The document provides information about Buddhism, including:
1) It discusses key Buddhist concepts like the Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and goal of achieving Nirvana or enlightenment by escaping desires and the cycle of rebirth.
2) It describes the two main branches of Buddhism - Theravada Buddhism practiced in Southeast Asia and emphasizes meditation and monastic life, and Mahayana Buddhism which spread to East Asia and focuses on helping others attain enlightenment.
3) It notes the growing popularity of mindfulness meditation in American culture and how Buddhism has been influenced by American ideals of liberalism and democracy.
history of Hinduism, beliefs, sacred texts, Yuga cycles, main deities, holidays, practices, American Hindu movements, and adoptions of some Christian narratives.
history of Hinduism, beliefs, sacred texts, Yuga cycles, main deities, holidays, practices, American Hindu movements, and adoptions of some Christian narratives.
Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is a family of linked religious cultures bound by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, pilgrimage to sacred sites and the questioning of authority.
Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is a family of linked religious cultures bound by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, pilgrimage to sacred sites and the questioning of authority.
These four vedas are in turn each divided into three parts: samhita (collections of hymns), brahmana (details of sacrifices) and upanishad (moving from ritual to
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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1. Announcements
• No classes Fri. Mar 19, and Fri. Apr 2
• Fri. classes will Zoom on Wed. Mar 17, and Wed. Mar 31
• All Classes Zoom beginning April 7 to 16.
• Final Topic “African & American Religions” CLC Presentations
2. What makes a ritual or symbol
Pagan or Christian?
4. When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down
from the mountain, the people gathered themselves
together to Aaron and said to him, “Up, make us gods
who shall go before us. As for this Moses, the man who
brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know
what has become of him.” So Aaron said to them, “Take
off the rings of gold that are in the ears of your wives,
your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.”
(Exod 32:1–2 ESV)
5. So all the people took off the rings of gold that
were in their ears and brought them to Aaron.
And he received the gold from their hand and
fashioned it with a graving tool and made a
golden calf.
(Exod 32:3–4 ESV)
6. And they said, “This is your God, O
Israel, who brought you up out of the
land of Egypt!”
7. And Aaron made a proclamation and
said, “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the
LORD (Yahweh).”
8. This is your God Eleh Elohim
Feast to the LORD Hag l’ Yahweh
11. If an unbeliever invites you to dinner and
you…go, eat whatever is set before you without
asking a question…But if someone says to you,
“Look out! This has been offered in sacrifice,”
then do not eat it, for the sake of the one who
told you, and for the sake of their conscience.
(1 Cor 10:23–28 ESV)
12. Try not to offend
Try not to cause someone to sin
15. Mark (2020) says, “The four truths are called ‘noble’ from the original
Arya meaning the same” (para. 5).
“By recognizing the Four Noble Truths and following the precepts of
the Eightfold Path, one is freed from the Wheel of Becoming” (Mark,
2020. para. 5).
References
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia.
https://www.ancient.eu/buddhism/
17. History of Buddhism
The Buddha was born Siddhartha Gautama, in Lumbini, Nepal in
563 BC (Mark, 2020, para. 1). A prophecy had been given about his birth:
According to Buddhist texts…[Gautama] would become either a powerful
king or great spiritual leader. His father, fearing he would become the latter
if he were exposed to the suffering of the world, protected him from seeing
or experiencing anything unpleasant. (Mark, 2020, para. 2)
From his early life, we learn that the Buddha must have experienced a
protected childhood leading him to inquire about the world outside.
21. Demographics
• 488 million Buddhists worldwide
• 7% of the world’s total population
• 3.86 million North America
• 4.81 million Asia
• ___ Buddhists in Phoenix
Pew Research (2012)
29. Path to Enlightenment
• Middle Path
• Freedom from Desire
• Freedom from Attachment to this world
30. From desire comes grief, from grief comes fear
One who is freed from desire knows no grief or fear
Freedom from attachment brings enlightenment
Dhammapada XVI.212-213 cited in Mark, Buddhism, 2020
31. Ashoka the Great
268 - 232 AD
Promoted Buddhism in his kingdom
Led to the spread of Buddhism
throughout Asia.
