One in 77 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. ISR examines risk factors, prevalence, and the prognosis of ovarian cancer in this infographic.
More at: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/ovarian-cancer-profile/
Max Niggl from People Living With HIV/AIDS Victoria discusses gay men's lack of knowledge of HPV and anal cancer, and the need for screening and education. This presentation was given at the AFAO HIV Educators' Conference 2008.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women (American Cancer Society), but only 5-10 percent of breast cancer cases are hereditary. Of those cases, roughly 20-25 percent are linked to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA stands for BReast CAncer susceptibility). View the infographic above for more on the genetics of breast cancer.
For more information on breast cancer, visit the website for Dana-Farber’s Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers Breast Oncology Program: http://www.dana-farber.org/Adult-Care/Treatment-and-Support/Breast-Cancer.aspx
Oct. 2013 Via Christi Women's Connection presentation on breast cancer genetic testing featuring Patty Tenofsky, MD, with Via Christi Clinic in Wichita, Kan.
Max Niggl from People Living With HIV/AIDS Victoria discusses gay men's lack of knowledge of HPV and anal cancer, and the need for screening and education. This presentation was given at the AFAO HIV Educators' Conference 2008.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women (American Cancer Society), but only 5-10 percent of breast cancer cases are hereditary. Of those cases, roughly 20-25 percent are linked to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA stands for BReast CAncer susceptibility). View the infographic above for more on the genetics of breast cancer.
For more information on breast cancer, visit the website for Dana-Farber’s Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers Breast Oncology Program: http://www.dana-farber.org/Adult-Care/Treatment-and-Support/Breast-Cancer.aspx
Oct. 2013 Via Christi Women's Connection presentation on breast cancer genetic testing featuring Patty Tenofsky, MD, with Via Christi Clinic in Wichita, Kan.
Cancer genetic testing and risk assessment overview.
This slide deck was the basis of a presentation to nurse practitioners and genetic counselors who are actively identifying and managing women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
BRCA Testing is a gene test that uses DNA analyses.
This test is usually done to identify the harmful changes of the two breast cancer susceptibility genes.
The cervical cancer overview with key stats around the world and in Nepal.
Discussion on the sensitivity and specificity of different cervical cancer screening techniques.
Beyond BRCA Mutations: What's New in the World of Genetic Testing?bkling
Dr. Mark Robson, Clinic Director of the Clinical Genetics Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, presents a medical update regarding the latest developments in genetic testing as it relates to breast and ovarian cancer. Topics include non-BRCA mutations, including both high-penetrance and so-called moderate penetrance mutations, and a framework for management of these.
Presented in collaboration with FORCE.
HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cancer in HIV-infected women in Mu...Dr.Samsuddin Khan
Background: HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer than women in the general population, partly due to a high prevalence of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cervical cancer among a cohort of HIV-infected women as part of a routine screening in an urban overpopulated slum setting in Mumbai, India.
Methods: From May 2010 to October 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières and Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai offered routine annual Pap smears and HPV DNA testing of women attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and a 12-month follow-up. Women with abnormal test results were offered cervical biopsy and treatment, including treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results: Ninety-five women were screened. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 33–41); median nadir CD4-count 143 cells/µL (IQR: 79–270); and median time on ART 23 months (IQR:10–41). HPV DNA was detected in 30/94 women (32%), and 18/94 (19%) showed either low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) on Pap smear. Overall, >50% had cervical inflammatory reactions including STIs. Of the 43 women with a cervical biopsy, eight (8.4%) had CIN-1, five (5.3%) CIN-2, and two (2.1%) carcinoma in situ. All but one had HPV DNA detected (risk ratio: 11, 95% confidence interval: 3.3–34). By October 2011, 56 women had completed the 12-month follow-up and had been rescreened. No new cases of HPV infection/LSIL/HSIL were detected.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV infection, STIs, and cervical lesions among women attending an ART clinic demonstrates a need for routine screening. Simple, one-stop screening strategies are needed. The optimal screening interval, especially when resources are limited, needs to be determined.
Genetics and "Genomics" Dr. Roisin O’Cearbhaill slidesbkling
The words genetics and “genomics” are sometimes used interchangeably, but what exactly do these two terms mean and how are they different?
