For Bsc Students

1. PESTS OF GRAPE
Crop: Grapes
S.N: Vitis vinifera
Family: Vitaceae

2.  It is one of the important commercial crops grown in different
climatic zones of the world for table delicacies and wine
preparation.
 It is grown in 64,300ha with annual production of 1.63 million
tones.
 India has record for highest productivity (25.4 t/ha) in the
world.
 In India Maharashtra is the leading state both in terms of area
(45.1 thousand ha) and production (1275 thousand MT)
followed by Karnataka (10.4 thousand ha and 193.2 thousand
MT )

3. I. Stem girdler
Stem girdler, Sthenias grisator
Grape vein beetle, Sinoxylon anale
II. Leaf feeders
Flea beetle, Scelodonta strigicollis
Leaf roller, Sylepta lunalis
Sphingid, Hippotion celerio
III. Sap feeders
Thrips, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus
Mealy bug, Ferrisia virgata
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Berry plume moth, Oxyptilus regulus

4. 1. Stem girdler, Sthenias grisator
F: Cerambycidae; O: Coleoptera
 Besides grapevine, this insect also infests
apple, citrus, mango.
 Adult – Medium sized, stout beetle, grey
coloured with a white spot in the centre of
each elytra which girdles (ringing) the vine as
a pre –ovipositional operation resulting in
drying up of regions beyond the cut.
 Eggs are inserted under the bark in cuts made by the beetle on
the girdled vines.
 1-4 eggs are laid at one place.
 Egg period is 8 days.

5. 5
Stem girdler, Sthenias grisator

6.  Grub - Head is dark brown colour, pair of
strong mandibles.
The grub tunnels in to the wood and
completes its life cycle within the stem.
 Pupation takes place within the tunnel.
Symptoms of damage
Wilting of branches and then the entire vine.
Cane girdler injury

7. Management
•Remove loose bark at the time of pruning to prevent egg laying
•Cutting attacked branches below girdling point and burning
• Applying dichlorvos in the holes or placing half a tablet of
aluminium phosphide in to the hole and closing it with mud are
recommended.
• Swab trunk with Malathion 2g/ lit
•Spray application of following insecticides
•phosalone 35 EC 0.07%
•quinalphos 25 EC 0.05%
• Malathion
first round immediately after pruning and repeat it 2-3 times

8. Grape vein beetle, Sinoxylon anale
Adult - dark-brown colour with a pair of spines on the
posterior end of the elytra.
Grub - fleshly, thick yellowish and white with curved body
Symptoms of damage
•Wilting of branches and then the entire vine
MANAGEMENT
Remove the loose bark at the time of pruning to prevent egg
laying
Chlorophyll or quinalphos 2ml/l.

9. Grapevine Flea Beetle, Scelodonta strigicollis
(Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)
 It is the most destructive pest of grapevine all over India.
 Adult is a shiny flea beetle with a metallic bronze colour
and six black patches on the elytra and is 4.5 mm long.
 The adults are very destructive during Sep - Nov
particularly when the vines put forth new flush after
pruning.
 The beetles feed on the sprouting buds and eat them
completely without allowing them to develop.
 They feed on mature leaves cutting elongated holes on
the leaf lamina like shot holes.
 The damage results in Complete fed sprouting buds.
 Shot holes (rectangular cuttings) on mature leaves.

10. Caused two type of damages
Larvae and adults feed on the upper and lower leaf surfaces
– leaf injury
Adult feed on swollen grape buds
Chew holes in the sides of the newly developing grape buds
Small holes on tender leaves by adult
Root damage by grub

11. Adult beetles hibernate during winter under tree bark and
become active from March till November.
 Adults have characteristic habit of falling down and feigning death
when disturbed.
The females lay eggs about one month after emergence and
continue from middle of March to middle of October.
Eggs are laid beneath the bark in groups of 20-40.
A female lays about 220-569 eggs in 10-14 installments during its
life of 8 -12 months.

12.  Egg period is 4 days.
 On hatching small, dirty white grubs drop down to the water
basin and burrow into the soil and feed on the cortical layer of
roots not causing any appreciable damage.
 Larval period is 6 -7 weeks.
 Pupation takes place in an earthen cell and the pupal period is 7-
11 days.
 Total life history takes 52 -54 days.

13. MANAGEMENT
1. Remove the loose bark at the time of pruning to prevent egg
laying
2. Removal of loose bark in rainy season after pruning to expose
and eliminate eggs and adults found underneath
3. Shake vines to dislodge adult beetles. Collect into trays
containing kerosenated water and destroy them
4. First spraying when buds swell in early morning or evening
hours to kill beetles and second spray after 10 days with
monocrotophos 1.6 ml/l or carbaryl 3.0 g/l or imidachloprid 0.3
ml/l or quinalphos 2ml/l.

14. Leaf roller, Sylepta lunalis
(Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)
Adult - Brownish moth with wavy line.
Larva - Pale green with short hairs.
Symptoms of damage
 Caterpillar - rolling of leaves.
 Scraping the chlorophyll content
inside the leaf roll
 Skeletonization of leaves
Scrabbing of leaves Skeletonization

15. Sphingid, Hippotion celerio
(Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)
Adult - Robust, red and brown coloured moth.
Larva - Stout and green with an anal horn.
Symptoms of damage
Defoliation.
Management
Any contact insecticides

16. Grapevine Thrips
Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus
Thripidae: Thysanoptera
 Most destructive pest of grapevine in India.
 It also feeds on rose, jasmine, cashew and other fruit trees.
 Adults are minute, pale, blackish brown abdomen and yellowish wings
found on the underside of leaves.
 Reproduction is either with or without fertilization.
 Fertilized eggs give rise to female and unfertilized ones to male.
 Adults appear in March and lay eggs on the underside of leaves by making
slits in leaf tissue, placing one egg in each slit.
 About 50 eggs are laid by each female. The egg is dirty white and bean
shaped.
 Eggs hatch in 3 -8 days.