35. Problem with Life
All life is suffering
Suffering is caused by desire
Desire is wanting something we don’t get
36. Three Universal Truths
1. Impermanence - Nothing lasts forever
2. Suffering - All of life is suffering
3. Non-Self - We are a bundle of perceptions
37. Three Goals in Life
1. To be released from samsara – the cycles of reincarnation
2. To achieve Nirvana - elevated state becoming one with universe
3. To achieve Enlightenment - realization and release from desire
38. Four Noble Truths
1. Dukha - All life is suffering
2. Tanha - Cause of suffering is desire
3. Nirodha - End of suffering by letting go of desire
4. Magga - Eightfold path leads to release from desire
46. Buddhist Practices
• Meditation - focus and achieving higher state
• Chanting -reciting scriptures
• Mala - String of beads used to maintain focus
• Bowing - sign of respect
• Offerings - leaving gifts like flowers that fade and die
53. Schools of Buddhism
1. Theravada Buddhism (Tradition of the Elders)
2. Mahayana Buddhism (The Great Vehicle)
3. Vajrayana Buddhism (The Way of the Diamond)
57. Theravada Monks
• Orange (yellow) robes
• Shave their heads
• Live in Communes
• Only monks can attain nirvana
58. Theravada Monks
• Meditation
• Beg for food
• Live in Communes in a Temple
• Maintain the temple
• Teach initiates & the community
59. Theravada Goal
Only Monks can become an
Arhat (holy man). The
community supports the
monk to accomplish this goal
60. Theravada Meditation
1. Mindfulness - become aware of your body
2. Focus –on the impermanence of life
3. Focus – on non self
4. To do this empty your mind.
65. Anatta:
The non-self, or substance
lessness of the self refers to the
belief that all is impermanent. A
person’s essence is the five
aggregates. Buddha did not say
that the self does not exist. But
there is no permanent self.
69. Four Buddhas & One to Come
• Kakusandha (the first Buddha of the current bhadrakalpa)
• Koṇāgamana (the second Buddha of the current bhadrakalpa)
• Kassapa (the third Buddha of the current bhadrakalpa)
• Gautama (the fourth and present Buddha of the
current bhadrakalpa)
• Meitreya (the fifth Buddha who has not yet come)
81. Zen Buddhism
• Personal Restraint
• Mindfulness Meditation
• De-emphasizes study of the Sutras
• Emphasizes spiritual practice
• Emphasizes practice applications of Buddhism
82. Vajrayana
Way of the Diamond
Tibetan Buddhism
Uses prayer flags and metal
bowls during meditation
93. Dharma Day
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Celebrated on the full moon in July honoring Buddha’s first teaching on Dharma
94. Buddhist New Year
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Buddhist New Year is celebrated with great joy and spirit on different days in
different countries. Special food is offered to monks and nuns. Buddha statues are
bathed, houses cleaned, offerings made to ancestors, and lanterns lit to bring good
luck for the coming year. Children bow to their parents and receive red envelopes
with lucky money.
95. Kathina
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Kathina Ceremony is usually held in October. In the Theravada tradition, monks
and nuns go on a three-month retreat during the rainy season. After the retreat, lay
people offer robes and other necessities to them. This day symbolizes the close
relationship between the sangha and lay people.
96. Guan Yin Celebration
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Bodhisattva Guan Yin Celebrations: These holidays celebrate the compassion of
the Bodhisattva and are popular in China, Tibet and Nepal. The celebrations are in
the form of worship by reciting Guan Yin’s name and reflecting upon our own
compassionate
97. Ullambana
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Ullambana: On this day Buddhists make offerings of robes, bedding and daily
needs to the monks and nuns to commemorate the kindness of the Buddha’s
disciple, Maudgalyayana. The Buddha told Maudgalyayana to make offerings to
liberate his mother and others who had fallen into the realm of ghosts. This
tradition of making offerings for dead ancestors is usually observed in August or
September.
98. Wesak
(Jin Rou & Hen Sure, 2018)
Wesak or the Buddha’s birthday is the most important holiday in Buddhism. It falls
on first full moon day in May. On this day, Buddhists clean the temples and
elegantly decorate them with flowers and banners. In Mahayana countries, like
China and Japan, Buddhists pour water scented with flower petals over an image
114. Demographics of American Buddhists
• White (53%)
• Gen X & Baby Boomers (55%)
• College Education (61%)
• Make over $70,000/year (45%)
• Democrats or Politically Liberal (70%)
Pew Research (2017)
118. Beliefs of American Buddhists
• Believe in God or a Divine Being (60%)
• Pray or Meditate Daily or Weekly (66%)
• Never read the Bible (70%)
• Democrats & Liberals (70%)
• Believe in an absolute right or wrong (4%)
• There is no Hell (63%)
Was confined to the palace.
He somehow left the palace and saw
Realized he too would be sick, become old, and die
And that he life was suffering.
He had lived an entitled life
Decided to live a poor life
Nothing in life is permanent. The events that follow this moment are created by what you see, perceive, and do next.
We are a bundle of perceptions. There is no essential self. We are just a bundle of perceptions that compose what we call conciousness.
