The document discusses inheritance in object-oriented programming. It defines inheritance as creating new classes from existing classes, where the new class inherits properties and behaviors. It describes different types of inheritance including single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance. It also discusses access specifiers like public, private, and protected inheritance and how they affect accessibility. The diamond problem that can occur with hybrid inheritance is also summarized.

1. INHERITENCE
SUBMITTED BY:
R.RAMADEVI
M.Sc(CS&IT)
NSCAS

2. SYNOPSIS
 INHERITANCE DEFINITION
 SYNTAX INACCESS SPECIFIERS
 PUBLIC INHERITANCE
 PROTECTED INHERITANCE
 PRIVATE INHERITANCE
 TYPES OF INHERITANCE
 SINGLE INHERITANCE
 MULIPLE INHERITANCE
 MULITLEVE INHERITANCE
 HIERARCHICAL INHERITANCE
 HYBRID INHERITANCE
 DIAMOND INHERITANCE

3. INHERITANCE DEFINITION
• Derived quality and characteristics from parents or ancestors
• Like you inherit features of your parents
For example :
“she had inherited the beauty of her Mother”
• Inheritance in object oriented programming can be described as a process of
creating new class from exiting classes
• New classes inheritance some of the properties and behavior of the existing
classes

4. • An existing class that is “parent” of a new class is called a base class
• New class that inherits properties of the base class is called a derived class
• Inheritance is a technique of code reuse
• It also provides possibility to extend existing classes by creating derived
classes

5. SYNTAX
• The basic syntax of inheritance is:
class derived class : access specified base class
• Access specified can be public , protected and private
• The default access specified is private
• Access specified affect accessibility of data member of bass class from
the derived class

6. INHERITANCE ACCESS SPECIFIERS
PUBLIC INHERITANCE
• This inheritance mode is used mostly
• In this the protected member of base class becomes protected members of
derived class and public become public
• Drived class of derived classes:
• If we are inheriting a derived class using a public inheriting as shows below
class B:public A
class C:public B

7. • Then public and protected members of class A will be accessible in class
C as public and protected respectively
PROTECTED INHERITANCE
• In protected mode the public and protected members of base class
becomes protected members of derived class
Example:
class derived class: protected base class

8. • If we are inheritance a derived class using a public inheritance as shown
below
class B:protected A
class C:protected B
• Then public and protected member of class
• A will be accessible in class c as protected

9. PRIVATE INHERITENCE
• In private mode the public and protected member of base class become private members
of derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
class derived class : private base class
class derived class : base class
• If we are inheriting a derived class using a public inheritance as shows below
FOR EXAMPLE:
class B : private A
class C : private B

10. TYPES OF INHERITANCE
• There are different type of inheritance
 Single inheritance
Multiple inheritance
Multilevel inheritance
Hierarchical inheritance
Hybrid(virtual) inheritance

11. SINGLE INHERITANCE
• Single inheritance represents a from of inheritance when there is only one
base class and one derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
A class describes a person

12. SINGLE INHERITANCE PROGRAM

13. • We want to create new class student which should have the same
information as person class plus one new information about uninersity
• In this case we can create a derived should have the same information as
person class plus one new information about university
• we can create a derived class student

14. • If you want to call the parameterized(user defined)
• Constructor of a base class from a derived class then you need to write a
parameterized constructor of a derived class as below
• We can access member function of base class from a derived class
FOR EXAMPLE:
• We can create a new print() function in a derived class that uses printf()
member function of a base class

15. MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
Multiple inheritance represents a kind of inheritance when a derived class
inherits properties of multiple classes
FOR EXAMPLE:
• There are three classes A ,Band C and derived class is D as shows below
Class A Class B Class c
Class D

16. MULTIPLE INHERITANCE PROGRAM
• class derived class : access specified
• base class 1.base class 2..base class n
• You can create a new class that will
• Inherit all the properties of all these
class

17. SYNTAX

18. MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE
 Multilevel inheritance represents a type of inheritance when a derived class
is a base class for another class
 In other words deriving a class from a derived class is know as multilevel
inheritance
 Simple multilevel inheritance is shown in below image
 Where class A is a parent of class B and class B is a parent of class C

19. MULILEVEL INHERITANCE EXAMPLE

20. • As you can see class person is the base class of both
student employee classes
• At the same time class student is the basic
class for IT student and math student classes
• Employee is the base class for derived and
engineer classes

21. HIERARCHICAL INHERTANCE
• When there is a need to create multiple derived classes that inheritance
properties of the same base class is known as hierarchical inheritance

22. EXAMPLE PROGRAM

23. HYBRID INHERITANCE
• Combination of multilevel and hierarchical inheritance will give you hybrid
inheritance
CLASS A
CLASS B CLASS C
CLASS D

24. DIAMOND PROBLEM
• When you have a hybrid inheritance then a diamond problem may arise
• In this problem a derived class will have multiple paths to a base
• This will result in duplicate inheritance member of the base class
• This kind of problem is known as diamond problem

25. DIAMOND DIAGRAM
GRANDPARENT
CHILD 1 CHILD 2
GRANDSONS

26. VIRTUAL INHERITANCE
Child classes in this case should
inheritance grandparent class by
using Virtual inheritance

27. THANK YOU!!!