WHO ARE WE? WHAT DO WE DO?
InfoGrafix, L.L.C. IS Peggy Wilson, PRESIDENT Mickey Campbell, Project Manager A virtual network of GIS professionals and IT companies
What Do We Do GIS Systems Planning GIS Implementation Plans GIS Production Mapping  GIS Database Design Data Migration and Integration with other  major database products
What Do We Do InfoGrafix provides Geographic Information Systems consulting services, project management and training for ESRI’s ArcView and ArcGIS Software. With the skills and experience necessary  to help customers effectively utilize GIS technology we additionally provide planning, design, and implementation of GIS solutions. InfoGrafix, L.L.C. translates project challenges and issues into cost effective predictable project outcomes.  “State-of-the-Art” GIS tools and quality service oriented people make InfoGrafix the right choice for your organization.
What is GIS? •   Geographic Information System Definition •  What can GIS really do? •  GIS Data •  Spatial Data Major Elements •  Major Types of GIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
GIS A geographic information system is a computerized database management system for  capture ,  storage ,  retrieval ,  analysis , and  display  of  spatial  (locationally defined)  data . G eographic  I nformation  S ystem National Science Foundation
Simplistic View of GIS GIS Maps Tables Maps Linked to Data Spatial Modeling Tools
GIS Primary Functions Capture Storage Retrieval Analysis Display Spatial Data
What can GIS  really  do? Thematic Mapping Functional Classification
What can GIS  really  do? Thematic Mapping Treatment Plant Major Interceptors
What can GIS  really  do? Spatial Queries   Map to Table Table to Map
11/17/09 2020 What can GIS  really  do? Spatial Queries - Map to Table To Chart
What can GIS  really  do? Spatial Queries - Table to Map Select the 2 subbasins  with greatest increase in flow Display Flow Identify Subbasins
What can GIS  really  do? Data Integration Wastewater Flow Routing Model Data Predicted Overflow Predicted Overloaded Sewers
What can GIS  really  do? Routing and Minimum Path Shortest Path From Water Reuse Sites to the Reclamation T/P Using City Streets
What can GIS  really  do? Routing and Minimum Path Shortest Path from a Water Reuse Site to a Major Distribution Pipe Using City Streets
What can GIS  really  do? Buffering Proposed Water Pipe Contaminated Areas 500 & 1,000 Buffers Problems
What can GIS  really  do? Overlay 1994 Northridge Earthquake Epicenter and after-shock data available to public within 24 hours Epicenter After-shocks
What can GIS  really  do? Overlay 1994 Northridge Earthquake Damage Reports Bridge Damage Damaged Structures
What can GIS  really  do? Distance, adjacency , and Proximity Potential Water Reuse sites in Orange County Sources of reclaimed water
What can GIS  Really  Do? Summary Presentations and thematic mapping Data queries (spatial and tabular) Database integration and updating Routing and minimum path Buffering Point-in-polygons Overlay analysis Distance, adjacency, and proximity
GIS Data Structure GIS Maps Tables Maps Linked to Data
GIS Data Structure
Irregular Tile Boundaries CDOT Region boundaries
Spatial Data Value Shape Location Spatial Reference Object’s data, information or description in tables Object’s external surface or outline on a map or drawing Object’s place on a map that represents the real world position Object's relationship to the objects around it
Spatial Data Value Object’s data, information or description in tables Stored in a series of related data tables Data linked to object Database managers provide Access Reporting Analytical tools Shape Location Spatial Reference
Spatial Data Value Shape Location Spatial Reference Object’s external surface or outline on a map or drawing Graphics approximate the real world feature on a map or drawing. Shape is defined with some simple geometric figures
Spatial Data Value Shape Location Spatial Reference Basic geometric figures Points Line 2 or more Points Polygon 3 or more Lines
Spatial Data Value Spatial Reference Shape Location Object’s place on a map that represents the real world position Coordinates Map projection Datum
Spatial Data Value Shape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference Two basic methods. Grid or raster structure Topology
Spatial Data Value Shape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference “ Topology  is the study of those properties of geometric forms that remain invariant under certain transformations, as bending or stretching...” Random House Unabridged Dictionary