This program will help unpack the confusion surrounding these very different forms of testing. Join Peggy Cottrell, MS, CGC, board certified genetic counselor at Sharsheret and Dr. Roisin O’Cearbhaill, Research Director of the Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), as they explain the types of tests you may have had and what tests you should consider.
Cancer genetic testing and risk assessment overview.
This slide deck was the basis of a presentation to nurse practitioners and genetic counselors who are actively identifying and managing women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
BRCA Testing is a gene test that uses DNA analyses.
This test is usually done to identify the harmful changes of the two breast cancer susceptibility genes.
The cervical cancer overview with key stats around the world and in Nepal.
Discussion on the sensitivity and specificity of different cervical cancer screening techniques.
Beyond BRCA Mutations: What's New in the World of Genetic Testing?bkling
Dr. Mark Robson, Clinic Director of the Clinical Genetics Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, presents a medical update regarding the latest developments in genetic testing as it relates to breast and ovarian cancer. Topics include non-BRCA mutations, including both high-penetrance and so-called moderate penetrance mutations, and a framework for management of these.
Presented in collaboration with FORCE.
HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cancer in HIV-infected women in Mu...Dr.Samsuddin Khan
Background: HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer than women in the general population, partly due to a high prevalence of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cervical cancer among a cohort of HIV-infected women as part of a routine screening in an urban overpopulated slum setting in Mumbai, India.
Methods: From May 2010 to October 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières and Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai offered routine annual Pap smears and HPV DNA testing of women attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and a 12-month follow-up. Women with abnormal test results were offered cervical biopsy and treatment, including treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results: Ninety-five women were screened. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 33–41); median nadir CD4-count 143 cells/µL (IQR: 79–270); and median time on ART 23 months (IQR:10–41). HPV DNA was detected in 30/94 women (32%), and 18/94 (19%) showed either low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) on Pap smear. Overall, >50% had cervical inflammatory reactions including STIs. Of the 43 women with a cervical biopsy, eight (8.4%) had CIN-1, five (5.3%) CIN-2, and two (2.1%) carcinoma in situ. All but one had HPV DNA detected (risk ratio: 11, 95% confidence interval: 3.3–34). By October 2011, 56 women had completed the 12-month follow-up and had been rescreened. No new cases of HPV infection/LSIL/HSIL were detected.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV infection, STIs, and cervical lesions among women attending an ART clinic demonstrates a need for routine screening. Simple, one-stop screening strategies are needed. The optimal screening interval, especially when resources are limited, needs to be determined.
Genetics and "Genomics" Dr. Roisin O’Cearbhaill slidesbkling
The words genetics and “genomics” are sometimes used interchangeably, but what exactly do these two terms mean and how are they different?
This program will help unpack the confusion surrounding these very different forms of testing. Join Peggy Cottrell, MS, CGC, board certified genetic counselor at Sharsheret and Dr. Roisin O’Cearbhaill, Research Director of the Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), as they explain the types of tests you may have had and what tests you should consider.
Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Women of Color (Slide 1)bkling
In this webinar, Dr. Onyinye D. Balogun and Dr. Lisa Newman of Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital Network discuss all aspects of triple negative breast cancer and its impact on women of color in recognition of Black History Month.
26th International Papillomavirus Conference: Satellite Symposium
Enhancing HPV Prevention among Indigenous Populations: International Perspectives on Health and Well-Being
Montreal, Quebec
July 5, 2010
Panel 2: Primary and Secondary Prevention of HPV Diseases, Cervical and other cancers among Indigenous Populations: Promising Interventions and Wise Practices.
What Black Women Need to Know About Cervical Cancerbkling
Did you know that cervical cancer disproportionately affects Black women? Please join Dr. Gizelka David-West, a gynecologic oncologist at Northwell Health, to learn more about the causes, symptoms, screening, and prevention of the disease. Dr. David-West will also discuss the factors that contribute to the cervical cancer disparities among Black women and what can be done to address them.
Similar to Infographic: Ovarian Cancer Profile (20)
Bioanalytical Labs Market Dynamics and Service Provider Performance (3rd Edit...Industry Standard Research
5 need-to-know facts from ISR's newest primary market research report on Bioanalytical Lab Service Providers. Staying on top of an entire marketplace is a tall order. Sponsors’ needs change, market trends come and go, providers merge, capabilities evolve. The bioanalytical lab space is no different. ISR keeps a finger on the pulse of the bioanalytical lab market to help both sponsors and providers stay current with market dynamics and anticipate changes that may be coming down the pike. These data can be used to plan for future resource requirements, develop outsourcing strategies, inform tactical/operational and strategic planning, enhance service offerings, and for organizational benchmarking.
