The document covers the advancements in semiconductor nanomaterials for energy storage applications, exploring their unique properties, types, synthesis methods, and potential benefits over traditional materials. It highlights the importance of these materials in developing more efficient energy storage technologies, necessary for a cleaner energy future. Key challenges and future prospects in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly in India, are also discussed.

1. Advance Semiconductor
Nano Materials for Energy Storage
Applications
SEMINAR TOPIC
ABHAYSINH RAJPUT [20BCH122D]
AYUSH DOSHI [20BCH124D]
BADAL PARMAR [20BCH125D]
GUIDED BY:-
DR.SWAPNIL DHARASKAR
STUDENTS NAME & ROLL NO:-
SoET
SCHOOL OF
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT ARE SEMI-CONDUCTORS
 SEMI-CONDUCTORS NANOMATERIAL FOR ENERGY STORAGE
 TYPES OF SEMI-CONDUCTORS
 SYNTHESIS OF SEMI CONDUCTORS NANO MATERIALS
 LARGEST SEMI-CONDUCTOR COMPANIES IN THE WORLD
 SEMI-CONDUCTOR IN INDIA
 CHALLENGES & FUTURE PROSPECTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
A semiconductor is a material which has electrical
conductivity between the conductor and insulator.
• The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with increasing
temperature, behavior opposite to metal.
• Example:-metalloids silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are
semiconductors.

4.  Semiconductor nanomaterials are materials with unique electrical and optical capabilities due to their nanoscale size.
They frequently display quantum confinement effects, which can drastically modify their behavior when compared to
bulk materials.

5. WHAT ARE SEMI-CONDUCTORS
• A semiconductor is a material which has an
electrical conductivity value falling between that
of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator,
such as glass.
SMALLER. .. SMALLER . . . SMALLER.
In the semiconductor industry, this translates to
FASTER ... FASTER . .. FASTER.
The question is, how small can you go?
The small size results in new quantum phenomena
that yield some extraordinary properties.
Material properties change dramatically because
quantum effects arise from the confinement of
electrons and "holes" in the material.

6. WHAT ARE SEMI-CONDUCTORS
Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of
semiconductor materials, are essential in modern
electrical devices. Examples range from computers to
cellular phones to digital audio players. Silicon is used to
create most semiconductors commercially, but dozens of
other materials are used as well.
Without the Semiconductors nothing in this world
that is built today would exist.
No communications
No Transportation
No Services
And many more

7. SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN ENERGY STORAGE
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

8. SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN ENERGY STORAGE
Metal Oxides and Sulphides
Manganese oxide Iron oxide Ruthenium oxide

9. SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN ENERGY STORAGE
Conductive Polymers
DOS for PP and PP-g-GMA SnO and SnO2 at PANI nanocomposite
Polythiophene as potential
energy storage materials

10. SEMICONDUCTORS TYPES
Supercapacitors

11. SEMICONDUCTORS TYPES
CHARGING PROCESS
Li-Ion Battery
DISCHARGING PROCESS
• When the battery is being charged, Li+ ions move from
the cathode (positive electrode) via the electrolyte to
the anode (negative electrode).
• Electrons simultaneously move to the anode via the
external electric circuit.
• When the battery is being discharged, Li+ ions move
from the anode (negative electrode) via the electrolyte
to the cathode (positive electrode).
• Electrons simultaneously move to the cathode via the
external electric circuit.

12. Sodium-Ion Battery
SEMICONDUCTORS TYPES
•They are rechargeable batteries which
require sodium ion movement between
electrodes during the charging and
discharging of the battery
Benefits:-
• Cheaper to produce
• Abundance of the raw materials
• Non-flammable
• Operate well in colder temperatures
• Store more energy per unit weight
• Less likely to experience thermal
runaway

13. Sodium as an alternative, sustainable battery technology
Sodium is a is low-cost and abundant
chemical element, homogeneously
distributed around the world
SIBs have clear advantages over many
current batteries - such as LIBs, lead-acid
(Pb-Acid) or nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd)
batteries, as shown in table.

