The document provides an overview of inheritance in C++, a key feature of object-oriented programming, detailing its definition, types (single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, and hybrid), and the functionality of protected members. It includes syntax and code examples to illustrate different inheritance types and constructors in derived classes. The material serves as a foundational guide for understanding how classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes in C++.

1. Prepared By :
Abdullah Salih
Fatima Muhammed karim
Sawsan Jasim Muhammed
Rebin Faisal Wasman
Rozhgar Muhsin
Supervised By :
Dr. Chiman Haidar
Erbil Polytechnic University
ICTE Department
Programming Language ll
2023-2024

2. Structure Of Presentation
• WhatisInheritance?
• WhatisProtected?
• TypesOfInheritance
• Example
• ConstructorinInheritance

3. What is Inheritance?
• Inheritance is one of the key features of Object-oriented
programming in C++. It allows us to create a
new class (derived class) from an existing class (base
class).
• Base Class A base class is a class that is created
with the intention of deriving other classes from it.

4. Syntax & Example 1
• Syntax :
class nameclass1
{
};
class nameclass2 : public
nameclass2
{
};

5. protected Members
• The access modifier protected is especially relevant when it
comes to C++ inheritance.
• Like private members, protected members are inaccessible
outside of the class. However, they can be accessed
by derived classes and friend classes/functions.
• We need protected members if we want to hide the data of a
class, but still want that data to be inherited by its derived
classes.

6. protected Members

7. Types Of Inheritance
Single
Inheritance
Multilevel
Inheritance
Multiple
Inheritance
Hierarchical
Inheritance
Hybird
Inheritance

8. 1. Single Inheritance
• In a single inheritance the derived class is derived from a single base
class.
class Animal
{
// eat() function
// sleep() function
};
class Dog : public Animal
{
// bark() function
};
Example:

9. 2. Multilevel Inheritance
• In C++ programming, a class be can derived from a derived class
which is known as multilevel inheritance.
class A
{ .... ... .... };
class B : public A
{ .... ... .... };
class C : public B
{ .... ... .... };
Example:

10. 3. Multiple Inheritance
• It is the inheritance hierarchy wherein one derived class inherits
from multiple base class(es).
class A
{ .... ... .... };
class B
{ .... ... .... };
class C : public A ,public B
{ .... ... .... };
Example:

11. 4. Hierarchical Inheritance
• In hierarchical inheritance several classes can be derived
from a single base class.
class A
{ .... ... .... };
class B :public A
{ .... ... .... };
class C : public A
{ .... ... .... };
class D : public A
{ .... ... .... };
Example:

12. 5. Hybrid Inheritance
• The inheritance hierarchy that reflects any legal combination of
other four types of inheritance.
class A
{ .... ... .... };
class B :public A
{ .... ... .... };
class C : public A
{ .... ... .... };
class D : public B , public C
{ .... ... .... };
Example:

13. Constructer in Inheritance
class Base
{
public:
Base ()
{ cout << "Default of Base" << endl;
}
Base (int x)
{ cout << "Param of Base " << x <<
endl;}
};
Example:
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
Derived ()
{
cout << "Default of Derived" << endl;
}
Derived (int a)
{
cout << "Param of Derived : " << a <<
endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Derived d(5);
}

14. Constructer in Inheritance
class Base
{ public:
Base ()
{ cout << "Default of Base" << endl; }
Base (int x) { cout << "Param of Base " << x << endl; }
};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
Derived ()
{ cout << "Default of Derived" << endl; }
Derived (int a)
{ cout << "Param of Derived : " << a << endl; }
Derived(int x, int a) : Base(x) { cout << "Param of Derived " << a; } };
Example:
int main()
{ Derived d(25, 15);
}