricant is a substance which is used to control (more often to reduce) friction and wear of
the surfaces in a contact of the bodies in relative motion .
• The battery in an electric vehicle can generate heat which needs to be controlled and
dissipated. EV batteries are therefore often cooled via a liquid coolant fluid.
• This is critical to maintain the ideal operating temperature, prevent overheating, optimise
performance and prolong the battery’s effective life.
10. NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
• Harmful effects of batteries :
• removal of topsoil, extreme environmental degradation, and deforestation.
• can contaminate water supplies and ecosystems if they leach out of landfills.
• lithium-ion battery mining and production are worse for the climate than the production of
fossil fuel vehicle batteries.
• Relatively Higher Cost.
• Slightly Heavier Weight
• Repair and Maintenance Challenges
• Safety concerns.
