Slides presented May 11, 2011 at the live webinar titled Elder Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation and presented by Dr. Paula Kupstas and Lisa Furr (discussion moderated by Dr. Ayn Welleford) - view the full recording at www.alzpossible.org
Heat-related illness and injuries are the most frequent cause of environmentally related death, occurring more often than illness or injury related to lightning, tornado, hurricane, flood, cold, and winter-related fatalities.
Such illnesses and injury range from minor conditions such as heat rash, edema, cramps and fainting to moderate conditions such as heat exhaustion. Heat stroke is a major heat emergency, representing complete breakdown of the body's ability to regulate its temperature.
Presentation prepared by John W. Lyng, MD, FACEP, NREMT-P. Dr Lyng is Medical Director or North Memorial Ambulance & Air Care and an Emergency Department Physician at North Memorial Medical Center in Minneapolis.
Slides presented May 11, 2011 at the live webinar titled Elder Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation and presented by Dr. Paula Kupstas and Lisa Furr (discussion moderated by Dr. Ayn Welleford) - view the full recording at www.alzpossible.org
Heat-related illness and injuries are the most frequent cause of environmentally related death, occurring more often than illness or injury related to lightning, tornado, hurricane, flood, cold, and winter-related fatalities.
Such illnesses and injury range from minor conditions such as heat rash, edema, cramps and fainting to moderate conditions such as heat exhaustion. Heat stroke is a major heat emergency, representing complete breakdown of the body's ability to regulate its temperature.
Presentation prepared by John W. Lyng, MD, FACEP, NREMT-P. Dr Lyng is Medical Director or North Memorial Ambulance & Air Care and an Emergency Department Physician at North Memorial Medical Center in Minneapolis.
Week- 89By Dr. Abdulaziz Choudhry HM–604R21MikeEly930
Week- 8/9
By Dr. Abdulaziz Choudhry
HM–604
R21/R22
Email: [email protected]
Critical Issues for Event Safety
It is better to be safe than sorry.
—AMERICAN PROVERB
IN THIS CHAPTER, WE WILL EXPLORE:
Pedestrian safety
Bites and stings
Food safety
Drinking water quality
Lighting
Parking lot safety
Electrical storms and lightning
Electrical and gas safety
It is difficult to make a theoretical distinction between issues of safety and issues of security. In both cases, there is risk; in both cases, an incident causes similar outcomes. Figure 6.1 shows the similarities in dealing with both safety and security risks.
This chapter explores a number of topics that may not be as “exciting” as other security topics, but they are equally as important. In fact, while there is a minimal probability that most event participants may be confronted with an act of terrorism, almost every event attendee will have to deal with issues such as pedestrian safety and the quality of the water that he or she consumes.
Pedestrian Safety
Pedestrian safety is a major problem and requires careful attention. we discussed some of the theoretical reasons that people who are away from home are often less cautious. When it comes to pedestrian safety issues. For example, people at events may:
Be in a party or jovial mood and thus are distracted while walking
Walk in groups and tend to talk while walking
Consume alcohol and thus their faculties may be impaired
Need special help while crossing the street or dealing with internal pathways
Stay in multiple hotels, may suffer from issues of anomie, and may not be familiar with local signage, pedestrian laws, and driver responsibilities or lack of responsibilities
In addition, a greater number of children attend conventions and meetings with their parents, and some parents may pay less attention to their children’s needs than is desirable.
People at fairs, meetings, conventions, and sports events often exhibit the same sociological patterns as children. All too often, delegates/attendees take unfortunate risks when crossing streets or walking along the side of streets or on paths.
The American Automobile Association (AAA) Web site notes that: “More than half of all pedestrian deaths and injuries occur when people cross or enter streets while one-third occur between intersections. Both driver and pedestrian errors contribute to these accidents” (http://www.csaa.com/about/education/pedestrian.asp rights).
Furthermore, pedestrians very much live according to the old Spanish proverb,
“if the rock hits the pitcher or the pitcher hits the rock, it is still too bad for the pitcher.”
To help save lives, use these simple but effective techniques:
When possible, have people walk on the sidewalks. In rural areas where there are no sidewalks, risk managers may want to create walking paths along the side of the road. Make sure that pedestrians walk facing traffic, so they can see on-coming ...
Road Traffic and Safety: Pre-Hospital CareAmit Agrawal
Trauma is the leading cause of death of young people (15-29 years)
Costs countries between 1–3% of their gross national product
Considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole
The Medicine in Remote Areas (MIRA) Manual is a comprehensive guide designed for medical professionals, emergency responders, and individuals operating in isolated and challenging environments. This manual provides essential knowledge and practical skills necessary for delivering effective medical care where traditional medical resources and immediate evacuation are not readily available.
Expertly crafted, the MIRA Manual covers a wide range of topics, including emergency response planning, trauma management, illness diagnosis, and long-term care in remote settings. Readers will find detailed sections on environmental medicine, addressing challenges such as extreme weather conditions, and wilderness first aid techniques. The manual also delves into specific medical conditions and injuries that are likely to be encountered in remote areas, offering step-by-step procedures for treatment and stabilization.
Ideal for expedition medics, military personnel, remote site workers, and adventure enthusiasts, the MIRA Manual is an invaluable resource for anyone responsible for providing medical care in off-grid locations. It combines theoretical knowledge with practical approaches, ensuring that readers are well-equipped to handle a variety of medical situations in remote settings.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Injury Prevention
Morbidity/Mortality in the U.S.