The information in ISR’s Electronic Media Use in Academic Medical Center Patient Recruitment report sheds light on the benefits, challenges and strategies of electronic media use for clinical trial recruitment. We are currently in an era where Facebook, Twitter, and Google searches link all of us to a larger global community. Clinical sites are actively navigating how to apply these resources to connect with patients around the world. The report will help academic medical centers, site personnel and CRO/sponsors understand which channels and strategies will best help accomplish their recruitment goals, and which ones can be developed for increased success in this realm.
One aspect of personalized medicine is certain; it is
complicated. If you happen to have a highly scientific
background, you actually may be able to define the term.
However, if you polled five people very familiar with
personalized medicine, you should expect to hear five
different definitions. ISR wanted to understand where oncologists stand on the topic of personalized medicine. We interviewed 101 US based, board-certified oncologists to gather their views on
how familiar they are with personalized medicine, how they
are treating patients, what tests are being used and which
will be used more, and how their patient treatment regimens
could evolve in the future.
ISR interviewed 13 experienced Regulatory Affairs professionals at 11 of the Top 50 pharmaceutical companies to better understand the Regulatory Affairs function. ISR has designed this report to be used as a benchmarking tool for companies to compare their Regulatory Affairs functions to those of other organizations. Key takeaways include:
Identify how your company’s approach to Regulatory Affairs may be different from a typical industry approach and the benefits and drawbacks that may result
Gather information on unique Regulatory Affairs structures and best practices employed by other organizations, which may be used to improve or streamline the function
Compare your company’s Regulatory Affairs department size, structure, resources and approach to those of other companies
Learn more: https://goo.gl/
ISR’s “CRO Quality Benchmarking – Phase IV Service Providers” report provides pharmaceutical sponsors and service providers a Consumer Reports-style analysis of CRO quality. Respondents supplied performance ratings based on their own experiences with 44 Phase IV CROs, making this report the most comprehensive assessment of CRO service quality in the industry. Now in its 8th year, this report has become a crucial tool for sponsors looking to select a Phase IV CRO and for service providers seeking an experience-based evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses.
As pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies increase their levels of external development and manufacturing, the need for unbiased information to support strategic business decisions continues to grow. In this report, ISR provides pharmaceutical companies and contract manufacturers a comprehensive analysis of current outsourcing trends and practices, in addition to a quantitative analysis of CMO service quality across a series of 26 performance attributes specific to drug product manufacturing projects. In this Consumer Reports-style analysis, ISR presents data on 423 service encounters from 217 respondents who have been involved in outsourced fill finish projects in the past 18 months.
ISR interviewed 14 highly experienced decision-makers to better understand the Market Access function. These professionals shared their perspectives on a range of topics related to the Market Access function, including the role of Market Access within their organizations, the structure of the Market Access function, and the key challenges faced by Market Access. Where possible, ISR also collected information on departmental headcounts, budgets, and outsourcing volume.
As many blockbuster drugs reach their patent cliffs, pharmaceutical companies and their service providers are searching to make drug development a more efficient process. Here are just a few of the trends to look for in the coming years.
Learn more: http://bit.ly/1LSIgwJ
ISR explores eClinical technologies like CTMS, EDC, IRT, EMR, and eCOA in this infographic.
Learn more: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/eclinical-trends-tips-and-technology/
This report examines the industry perception of the EDC and eCOA/ePRO markets based on the responses of over 150 industry professionals experienced with these systems. ISR has asked respondents how their respective companies handle the decisions associated with outsourcing these systems as well as how they would prefer the outsourcing be handled. Additionally, ISR has benchmarked 22 EDC and 22 eCOA/ePRO systems based on 651 EDC and 432 ePRO service provider encounters. Each provider’s performance is evaluated and benchmarked based on the performance of these providers against expectations across 18-21 attributes.