Spatial Data Value Shape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference Topological properties Connectivity Orientation (to and from) Adjacency Containment
Two Major GIS Spatial Data Models Raster or grid GIS Vector GIS (points, lines, and polygons)
Raster GIS Data Layer Note Grid/Raster Cell Size Rich mixture of data Fuzzy boundaries
Vector GIS Spatial  features are made up of basic geometric figures composed vectors Points (not a vector) Line or vector (two or more points) Polygons (three or more vectors) Vector GIS (points, lines, and polygons)
Vector Data Vector  - A starting coordinate, displacement, and direction. Start at first point move to second point
Vector GIS Spatial Reference Values  - Defined by data attribute linked to each geometric map feature Shape Define from a combination of points, lines, and polygons Each data layer has only one geometric shape type Location  -  Defined by map coordinates Spatial reference  - Provided by the topology maintained by the software
Conversion Between Vector and Raster Systems Provided by GIS software provide  Some anticipated problems Vector to raster  - Lose vector precision Raster to vector  - Lose data variability Raster to vector polygons  - Boundary distortions
Grid GIS provides more data variations and less precise edges. Missing data easily identified. Vector GIS provides better edges and sharp changes in data, however, data is constant for entire area. Data Variation Greater Data Variation Missing Data Sharp Edges Single Value
Resource Management Wide variation of data such as vegetation mapping Use with aerial or satellite images Transportation, utilities, land records, marketing applications Network analysis such as a pipe or road network Areas with sharp edges (lot lines) Primary Use Comparisons Raster GIS Vector GIS
Shape Location Spatial Reference Value Database Shape Graphics Location Coordinates Map Projection and Datum Spatial Reference Connectivity Orientation Adjacency Containment Spatial Data Summary
GIS Data Structure Shape Value Location Spatial Reference Map Projection and Datum Containment Adjacency Orientation Connectivity Database Coordinates Graphics GIS Geographic Information System

Info Grafix

  • 1.
    WHO ARE WE?WHAT DO WE DO?
  • 2.
    InfoGrafix, L.L.C. ISPeggy Wilson, PRESIDENT Mickey Campbell, Project Manager A virtual network of GIS professionals and IT companies
  • 3.
    What Do WeDo GIS Systems Planning GIS Implementation Plans GIS Production Mapping GIS Database Design Data Migration and Integration with other major database products
  • 4.
    What Do WeDo InfoGrafix provides Geographic Information Systems consulting services, project management and training for ESRI’s ArcView and ArcGIS Software. With the skills and experience necessary to help customers effectively utilize GIS technology we additionally provide planning, design, and implementation of GIS solutions. InfoGrafix, L.L.C. translates project challenges and issues into cost effective predictable project outcomes. “State-of-the-Art” GIS tools and quality service oriented people make InfoGrafix the right choice for your organization.
  • 5.
    What is GIS?• Geographic Information System Definition • What can GIS really do? • GIS Data • Spatial Data Major Elements • Major Types of GIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
  • 6.
    GIS A geographicinformation system is a computerized database management system for capture , storage , retrieval , analysis , and display of spatial (locationally defined) data . G eographic I nformation S ystem National Science Foundation
  • 7.
    Simplistic View ofGIS GIS Maps Tables Maps Linked to Data Spatial Modeling Tools
  • 8.
    GIS Primary FunctionsCapture Storage Retrieval Analysis Display Spatial Data
  • 9.
    What can GIS really do? Thematic Mapping Functional Classification
  • 10.
    What can GIS really do? Thematic Mapping Treatment Plant Major Interceptors
  • 11.
    What can GIS really do? Spatial Queries Map to Table Table to Map
  • 12.
    11/17/09 2020 Whatcan GIS really do? Spatial Queries - Map to Table To Chart
  • 13.
    What can GIS really do? Spatial Queries - Table to Map Select the 2 subbasins with greatest increase in flow Display Flow Identify Subbasins
  • 14.
    What can GIS really do? Data Integration Wastewater Flow Routing Model Data Predicted Overflow Predicted Overloaded Sewers
  • 15.
    What can GIS really do? Routing and Minimum Path Shortest Path From Water Reuse Sites to the Reclamation T/P Using City Streets
  • 16.
