An infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver fluids, including medications and nutrients, to patients in controlled amounts in various clinical settings. It can be used for applications such as chemotherapy, pain management, and total parenteral nutrition, with types including syringe pumps and patient-controlled analgesia pumps. Proper patient preparation and monitoring are essential, alongside accurate drug calculations for medication administration via the infusion pump.

1. INFUSION PUMP
MS. SONAM SHARMA
ASST. PROFESSOR

2. INTRODUCTION
An infusion pump is a medical device that delivers fluids, such as
nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled
amounts. Infusion pumps are commonly used in clinical settings
such as hospitals, nursing homes, and in the home. They are used to
administer a variety of fluids, including intravenous (IV)
medications, blood transfusions, and total parenteral nutrition
(TPN). Infusion pumps can deliver fluids at precisely programmed
rates and volumes, which is critical for therapies that require
accurate dosing over specific time periods.

3. DEFINITION
Infusion pumps are devices that are used to deliver
therapeutic fluids which can be either medication or
nutrients at a predetermined rate.

4. PURPOSE
• Accurate Medication Delivery
• Administration of Nutritional Support
• Continuous Pain Management
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone Therapy
• Antibiotic and Antiviral Therapy
• Cardiovascular Support

5. USES OF INFUSION PUMP
 Chemotherapy
 Pain management
 Total parental nutrition
 Anesthesia/sedation

6. TYPES OF INFUSION PUMPS

7. SYRINGE PUMP
Use a syringe to deliver small, precise amounts of fluid.

8. VOLUMETRIC PUMP
Designed to deliver large volumes of fluid.

9. AMBULATORY PUMPS
Portable pumps that allow patients to move around while receiving their
medication.

10. Enteral Pumps
Specifically used for delivering nutrition directly to the stomach or
intestines.

11. Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Pumps
Allow patients to
administer their own
pain relief medication
within preset limits.

13. Preparation of a Patient for
Infusion Pump
Steps for Preparation
• Patient Assessment:
• Review the patient’s medical history and current
condition.
• Verify the prescription, including the type of medication,
dosage, and infusion rate.

14. • Equipment Preparation:
• Select the appropriate infusion pump based on the
medication and required infusion rate.
• Ensure the pump is functioning correctly and has been
properly calibrated.
• Prepare the medication as per the prescription, ensuring it
is at the correct temperature and properly mixed if
required.
• Load the medication into the pump, following the
manufacturer’s instructions.

15. • Site Selection and Preparation:
• Choose an appropriate infusion site, typically a vein in the
arm or a central line for long-term use.
• Clean the infusion site with an antiseptic solution to
reduce the risk of infection.
• Allow the antiseptic to dry completely before proceeding.

16. • Patient Preparation:
• Explain the procedure to the patient, addressing any
questions or concerns they may have.
• Ensure the patient is in a comfortable position and has
access to a call bell or other communication device.
• Apply a tourniquet above the selected infusion site if a
peripheral vein is being used.
• Insert the intravenous (IV) catheter or access the central
line, following standard sterile techniques.
• Secure the catheter in place with sterile adhesive tape or a
securement device.

17. • Infusion Pump Setup:
• Connect the IV tubing from the pump to the patient's IV
catheter.
• Prime the tubing to remove any air bubbles, which can
prevent air embolism.
• Set the infusion pump to the prescribed rate and volume,
double-checking all settings for accuracy.
• Start the infusion and observe the initial flow to ensure
there are no blockages or leaks.

18. • Monitoring and Documentation:
• Monitor the patient’s vital signs and the infusion site
regularly for signs of complications, such as infection,
infiltration, or phlebitis.
• Document the start time, medication details, infusion rate,
and any observations in the patient’s medical record.
• Educate the patient on signs and symptoms of potential
complications and when to alert the healthcare team.

19. • Ongoing Care:
• Regularly check the infusion pump to ensure it is
operating correctly and the medication is being delivered
as prescribed.
• Reassess the patient periodically and adjust the infusion
rate if needed, based on their response and medical orders.
• Change the infusion site as per protocol or if signs of
complications are detected.

20. DRUG CALCULATION IN
INFUSION PUMPS
Basic Formula
The primary formula used for calculating the infusion rate is:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Infusion Time (hours)
Total Volume (mL)​
For medication dosages, the calculation might involve
determining the flow rate based on the concentration of the
drug and the required dose.

21. Steps for Drug Calculation
1. Determine the Dosage Requirement:
• Prescribed Dose: Understand the prescribed dose from the healthcare
provider, typically given in mg/kg/hr, mcg/min, units/hr, etc.
• Patient's Weight: For weight-based dosing, ensure the patient's weight
is current and accurate.
2. Convert the Dosage:
• Units Consistency: Ensure all units are consistent (e.g., mg to mcg,
hours to minutes).
• Volume to be Infused: Calculate the total volume of medication to be
infused over a specific time.

22. 3. Calculate the Infusion Rate:
• Volume/Time: The basic formula is
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Volume to be infused (mL)
Time (hours)
• Concentration: When a drug is mixed in a solution,
calculate the concentration (e.g., mg/mL).

23. 4. Dosage per Minute or Hour:
• Flow Rate Conversion: Convert the prescribed dose to the required
flow rate.
• Formula for Infusion Rate:
• For a dose prescribed in mg/kg/min:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Dose (mg/kg/min)×Weight (kg)×60 (min/h)
Concentration (mg/mL)
• For a dose prescribed in mcg/kg/min:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = Dose (mcg/kg/min)×Weight (kg)×60 (min/hr)
Concentration (mcg/mL)
• For a dose prescribed in units/hr:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr)= Dose (units/hr)
Concentration (units/mL)

24. Example Calculations
Example 1: Dopamine Infusion
• Prescription: Dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min
• Patient Weight: 70 kg
• Solution Concentration: Dopamine 400 mg in 250 mL of
D5W
• Concentration Calculation:
• Concentration = 400,000 mcg =1600mcg/mL
250 mL
• Infusion Rate Calculation:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) =5 mcg×70 kg×60 min
1600
• Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = 21000 =13.125 mL/hr
1600

25. Example 2: Heparin Infusion
• Prescription: Heparin 1000 units/hr
• Solution Concentration: Heparin 25,000 units in 500 mL
of NS
• Concentration Calculation:
Concentration = 25000 units​ =50 units/mL
500 mL
• Infusion Rate Calculation:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = 1000 units/hr = 20 mL/hr
50 units/mL

26. Example 3: Insulin Infusion
• Prescription: Insulin 2 units/hr
• Solution Concentration: Insulin 100 units in 100 mL of
NS
• Concentration Calculation:
Concentration = 100 units​ =1 units/mL
100 mL
• Infusion Rate Calculation:
Infusion Rate (mL/hr) = 2 units/hr​ = 2 mL/hr
1 units/mL