Leading Killers & Causes of Disability
Recognizing Emergencies
The Cardiac Chain of Survival
Emergency Action Steps (check,call,care)
Rescue Breathing/CPR/Choking
Other Preventable Accidents
3. Injury Prevention
Intentional versus Unintentional Injuries
Major Public Health Problem in U.S.
Unintentional Injuries are the leading
cause of death for the population under
44 years old
Accidents are the 5th
leading cause of
death in this country
4. Vehicle Safety
16-24 years old highest death rate
Inexperience and Immaturity
In 2002, 38,309 died in auto crashes
Each year 1.9 million are disabled (140,000
permanently)
Prevention: Risk Management
1 car length for every 10mph, constantly scan around
you for new variables (drivers, road conditions,
weather, signs), drive w/low beams, drive
refreshed/sober, obey traffic laws, use seat belts, AAA
accident-avoidance techniques, when buying a car
look for safety technology, stay in car when in breaks
down
5. Pedestrian Safety
13% of all motor vehicle deaths involve pedestrians
82,000 pedestrians injured each year
Very young & elderly have the highest death rates
High risk situations – after dark, urban setting,
intersections w/blind corners
Alcohol not a variable
Prevention – wear reflective material/clothing, cross
only at crosswalks, look both ways, watch for turning
cars, walk facing traffic, don’t wear headphones
6. Cyclist safety
63 million Americans ride bikes
800 cyclists die each year
Biggest risk factors – not wearing a helmet (ANSI approved),
riding after dark, children 10-14 years highest risk for injury, 87%
of fatal collisions are due to cyclist error – failure to yield, alcohol
plays a significant role in cyclists death/injuries
Prevention – wear a helmet (ANSI approved), 85% of head
trauma due to not wearing a helmet, don’t drink & ride, respect
traffic, don’t assume right of way, know and use proper hand
signals, keep bicycle in proper working condition, ride w/the flow
of traffic, use bike paths when you can, same laws apply to
drivers and cyclist so share the road, stop at stop signs and red
lights
7. Water safety
3rd
most common cause of accidental death
85% of victims are teenage males
Usually strong swimmers but they choose bad situations
Risk factors – alcohol consumption, unorganized, unsupervised
conditions, swimming alone, diving into shallow, murky water
Prevention – don’t drink alcohol and swim, you should be able to
swim at least 50 feet unassisted, know your limitations, never
swim alone, don’t leave children/infants unattended in water
(pools or bath tubs) even if it is shallow you can drown in 1” of
water, most neck and back injuries result from diving into shallow
water, careful when getting into a pool or other water source if it is
raining so hard you can’t see the bottom of the pool, river
currents. If you have a pool party hire a lifeguard.
Awareness of people who have conditions where they might lose
consciousness (epileptics, diabetics, drug use)
9. Heart Attack Signals
Pale, clammy, SOB
Faint, anxious, feeling
that death is imminent
Tachycardia, thready
pulse, low BP
Chest pain > 2 min.
Radiating pain,
pressure, discomfort in
arm, jaw and back
EKG might detect
elevation of ST segment
and Q wave
ALOC – altered level of
consciousness measured
using Glasgow Coma
Scale
Nausea/Vomiting
Gastrointestinal Distress
Activate E.M.S. as soon as
possible. Forty percent of
people die within the first
hour of a heart attack.
10. Heart Attack Trivia
70% of heart attacks take place at home
30% of heart attacks outside of home
Most heart attacks occur Monday mornings
Men and post-menopausal women are at
highest risk
Men deny they are having a heart attack
Women are treated for gastric or gynecology
problems – treatment delayed because
women present different s/s for heart attacks –
Women’s Health Initiative 1991
11. The Cardiac Chain of Survival
The United States
Chain of Survival has 4
links:
1. Early Recognition and
access 911
2. Early CPR
3. Early Defibrillation
4. Early ACLS
The Canadian Chain
of Survival has 7
links:
1. Healthy Habits –
prevention of risk
factors
2. Recognition of problem
3. Early 911
4. Early CPR
5. Early Defibrillation
6. Early ACLS
7. Early Rehabilitation
12. Adult, Child, Infant CPR
Key point: supply what is missing
A – airway (head tilt, chin lift)
B – breathing(10cc/kg/min)
C – circulation(30 compressions: 2 breaths)
D – defibrillation Adult and Child Only – Do Not Use
AED on Infants (“I’m clear, your clear, we’re all clear”) AED will
shock for 2 rhythms 1. ven. Fib 2. pulseless ven. Tach.
13. Emergency Action Steps
Check
check the scene, then check victim
Call
have someone call 911 and have them get
back to you – make eye contact
Care
ABC’s – A=airway, B=breathing,
C=circulation
14. Primary / Secondary Survey
Primary Survey – ABC’s –
This is YOUR job when you are CPR
certified
Secondary Survey – Head to Toe check
This is your job if you are First Aid certified
or an EMT or paramedic or advanced
medical personnel
15. Reasons to STOP CPR
When the scene becomes unsafe
You detect signs of circulation
An AED becomes available
You are too exhausted to continue
Another trained person takes over CPR
EMS personnel arrive and take over