Learn more: http://www.isrreports.com/product/edc-and-ecoaepro-market-dynamics-and-service-provider-performance-2015/
Over 30 years after the Orphan Drug Act was passed, orphan drugs continue to be a lucrative market for pharma companies. Although orphan diseases affect small populations, these treatments address a high unmet need and also benefit from commercially attractive pricing structures and additional regulatory benefits.
Full graphic: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/5408/
As of December 2014, the publicly traded CROs had added a combined $14 billion to the market in the prior two years. In this infographic, ISR examines the ever-growing CRO Capital Market. For more ISR research, visit www.ISRreports.com.
The Pharma & Biotech stock index grew by more than 32.5% in 2014, and the increasing number of public CROs saw their stock prices rise as well. In 2014, the clinical development industry saw an increased shift toward Risk-Based Monitoring methodologies and an increased reliance on eClinical technologies.
More: http://bit.ly/1w9gIOn
Thyroid Cancer is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the U.S. with 62,980 new cases predicted in 2014. ISR explores common types, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and future drug development in this infographic.
- See more at: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/thyroid-cancer/#sthash.86CeZZ0E.dpuf
Learn more: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/thyroid-cancer/
Medical Affairs, as a function, sits at a crossroads in the pharmaceutical industry. The department is expected to act as a bridge between the commercial and scientific arms of an organization. Medical Affairs is further tasked with being the conduit of information between the company and external stakeholders, bringing efficacy and safety data to the medical community as well as gathering insights from the medical community to share internally. All responsibilities must be undertaken while keeping in mind strict regulatory controls and ensuring that medical data are interpreted appropriately.
ISR has designed this report to be used as a benchmarking tool for companies to compare their Medical Affairs functions to those of Top 50 pharmaceutical organizations.
See more: http://bit.ly/medaffairs
Clinical development activity in perspective: A head-to-head comparison of ...Industry Standard Research
When you think about it, spending on phase I-IV services by pharma sponsors is roughly equivalent to revenue generated by CROs. One company’s expense is another company’s revenue. ISR wanted to see how the largest public CROs stacked up to the largest pharma companies in terms of their phase I-IV activities.
- See more at: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/clinical-development-activity-perspective/#sthash.7xWDch7f.dpuf
Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. It claims more lives each year than do colon, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers combined. ISR explores risk factors, treatment, and drug development in this infographic.
- See more at: http://www.isrreports.com/free-resources/3595/#sthash.f3suitGk.dpuf
GBM is the most common and most aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumor. This infographic from ISR explores the disease, treatment, and possibilities for the future.
In 2013, R&D spending remained relatively flat and the number of studies started by industry also remained about the same, but outsourcing penetration is increasing. There are now more realistic options for sponsors seeking to outsource large studies. There will be more competition for large studies and the large CROs depend on large studies for their growth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Infographic: Ovarian Cancer Profile
1. OVARIAN CANCER
Median
Age At
Diagnosis
SOURCES: ISR Researach, seer.cancer.gov, www.ovariancancer.org, CDC, WHO ISRreports.com
SYMPTOMS
Bloating
Pelvic or abdominal pain
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)
TREATMENT
WOMEN WILL BE DIAGNOSED
WITH OVARIAN CANCER
DURING THEIR LIFETIMES.
PREVALENCE:
In 2011, there were approximately
188,867 WOMEN
living with ovary cancer in the
United States.
That’s about the population of
Tallahassee, FL.
1.3%of women are
diagnosed with
ovarian cancer
in their
lifetimes
PROGNOSIS
0
20
40
60
80
100
44.6%AVG. 5 YEAR SURVIVAL RATE
PERCENT OF CASES BY STAGE
5 YEAR SURVIVAL
Localized 15%
Localized 92%
Regional
(spread to
lymph nodes)
18%
Regional 72%
Distant
(metasticized)
61%
Distant 27%
Unknown 6%
Unknown 22%
63
surgery chemotherapy
targeted
therapy
RISK
FACTORS
GENETICS:
BRCA1 and BRCA2
genes, Lynch
Syndrome, and
family history
INDIA, THE
UNITED STATES,
AND CHINA
have the highest number
of annual deaths from
Ovarian cancer
INCREASING AGE
REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY
&INFERTILITY
HORMONE
REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Learn more in ISR’s
“Epithelial Ovarian
Cancer: Disease
and Pipeline
Analysis”
on ISRreports.com
DEVELOPMENT
PIPELINE