14. Synthesis of Semiconductor Nano Materials
Semiconductor nanomaterials are synthesized through various techniques to control their size, shape, and composition.
1.Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
• In CVD, a precursor gas is introduced into a chamber where it decomposes on a substrate to form nanomaterials.
• It allows precise control over thickness, uniformity, and crystal structure.
• Commonly used for growing nanowires and thin films.
2.Sol-Gel Synthesis
• Sol-gel involves the transformation of a sol (a stable colloidal suspension) into a gel, followed by drying or annealing.
• It's used to produce nanoparticles and thin films with excellent purity and homogeneity.
3.Hydrothermal Synthesis
• Hydrothermal methods use high-temperature and high-pressure water-based solutions to synthesize nanomaterials.
• Often used for growing nanorods, nanowires, and other 1D nanostructures.
4.Bottom-Up Approaches
• Bottom-up approaches build nanomaterials atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule.
• Techniques include molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD).

15. CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
(CVD)
• Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process whereby a
solid material is deposited from a vapor by a chemical
reaction occurring on or in the vicinity of a normally
heated substrate surface.
• The solid material is obtained as a coating, a powder, or
as single crystals.
• By varying the experimental conditions—substrate
material, substrate temperature, composition of the
reaction gas mixture, total pressure gas flows, etc.—
materials with different properties can be grown.
• CVD is an example for Solid-Vapor Reaction.

16. SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS
• A sol is a stable dispersion of particles or polymers in a solvent. The particles may be amorphous or
crystalline.
• A gel consists of a three dimensional continuous network, which encloses a liquid phase.
• Sol-gel is a process in which solid nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid (a sol) agglomerate together to
form a continuous three-dimensional network extending throughout the liquid (a gel).
Network Formation
• As the sol aggregates the viscosity will
increase until a gel is formed.
• The sol-gel transition (gel-point) is
reached when a continuous network is
formed.
• The gel-time is determined as the time
when it is possible to turn the
container upside-down.

17. Properties of Semiconductor Nano Materials for Energy Storage
1 Large Surface To Volume Ratio
Their high surface area provides more active sites
for energy storage reactions.
2 Enhanced Charge Transfer
They facilitate faster and more efficient
movement of charges during storage and release.
3 Tunable Band Gap
The band gap can be adjusted to optimize energy
storage performance.
4 Absorption and Adsorption
Absorption and Adsorption molecules are high
and fast

18. LARGEST SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANIES IN THE WORLD

19. SEMICONDUCTORS IN INDIA
• Communications and IT minister Ashwini
Vishnaw announced the decision after the
Cabinet meeting, chaired by Prime Minister
• Proposal, which seeks to put India in the global
league of top electronics manufacturing nations
such as China, Taiwan, South Korea and
Malaysia.
• India finally took a giant leap towards
getting semiconductor and display fab
manufacturing into the country through a
Rs 76,000-crore incentive package.
• Electronics manufacturing in the country
currently stands at around $75 billion, it is
expected to grow to as much as $250 billion
over the next five years.

20. SEMICONDUCTORS IN INDIA

21. Challenges and Future Prospects
1 Environmental Impact
• Raw Material Sourcing
• Rare Earth Elements
2 Manufacturing Processes
• Energy Consumption
• Chemical Usage
• Waste Generation
3 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Comprehensive Analysis
• Input-Output Analysis
• Comparative Assessment
4 Recyclability and Reusability of Materials
• Material Design for Recyclability
• Reusability of Nanomaterials

22. Conclusion
 Advanced semiconductor nanomaterials present a possible route for more effective energy storage technologies. They provide
greater energy density, quicker charging, and extended cycle life in batteries and supercapacitors because of the nanoscale
characteristics and quantum effects.
 This improvement in efficiency is essential for meeting the rising need for dependable, clean energy, especially as we move
toward renewable sources.
 Current research must, however, concentrate on scalability, cost-effectiveness, and reducing possible toxicity problems in order to
fully realize their promise. These nanoparticles are a ray of hope for a cleaner, more effective energy future that promises a robust
and sustainable energy system for future generations as we develop.

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24. Thank you