17.  Young nymphs on hatching feed on the under surface of leaves.
 Nymphs yellowish brown colour and red colour abdomen
 Both the nymphs and adults lacerate tender foliage and suck
the oozing sap.
 The attacked leaves appear silvery initially and later turn brown
and give withered appearance, curl up and drop off the plants.
 Severely affected vines do not bear fruits.
 If fruits are attacked, they develop corky layer on the fruits and
turn brown.

18. Infestation results in
 Silvery patches on the affected leaves.
 Brown corky patches on fruits (scab)
 Nymphal period is 9 -20 days
 Pupation on leaves and pupae possess locomotion and crawls
when disturbed.
 Pupal period is 2 -5 days.

19. MANAGEMENT
1. Removal of weeds in and around garden.
2. Cutting of infested branches and burning.
3· Spraying dimethoate 2ml/l or methyl demeton 2.0 ml/l or
thiamethoxam 0.25 g/l or Spinosad 45% EC @ 1 ml/l

20. Tailed Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata
Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera
Host range
Cotton, Bhendi, Jute, Tobacco, Betel vine, Tomato, Amaranthus,
Sapota, Guava, Pomegranate
Adult - Females apterous, long, slender covered with white
waxy secretions .
Female has long filaments on the posterior end of the
body
Biology
Egg period: 3-4 hours. 185 - 409 eggs/ female
Nymph: 26-47 days. Yellowish to pale white
Female longevity: 36-53 days. Male: 1-3 days
.

21. Symptoms of damage
 Premature dropping of fruit.
 nymphs and adults on leaves & twigs
 Yellowing of older leaves
 Stunted growth & Sooty mould

22. Management
1. Debark vines and branches and apply methyl parathion paste
2. Collect damaged bark, leaves, twigs and stems and destroy
3. Use sticky traps on fruit – bearing shoots at a length of 5 cm
4. Use dichlorvos 76 WSC 0.15% in combination with fish oil rosin
soap (25g/l)
5. Soil application of aldicarb 10 G/ vine around the base at time of
pruning
6. Release exotic predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10
beetles/vine
7. Field release of parasitoids -Anagrus dactylopii, Gyanusoidea
mirzai

23. GRAPEVINE MEALY BUG
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera
 It is a serious pest on grapevine varieties
having compact fruit bunches like Thompson
seedless.
 Anab – e – shahi with loose bunches is less
infested.
 Clusters of mealy bugs with white mealy
mass suck the sap from fruits
 Such berries or fruits unfit for consumption.
 Rotting of berries
Pink mealy bug

24. They also feed on stems and foliage resulting
I. Sooty mould development that affects photosynthesis and
final yield.
II. Malformation of growing shoots and leaves.
III. Crinkling and yellowing of leaves

25. 25

26. MANAGEMENT
1. Clearing mealy bug clusters on stem using gunny cloth
2. Releasing 8-10 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri /each tree.
3. Removal of loose bark and paste mixture of Malathion 6 g +
COC 10 g + neem oil 1ml+ gum 1ml on the stem and branches.
4. Spraying of dichlorvos 1.0 ml/l or methomyl 1.0 g/l
5. Applying sticky bands like greeze or sticky tapes around stem,
stalks of branches to prevent crawlers from reaching young
shoots.
6. Dipping grape bunches in a solution of DDVP 1.5ml + soap 2.5g
+ water 1 litre for 30 seconds is also suggested.

27. GRAPEVINE STEM BORER, Coelosterna scabrator
(Cerambycidae: Coleoptera)
The insect is a borer, the grub of which bores in to stem and
branches and causes drying and withering of affected
branches.
Initially reddish sap oozes from wounds, chewed particles of
wood are seen on
the ground just below the site of damage

28. Management:
1. Removal of loose bark in pre monsoon period, later painting
bark with chlorophos suspension is recommended.
2. Applying dichlorvos in the holes and closing it with mud or
Placing half tablet of alumunium phosphide in to the hole
and closing it.

29. Berry plume moth, Oxyptilus regulus
Adult - Small moth.
Larva - Small, pale green or pink with
median red line.
Symptoms of damage
 Early instar larvae web the flower buds
 Matured larvae attack bunch of fruit
 Caterpillar bore into green berry and
tunnels.
 Feeds on internal content
 Affected berries – known as “stung
berries”
Larva attack grape bunch
Affected berries (stung berries)

30. Management
1. Collect and destroy the infested leaves and buried with
soil
2. Summer ploughing – kill the pupae
3. Use pheromone trap to attract male and kill the adult
4. Spot application of bubrofezin 2ml/l and acetemprid
0.30ml/l for effective management of this pest

31. LEAF EATING CATERPILLARS
Spodoptera litura
S. exigua Noctuidae,
Lepidoptera
Helicoverpa armigera
Euproctis sp. Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera
Their incidence is sporadic.
Caterpillars feed on grapevine leaves
voraciously.
Control: Foliar sprays with Malathion 2m/l are
recommended.
White Grub Or Root Grub; Holotrichia consanguinea, H. Serrata,