Salvation. Is a release from this cycle or reincarnations through enlightenment. The end of the karma cycle
Nothing in life is permanent. The events that follow this moment are created by what you see, perceive, and do next.
We are a bundle of perceptions. There is no essential self. We are just a bundle of perceptions that compose what we call conciousness.
Salvation. Is a release from this cycle or reincarnations through enlightenment. The end of the karma cycle
Sequentially
The path to enlightenment
Which leads to Nirvana
No god is required. One can be an atheist
It is dependent on personal effort
Driving life, at the hub of the wheel is desires
Driving life, at the hub of the wheel is desires
The realms driven round and round by the vices
The realms driven round and round by the vices
https://buddhismforkids.net/types.html
At the first council in 400
The Tripitaki, or Three Baskets were written
Writing down the teaching of the Buddha.
They became scripture
Written on palm leaf manuscripts and put in three boxes
Differences in philosophy of Buddhism
Differences in how much discipline a monk should follow
Divisions over discipline led to the split between Theravada and Hinayana-Mahayana
Differences in philosophy of Buddhism
Differences in how much discipline a monk should follow
Divisions over discipline led to the split between Theravada and Hinayana-Mahayana
Theravada Buddhism
Theravada follows the first teachings of the Buddha. The goal is to become an Arhat—an enlightened one--but not a Buddha. Only a monk or nun can be an Arhat, but through long hours of meditation and personal discipline. Theravada Buddhists revere Gautama or Buddha Shakyamuni, the Buddha of this eon. They also accept Buddha Maitreya as the future Buddha. The teachings are written in Pali and are known as the Pali Canon, or suttas. The most popular is the Metta Sutta on loving-kindness.
There are two Theravada traditions: the village monastery and the Thai forest tradition. Village monasteries are places of ceremony, prayer, community events, education and medicine. The Thai forest tradition is a life of ascetic wandering and meditation practice in the wilderness.
You are in a fish bowl
You can only perceive what your senses tell you
Therefore, all that exists is what youre senses say
Bodhisattva
Buddha in the making
He’s a reincarnation of Buddha
Who is coming in the future age
Created for the common people
Extends nonexistence to this world as well
This world doesn’t really exist either.
Created for the common people
Extends nonexistence to this world as well
This world doesn’t really exist either.
Sunyata nothing exists. It is an illusion. It is a projection of our mind
Three main Scriptures Written in Sanskrit
Called sutras
Those who follow amitabha will be reborn in the “western land”
Where monks study
Where monks study
Statue of Buddha
Offerings to him and the ancestors
Statue of Buddha
Offerings to him and the ancestors
Asalha Puja Day or Dharma Day is celebrated on the full moon in July. It honors the Buddha’s first teachings of the Dharma to the five hermits in the Deer Park at Benares. Upon hearing the Truth of his words, the five hermits overcame their doubts and became the Buddha’s first disciples--the beginning of the Buddhist sangha.
Buddhist New Year is celebrated with great joy and spirit on different days in different countries. Special food is offered to monks and nuns. Buddha statues are bathed, houses cleaned, offerings made to ancestors, and lanterns lit to bring good luck for the coming year. Children bow to their parents and receive red envelopes with lucky money.
Kathina Ceremony is usually held in October. In the Theravada tradition, monks and nuns go on a three-month retreat during the rainy season. After the retreat, lay people offer robes and other necessities to them. This day symbolizes the close relationship between the sangha and lay people.
Bodhisattva Guan Yin Celebrations: These holidays celebrate the compassion of the Bodhisattva and are popular in China, Tibet and Nepal. The celebrations are in the form of worship by reciting Guan Yin’s name and reflecting upon our own compassionate nature. The birthday of Guan Yin is celebrated on the full moon day of the 2nd lunar month, his Day of Enlightenment on the 6th lunar month and his Day of Renunciation on the 9th lunar month.
Ullambana: On this day Buddhists make offerings of robes, bedding and daily needs to the monks and nuns to commemorate the kindness of the Buddha’s disciple, Maudgalyayana. The Buddha told Maudgalyayana to make offerings to liberate his mother and others who had fallen into the realm of ghosts. This tradition of making offerings for dead ancestors is usually observed in August or September.
Wesak or the Buddha’s birthday is the most important holiday in Buddhism. It falls on first full moon day in May. On this day, Buddhists clean the temples and elegantly decorate them with flowers and banners. In Mahayana countries, like China and Japan, Buddhists pour water scented with flower petals over an image of the baby Buddha to purify their hearts.
In Theravada countries, this day is known as Wesak and marks the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death. Buddhists visit the monasteries, and take part in street processions and entertainment.
Brought Buddhist culture which fascinated Americans
Including Buddhist texts
And Chinese food