Lemon Butterfly ;Citrus Psylla ;Citrus Leaf miner ;Citrus Whitefly ;Citrus Mite ;Citrus thrips ;Aphids ;Fruit Flies ;Mealybug ;Fruit Sucking Moths ;Bark Borer

1. INSECT PEST OF CITRUS IN
INDIA

2. CITRUS
The genus citrus includes a large number of wild and
cultivated species which inhabits both the tropical
and sub-tropical countries

3. • Several wild species of citrus are indigenous to India
• Some have been brought from other countries and
are now cultivated in Indian soil
• Kagzi lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) and Pomelo (C.
grandis) have been brought from South-East Asia,
Sweet orange and Malta (C. sinensis) from South
China and Grapefruit (C. paradisi) from West Indies
• India ranks fifth in the production of citrus fruit in
the world
• The important citrus fruits producing states are
Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra
• Large number of insect pests and mites has been
reported from throughout the world which causes
damage to citrus plants
• In India about 250 species of insects have been
identified as pest

4. MAJOR INSECTPESTOF CITRUS IN INDIA
Lemon Butterfly Papilio demoleus
Citrus Psylla Diaphorina citri
Citrus Leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella
Citrus Whitefly Dialeurodes citri
Citrus Mite Eutetranychus orientalis
Citrus thrips Scirtothrips citri
Aphids Toxoptera citricida,Myzus persicae and
Aphis gossypii
Fruit Flies Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis
Mealybug Planococcus citri
Fruit Sucking Moths Eudocima fullonia and Eudocima maternal
Bark Borer Inderbela tetraonis

5. 1. LEMON BUTTERFLY- Papiliodemoleus
(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera)
o It is the most destructive pest in nurseries
o The caterpillars feed voraciously on leaf lamina
leaving behind only the midrib
o Incase of severe infestation, entire tree is defoliated
Management: Hand picking of the larvae and spraying
with Monocrotophos (1.5 ml/litre of water)
LARVAE ADULTPUPAE

6. 2. Citrus Psylla - Diaphorinacitri
(Psyllidae:Hemiptera)
o Both the adults and nymphs of this pest suck the sap
from the tender parts of the buds, leaves, branches
and injects a toxic substance into them
o Nymphs excrete white crystalline waxy pellets on
which black sooty mould develop which reduces the
photosynthetic area
o Vector for spreading'citrus greening' disease
ADULT CITRUS GREENINGNYMPH

7. Management of Citrus Psylla:
i. A number of natural enemies such as species of
coccinellids and ladybird beetles attack the nymphs
of citrus psylla
ii. Spray the plants with Phosphamidon (0.025%) and
Parathion (0.025%)
iii. Also application of Monocrotophos (0.025%) or
Malathion (0.03%) or Dimethoate (1.5%) is useful
during March or with the appearance of the pest and
again in the first week of September

8. 3. Citrus Leaf miner - Phyllocnistiscitrella
(Gracillaridae:Lepidoptera)
o Causes damage both in nursery and in grown up stages
o Affected leaves turn pale yellow, get distorted and
crumpled. Such leaves gradually dry and die away
o The attack of this pest also encourages the development
of citrus canker disease
Management:
i. Pruning of all the affected parts during winter
ii. Spraying plant with Methyl Demeton (0.03%) and
Phosphamidon (0.035%)
ADULT AFFECTED LEAF

9. 4. Citrus Whitefly - Dialeurodescitri
(Aleurodidae: Hemiptera)
o Nymph and adults suck the sap of the plants
o Secretes honeydew due to which sooty mould
develops on the leaves
o Fruits turn black in colour and have insipid taste
Management: Drench the trees with sufficient solution
of Monocrotophos(1.5 ml/L) or Phosphamidon(0.7
ml/L) or Acephate (0.8 ml/L)
NYMPH ADULT BLACKENING OF LEAVES

10. 5. Citrus Mite - Eutetranychusorientalis
o The mites damage the fruits by causing russetting
and renders the fruits unfit for export
o Insects feed on leaves and produce multiple grey
spots
o The affected leaves defoliate
Management: Mites can be controlled by application of
Dicofol(1.5 ml/L) or Wettable Sulphur (3.0 g/L) or
Monocrotophos (1.5 ml/L)
AFFECTED FRUITSCITRUS RED MITE

11. 6. Citrus thrips - Scirtothripscitri
(Thripidae: Thysanoptera)
o Causes damage to flowers, leaves and young & grown-up
fruits by lacerating, rasping and sucking the cell sap.
Flowers dry up and shrivel
o Leaves become cup shaped, leathery, distorted and wrinkled
o Silvery-white irregular patches and a circular ring
appear around the neck of fruit
Management: Spray 1250 ml Hostathion 40 EC (triazophos) or
1000 ml Metasystox 25 EC (oxydemeton methyl)
AFFECTED FRUIT AFFECTED LEAVESADULT

12. 7. Aphids - Toxopteracitricida,MyzuspersicaeandAphis
gossypii (Aphididae: Hemiptera)
o Nymphs and adults suck sap from tender leaves and
shoots
o Affected leaves turn yellow, get curled, deformed
and dry up. Plant growth is stunted
o Sooty mould produced on honeydew excreted by
aphids
o Vector of citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Management: Spray plants with Parathion (0.03%) and
Malathion (0.03%)
BLACK APHID SOOTY MOULDAFFECTED LEAVESPEACH GREEN APHID

13. 8. Fruit Flies - BactrocerazonataandB.Dorsalis
(Tephritidae: Diptera)
The female adult fruit fly punctures the ripening fruits and
lays eggs inside. On hatching, the maggots feed on the
pulp
Infested fruit shows many dark green depressions due to
punctures caused by insertion of ovipositor by female
fly. Later on, the damaged area around the punctures
become enlarged and yellow
On squeezing the infested fruit, a number of jets of juice
come out, as there are many holes on a single fruit
ADULT AFFECTED FRUIT

14. Management of fruitfly:
i. Collection and destruction of infested fruits
reduces the insect population.
ii. Use of flytraps containing 1% Methyl Eugenol and
0.5% Malathion mixed with sugar syrup

15. CONCLUSION
By following the management practises well, we can
reduce insect-pest infestation significantly to a level
below the economic injury level (EIL) and thereby
improving the overall crop growth and yield
Also, mechanical and biological control should be made
more preferable than the chemical method, unless
necessary

16. THANK YOU