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Breastcancer genes-ppt
This document summarizes breast cancer risks from both personal and environmental factors. It discusses how genetics and the environment can contribute to increased breast cancer risk and identifies some preventive measures. The key points are: 1) Breast cancer risk is influenced by a combination of personal factors like family history, age of first period, and hormone exposure, as well as environmental exposures. 2) Inherited genetic mutations account for 5-10% of cases, while genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause 2-5% of cases. 3) Environmental toxins can damage breast DNA over time and increase cancer risk, while a healthy lifestyle with exercise, diet, weight control, and limiting alcohol can help reduce
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Breastcancer genes-ppt
- 1. Breast Cancer, Genes,and the Environment UNC-Chapel Hill Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility Funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), P30ES10126 Collaborators: Breast Cancer Coalition of North Carolina, University of Cincinnati 11/2005
- 2. Goals • To learnabout breast cancer risks • To learn how individual genetics and environmental factors may contribute to increased breast cancer risk • To identify risk reduction activities
- 3. What Is BreastCancer? • Cells in the breast grow out of control and form a lump Lobules Ducts • Lumps can either be benign or malignant • Malignant growths are called breast cancer
- 4. Risks for BreastCancer Personal Environmental
- 5. Personal Estrogen-Related Risks •Early menstruation Before 12yrs old -- increased risk • Oral contraceptives Increased risk dissipates since time of last use • Child bearing First child born after age 30 -- increased risk No children -- increased risk
- 6. Personal Estrogen-Related Risks •Breastfeeding 12+months -- decreased risk • Late menopause After 55yrs old -- increased risk • Long-term hormone replacement therapy More than 5yrs -- increased risk
- 7. Other Personal Risks •Being age 55 or older • Having breast cancer previously • Family history of breast cancer • Some types of breast disease • Dense breast tissue
- 8. Family History • Sharedgenetic makeup • Shared lifestyle • Similar environmental exposure
- 9. A Quick ScienceLesson Genes: Present in all cells and help provide instructions for how to build and maintain a human.
- 10. A Quick ScienceLesson
- 11. A Quick ScienceLesson Environment: Everything around you. (air, water, diet, home, workplace, etc.)
- 12. Hereditary Genetic Risks •5-10% of breast cancer is caused by inherited genetic mutations. • 2-5% caused by inherited mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes.
- 13. Gene-Environment Interaction Individual Susceptibility Environmental Exposure No Breast Cancer Breast Cancer
- 14. Environmental Risk Factorsand Preventive Steps • Alcohol One or more drinks/day -- increased risk • Diet High in fruits and vegetables -- decreased risk • Exercise Regular exercise -- decreased risk • Weight Maintaining healthy weight -- decreased risk
- 15. Environmental Risk • Toxinscan damage breast DNA. Over time damaged DNA can lead to cancer. • Exposure to high doses of radiation, such as for treating Hodgkin’s disease, in women under 30 shows increased risk for breast cancer.
- 16. Environmental Risk • Organochlorinessuch as DDT and PCBs No association with increased breast cancer risk • Electromagnetic fields No association with increased breast cancer risk Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, 2002 Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 2001
- 17. Environmental Risk • Polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Produced when coal, oil, gas, garbage, or other organic substances are burned Can damage DNA • Smoking Passive smoking – long-term smoking spouse Smoking – teenager Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, 2002
- 18. Screening for BreastCancer • Breast self-exam • Clinical breast exam + + • Annual mammogram after + age 40 + • Early diagnosis increases + + chance of survival
- 19. Questions? Kathleen Gray, Acting Director UNC CEHS Community Outreach and Education Program (919) 966-9799 kgray@unc.edu Diana Degen, Research Associate UNC CEHS Community Outreach and Education Program (919) 966-2463 degen@email.unc.edu