    What can GIS really do? Routing and Minimum Path Shortest Path from a Water Reuse Site to a Major Distribution Pipe Using City Streets
  • 17.
    What can GIS really do? Buffering Proposed Water Pipe Contaminated Areas 500 & 1,000 Buffers Problems
  • 18.
    What can GIS really do? Overlay 1994 Northridge Earthquake Epicenter and after-shock data available to public within 24 hours Epicenter After-shocks
  • 19.
    What can GIS really do? Overlay 1994 Northridge Earthquake Damage Reports Bridge Damage Damaged Structures
  • 20.
    What can GIS really do? Distance, adjacency , and Proximity Potential Water Reuse sites in Orange County Sources of reclaimed water
  • 21.
    What can GIS Really Do? Summary Presentations and thematic mapping Data queries (spatial and tabular) Database integration and updating Routing and minimum path Buffering Point-in-polygons Overlay analysis Distance, adjacency, and proximity
  • 22.
    GIS Data StructureGIS Maps Tables Maps Linked to Data
  • 23.
  • 24.
    Irregular Tile BoundariesCDOT Region boundaries
  • 25.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Location Spatial Reference Object’s data, information or description in tables Object’s external surface or outline on a map or drawing Object’s place on a map that represents the real world position Object's relationship to the objects around it
  • 26.
    Spatial Data ValueObject’s data, information or description in tables Stored in a series of related data tables Data linked to object Database managers provide Access Reporting Analytical tools Shape Location Spatial Reference
  • 27.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Location Spatial Reference Object’s external surface or outline on a map or drawing Graphics approximate the real world feature on a map or drawing. Shape is defined with some simple geometric figures
  • 28.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Location Spatial Reference Basic geometric figures Points Line 2 or more Points Polygon 3 or more Lines
  • 29.
    Spatial Data ValueSpatial Reference Shape Location Object’s place on a map that represents the real world position Coordinates Map projection Datum
  • 30.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference Two basic methods. Grid or raster structure Topology
  • 31.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference “ Topology is the study of those properties of geometric forms that remain invariant under certain transformations, as bending or stretching...” Random House Unabridged Dictionary
  • 32.
    Spatial Data ValueShape Object's relationship to the objects around it Location Spatial Reference Topological properties Connectivity Orientation (to and from) Adjacency Containment
  • 33.
    Two Major GISSpatial Data Models Raster or grid GIS Vector GIS (points, lines, and polygons)
  • 34.
    Raster GIS DataLayer Note Grid/Raster Cell Size Rich mixture of data Fuzzy boundaries
  • 35.
    Vector GIS Spatial features are made up of basic geometric figures composed vectors Points (not a vector) Line or vector (two or more points) Polygons (three or more vectors) Vector GIS (points, lines, and polygons)
  • 36.
    Vector Data Vector - A starting coordinate, displacement, and direction. Start at first point move to second point
  • 37.
    Vector GIS SpatialReference Values - Defined by data attribute linked to each geometric map feature Shape Define from a combination of points, lines, and polygons Each data layer has only one geometric shape type Location - Defined by map coordinates Spatial reference - Provided by the topology maintained by the software
  • 38.
    Conversion Between Vectorand Raster Systems Provided by GIS software provide Some anticipated problems Vector to raster - Lose vector precision Raster to vector - Lose data variability Raster to vector polygons - Boundary distortions
  • 39.
    Grid GIS providesmore data variations and less precise edges. Missing data easily identified. Vector GIS provides better edges and sharp changes in data, however, data is constant for entire area. Data Variation Greater Data Variation Missing Data Sharp Edges Single Value
  • 40.
    Resource Management Widevariation of data such as vegetation mapping Use with aerial or satellite images Transportation, utilities, land records, marketing applications Network analysis such as a pipe or road network Areas with sharp edges (lot lines) Primary Use Comparisons Raster GIS Vector GIS
  • 41.
    Shape Location SpatialReference Value Database Shape Graphics Location Coordinates Map Projection and Datum Spatial Reference Connectivity Orientation Adjacency Containment Spatial Data Summary
  • 42.
    GIS Data StructureShape Value Location Spatial Reference Map Projection and Datum Containment Adjacency Orientation Connectivity Database Coordinates Graphics GIS Geographic Information System