In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
BLAST AND LEAF SPOT OF FINGER MILLET or RAGI or MANDUWA or NAACHNI, प्राचीन काल से ही हमारे देश में पारम्परिक मोटे अनाज जैसे कि ज्वार, जौं, मक्का आदि का सेवन किया जाता रहा है। इन्हीं मोटे अनाजों में से एक है रागी। यह अनाज सेहत के लिए बहुत ही लाभकारी है
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
BLAST AND LEAF SPOT OF FINGER MILLET or RAGI or MANDUWA or NAACHNI, प्राचीन काल से ही हमारे देश में पारम्परिक मोटे अनाज जैसे कि ज्वार, जौं, मक्का आदि का सेवन किया जाता रहा है। इन्हीं मोटे अनाजों में से एक है रागी। यह अनाज सेहत के लिए बहुत ही लाभकारी है
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Insect pest of urd, moong and gram and their management
1. Course No. AENT – 5312
Course Title – Pests of crop and stored grain and their management
2. a. Red headed hairy caterpillar: Amsacta albistriga/
Amsacta moorei ( Arctiidae : Lepidoptera)
• Adults are medium sized moths
• Fore wings are white with brown streaks all over the wing
• Yellowish streak along the anterior margin of the fore wing
• Hind wings are white with with black markings
• A prominent yellow band is found on the head
• Predominant in South India
Amsacta albistriga
3. • Fore wings and hind wings are white in colour with dark markings
• The red streak along the anterior margin of the fore wing
• A prominent red band is found on the head
• Predominant in North India
Amsacta moorei
4. Life cycle of the pest
Egg :- Eggs are cream coloured or bright yellowin colour and
laid in groups or in clusters on the available host plants or
occasionally on the vegetation, clods of the earth, stones, dry
twigs etc., Each female lays – 600 – 700 eggs Maximum – 2300
eggs/ female I.P – 3-4 days
Larva : passes 7 instars Hairy caterpillar reddish brown with black
band on either end and having reddish brown hair all over the
body, L.P – 25-40 days
Pupa : the grown up larvae burrow the moist soiland
pupate in the earthen soil P.P- 9-10 days
5. Nature and symptoms of damage
❖ The larvae hatch from the eggs feed gregariously
by scarping the green matter or skeletonization on
the under surface of the young leaflets leaving the
upper epidermal layer intact
❖ Later feed voraciously on the leaves leaving the
petiole and midribs and main stem of the plants
❖ They march from field to field in a gregarious
manner
❖ The affected field appear as if grazed by cattle
Alternate hosts : Sorghum, Cotton, Ragi, Castor,
Cowpea, Sunflower, Sesamum etc.,
6. b.Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua
( Arctiidae : Lepidoptera )
• Adult is a medium sized moth pale buff in colour
with black spots
• Body is crimson and black spotted
7. Eggs : are laid in groups of 40-60 on the under surface of the leaves
Each female lays 500 – 1300eggs I.P – 3-4 days
Larva:the fully grown caterpillar is hairy and orange in colour with
two ends are black in colour L.p – 14-20 Days
The cocoon and pupa,
Pupa : pupation takes place in soil or dried leavesP.P- 16-22 days
8. ❖ Early instars feed gregariously by scraping the green matter
as a result skeletonization
❖ The grown up instars feed on entire leaves causes defoliation
Nature and symptom of damage
9. Management
• Deep summer ploughing.
• Avoid pre monsoon sowing.
• Use optimum seed rate.
• Adequate plant spacing should be provided
• Collect & destroy infested plant parts, egg masses and young larvae.
• Field Sanitation: Remove the infested plant parts at least once in 10 days and bury them
in compost pit to monitor and reduce the population.
• Light Trap: Install one light trap (200W mercury vapour lamp) per hectare to catch the
adults of some nocturnal pests such as hairy caterpillar (positively phototropic).
• Apply chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha or trizophos 40 EC @ 0.8 Lit/ha or quinalphos 25
EC @ 1.5 lit/ha.
• Dust Chlorpyriphos 1.5% DP quinalphos 1.5% @ 25kg/ha when the population is likely
to reach 10/m row length (ETL). Repeat it as needed.
10. Tobacco caterpillar: Spodoptera litura
( Noctuidae : Lepidoptera )
Adult is a medium sized moth
FW – are brown in colour with zigzag white markings
HW – are white in colour with brown patch along the margin
Eggs are laid in masses and covered by body hair and
laid on ventral surface of the leaf.
• After December particularly after heavy rains, heavy infestation develops
• Larvae is polyphagous and appear on ground nut crop both in vegetative
phase at the time of pod formation
11. Nature of damage
Larva fed on the leaf
❖ Early instars are gregarious and feed on chlorophyll tissues and
cause skeletonization
❖ Later instars they disperse and feed on leaf voraciously and
damaged fields looks like grazed by cattle.
❖ The larvae of 2nd and 3rd instar enter the ground pods by making a hole
near calyx and feed on ground nut seed
12. Gram pod borer: Heliocoverpa armigera
( Noctuidae : Lepidoptera )
Adult moth Caterpillar
▪ Mostly seen from November on wards when ground nut plant enters
in to reproductive phase
▪ Caterpillar feed on the leaves irregularly and thus causes defoliation
▪ Later feeds on flowers and flower buds
Caterpillar feed on the flower buds and leaves
13. ETL: 2 early instar larvae/plant 5-8 eggs/plant
• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha
• Bird perches 50/ha
• Hand picking of grown up larvae and blister beetles
• Ha NPV 1.5 x1012 POB/ha with teepol (1 ml/lit.)
• Apply any one of the following (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha)
• Dichlorvos 76 WSC 625 ml/ha
• Neem seed kernel extract 5% (31.0 kg/ha) twice followed by
• Triazophos 40 EC 780 ml/ha
• Neem oil 12.5 lit./ha
• Phosalone 35 EC 1.25 lit./ha
MANAGEMENT
14. •It occurs on redgram, horsegram and other pulses and green
manure crop like sunhemp.The larvae feed on floral parts, newly
formed pods and seeds in developing pods. Faecal pellets inside
damaged pods and small round holes on redgram pods plugged
with excreta can be noticed.
PEA POD BORER:- Etiella zinckenella
Pyralidae: Lepidoptera
15. Larval – greenish initially, turns pink before pupation.
It has 5 black spots on the prothorax
21. LIFE CYCLE:
Thepest isactive from OctobertoApril
The moths appear in October and lay upto 900 eggs on the
undersurfaceof leaves, shoots,steams or insoil.
Theeggs hatch inoneweek during summer and intwo
weeks during winter
LARVAE Full grown in 4 to 7weeks
PUPATE for two weeks in thesoil.
The life cycle is completed in 7-11weeks
There are generally two Generationsin year
22. DAMAGE:
The caterpillars come out from their breeding placesat
nightand becomeactive.
Cutting down the young plantof gram, vegetables
seedlingsetc.
Justaboveorslightly below thesurfaceof soil.
Thecutawaygram seedlings in the field are indication of
itsattack
23. CONTROL:
Cultural control:
Hand hoeing
Clean cultivation should bedone
The bait is placed in small heap in the infested field in the evening
Mechanical control:
Trapping the moths by lighttraps
Hand picking
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
The pest is control by insectpredators
CHEMICAL CONTROL:
Spray CYPERMETHRIN+MONOCROTOPHOS EC 500ml/acre
It is also control by using poisonedBRAN MASH
